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The impact of out-of-pocket expenditures on missed appointments at HIV r care and treatment centers in Northern Tanzania

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Global Health Journal 2021年第2期5卷 90-96页

作者： Carl Mhina hayden bosworth John A.Bartlett Helene Vilme Joyce H.Mosha Deborah F.Shoo Tom J.Kakumbi Glory Jacob Charles Muiruri Department of Population Health Sciences School of MedicineDuke University215 Morris StreetDurhamNC 27701USA Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Box 2240Moshi KilimanjaroTanzania Health Economics Unit School of Public Health and Family MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownOBSERVATORY 7925South Africa Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System508 Fulton StreetHSRD 152DurhamNC 27705USA Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences P.0.Box 65001Dar-es-SalaamTanzania

Background:Missed clinic appointments negatively impact clinic patient flow and health outcomes of people living with HIV(PLHIV).PLHIV likelihood of missing clinic appointments is associated with direct and indirect expenditures made while accessing HIV *** objective of this study was to examine the relationship between out-of-pocket(OOP)health expenditures and the likelihood of missing ***:Totally 618 PLHIV older than 18 years attending two HIV care and treatment centres(CTC)in Northern Tanzania were enrolled in the *** attendance and clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical *** on OOP health expenditures,demographics,and socio-economic factors were self-reported by the *** used a hurdle *** first part of the hurdle model assessed the marginal effect of a one Tanzanian Shillings(TZS)increase in OOP health expenditure on the probability of having a missed appointment and the second part assessed the probability of having missed appointments for those who had missed an appointment over the study ***:Among these 618 participants,242(39%)had at least one missed clinic appointment in the past *** expenditure was not significantly associated with the number of missed clinic *** median amount of OOP paid was 5100 TZS per visit,about 7%of the median monthly *** who were separated from their partners(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]=1.83,95%confidence interval[CZ]:1.11-8.03)and those aged above 50 years(AOR=2.85,95%CI:1.01-8.03)were significantly associated with missing an *** those who had at least one missed appointment over the study period,the probability of missing a clinic appointment was significantly associated with seeking care in a public CTC(P=0.49,95%CI:0.88-0.09)and aged between>25-35 years(P=0.90,95%CI:0.11-1.69).Conclusion:Interventions focused on improving compliance to clinic appointments should target public CTCs,PLHIV aged between>

关键词： Missed clinic appointments Out-of-pocket expenditure HIV Tanzania

Surgical management of nonobstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第2期2卷 85-91页

作者： Bruno Camargo Tiseo Russell Paul hayden Cigdem Tanrikut Reproduction Center Urology DepartmentUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolSao PauloBrazil Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMAUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMAUSA

Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA)is characterized by the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate due to testicular *** evaluation and management of patients with NOA offer a challenge to the reproductive *** the era of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection,surgical sperm extraction techniques can afford men with NOA biologic *** provide a comprehensive review of surgical sperm retrieval approaches in the patient with NOA emphasizing complications,success rates and outcome optimization,a Medline search was conducted querying surgical approaches used to manage *** sperm extraction techniques are described including:testicular sperm aspiration,testicular sperm extraction,fine needle aspiration mapping and microdissection testicular sperm *** addition,the roles for pre-extraction varicocelectomy and sperm cryopreservation are *** management of NOA continues to evolve as newer tools become *** modalities of sperm acquisition *** understanding of their complications and success rates is fundamental to the treatment of NOA.

关键词： Obstructive azoospermia Male infertility Sperm retrieval

Cremaster muscle thickening: the anatomic difference in men with testicular retraction due to hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第4期25卷 484-486页

作者： Parviz K Kavoussi hayden T Henderson Kayla Hudson Romtin Mehrabani-Farsi Graham Luke Machen Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF AustinTX 78746USA

The objective was to assess whether men suffering from testicular retraction secondary to hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex havean anatomic difference in the thickness of the cremaster muscle in comparison to men who do not have retraction. From March2021 to December 2021, 21 men underwent microsurgical subinguinal cremaster muscle release (MSCMR) on 33 spermatic cordunits, as 12 of them had bilateral surgery, at Surgicare of South Austin Ambulatory Surgery Center in Austin, TX, USA. Duringthat same time frame, 36 men underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocele repair on 41 spermatic cord units, as 5 werebilateral for infertility. The thickness of cremaster muscles was measured by the operating surgeon in men undergoing MSCMRand varicocele repair. Comparison was made between the cremaster muscle thickness in men with testicular retraction due toa hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex undergoing MSCMR and the cremaster muscle thickness in men undergoing varicocelerepair for infertility with no history of testicular retraction, which served as an anatomic control. The mean cremaster musclethickness in men who underwent MSCMR was significantly greater than those undergoing varicocele repair for infertility, witha mean cremaster muscle thickness of 3.9 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 1.2) mm vs 1.0 (s.d.: 0.4) mm, respectively. Men withtesticular retraction secondary to a hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex demonstrate thicker cremaster muscles than controls,those undergoing varicocele repair. An anatomic difference may be a beginning to understanding the pathology in men whostruggle with testicular retraction.

关键词： cremaster muscle orchialgia testicular retraction

Biceps Brachii Muscle Length Affects Force Steadiness with and Without Fatigue

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 364-373页

作者： Joshua C.Carr Xin Ye hayden M.Tharp Department of Kinesiology Texas Christian UniversityForth WorthTX 76129USA Department of Rehabilitation Sciences University of HartfordWest HartfordCTUSA Department of Health and Exercise Science University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle length and fatigue on maximal force,submaximal force steadiness,and electromyographic(EMG)activity of the biceps *** Force and EMG responses were measured before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of maximal intermit-tent contractions of the elbow flexors until task failure(n=20).The protocol was performed on two separate occasions in a randomized *** one visit,the elbow joint was at 90°(EF90)and for the other,it was extended to 120°(EF120).Results The results show a large effect size for greater force loss following fatigue at long muscle length(P=0.067,n^(2)_(p)=0.166).The fatigue-based decreases in force steadiness were not different between muscle lengths(P=0.502,n^(2)_(p)=0.024).Force steadiness was lower at long muscle length before and after fatigue(P<0.01,d=0.691).Following fatigue,muscle excitation decreased and increased during maximal and submaximal force tasks,respectively,yet there were no length-dependent EMG *** The novel findings show fatigue at long muscle length likely affects force loss to a greater degree than fatigue-based decreases in force *** data show lower elbow flexion force steadiness when the biceps brachii is in a lengthened position.

关键词： Neuromuscular fatigue EMG Elbow flexors Force control

Co-delivery of PARP and PI3K inhibitors by nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for enhanced tumor chemoradiation

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Nano Research 2019年第12期12卷 3003-3017页

作者： Megan J.Neufeld Allison N.DuRoss Madeleine R.Landry hayden Winter Andrea M.Goforth Conroy Sun Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityPortlandOregon 97201USA Department of Chemistry Portland State University1719 SW 10th AvePortlandOregon 97201USA Department of Radiation Medicine Oregon Health&Science University3181 S.W.Sam Jackson Park RdPortlandOregon 97239USA

Due to their complementary activity,the use of DNA damage repair(DDR)inhibitors during radiotherapy(RT)has yielded promising ***,this approach is often hindered by toxicity and poor in vivo stability of the DDR in *** scale metal-organic frameworks(nMOFs)represent an emerging class of crystalline materials which exhibit advantageous properties over traditional nanomaterials and demonstrate great potential in ***,a unique,synergistic treatment strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of RT vianMOF-mediated drug delivery and RT enhancement was evaluated.A nMOF containing the high-Zelement Hf and the ligand 1,4-dicarboxybenzene(Hf-BDC)was synthesized and loaded with the two DDR inhibitor drugs,talazoparib and buparlisib(TB@Hf-BDC-PEG).TB@Hf-BDC-PEGaugmented RT by increasing reactive oxygen species generation and thus DNA damage of which repair was inhibited *** enhancement was demonstrated in vivo where the combination of concurrent radiation with in travenous TB@Hf-BDC-PEG administration resulted in improved tumor control and increased ***,no apparent toxicity was observed with nMOF treatment,supporting its potential as an attractive candidate over traditional nano *** work provides the first report of nMOFs employed to enhance thetherapeutic response to RT through DDR inhibitor delivery and physical radiation dose enhancement.

关键词： nano scale metal-organic frameworks chemoradiotherapy DNA damage repair inhibitors drug delivery radiation dose enhancement

Exercise-induced oxidative stress:Friend or foe?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第5期9卷 415-425页

作者： Scott K.Powers Rafael Deminice Mustafa Ozdemir Toshinori Yoshihara Matthew P.Bomkamp hayden Hyatt Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32608USA Department of Physical Education State University of LondrinaLondrina10011Brazil Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences Hacettepe UniversityAnkara06800Turkey Department of Exercise Physiology Juntendo UniversityTokyo270-1695Japan

The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades *** this discovery,many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal *** several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production,it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during *** contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with(1)oxidant damage in several tissues(e.g.,increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation),(2)accelerated muscle fatigue,and(3)activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle *** our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades,questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to *** review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s)of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production.

关键词： Hormesis Oxidants Radicals Reactive oxygen species Skeletal muscle

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Ricky Rabbit

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2016年第3期 22-23页

作者： Lydia & hayden

丢三落四的瑞奇，在路上碰到了丢三落四的小云朵．丢三落四的小云朵．正在寻找她丢失的小雨滴。瑞奇和小云朵一起降落，变成了胡萝卜形状的雪花！

关键词：小学英语课外阅读阅读材料

See the Autumn Colours in Beijing

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China's Foreign Trade 2014年第Z1期 66-69页

作者： hayden Opie Beijing Hikers

In summer it is hard work being outside in *** temperatures,high humidity,and the occasional threat of heavy rain and thunderstorms makes it much easier to choose to stay inside with the air-conditioning running at fu... 详细信息

关键词： threat autumn running conditioning comes mountains

Visit the Fairy Valley in Winter

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China's Foreign Trade 2014年第Z2期 66-69页

作者： hayden Opie Beijing Hikers

There are plenty of reasons to not go hiking during winter,with Beijing’s freezing cold being the most common excuse for staying home and *** keen and prepared hikers,this presents an *** most people preferring to stay indoors,some of the most crowded hiking spots in Beijing become free of people,allowing uninterrupted appreciation of the same scenery that causes crowds when the weather is mild.

关键词： Winter appreciation opportunity plenty weather win