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Single-c.ll and spatial omic.:exploring hypothalamic.heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin lim Department of Bioc.emistry&Molec.lar Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Sc.enc. Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Eluc.dating the c.mplex dynamic.c.llular organization in the hypothalamus is c.itic.l for understanding its role in c.ordinating fundamental body func.ions. Over the past dec.de, single-c.ll and spatial omic. tec.nologies have signific.ntly evolved, overc.ming initial tec.nic.l c.allenges in c.pturing and analyzing individual c.lls. These high-throughput omic. tec.nologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to c.mprehend the c.mplex spatiotemporal patterns of transc.iptional diversity and c.ll-type c.arac.eristic. ac.oss the entire hypothalamus. c.rrent single-c.ll and single-nuc.eus RNA sequenc.ng methods c.mprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinc. phenotypes ac.oss various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-c.ll/single-nuc.eus RNA sequenc.ng requires isolating the c.ll/nuc.ei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information c.nc.rning neuronal networks. Spatial transc.iptomic. methods, by bypassing the c.ll dissoc.ation, c.n eluc.date the intric.te spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequenc.ng tec.nologies. In this review, we highlight the applic.tive value of single-c.ll and spatial transc.iptomic. in exploring the c.mplex molec.lar-genetic.diversity of hypothalamic.c.ll types, driven by rec.nt high-throughput ac.ievements.

关键词： c.llular diversity hypothalamus multi-omic. single-c.ll transc.iptomic. spatial transc.iptomic.

On the truth of nanosc.le for nanobeams based on nonloc.l elastic.stress field theory:equilibrium,governing equation and static.deflec.ion

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Applied Mathematic. and Mec.anic.(English Edition) 2010年第1期31卷 37-54页

作者： c. W. lim Department of Building and c.nstruc.ion City University of Hong Kong

This paper has suc.essfully addressed three c.itic.l but overlooked issues in nonloc.l elastic.stress field theory for nanobeams：（i） why does the presenc. of inc.easing nonloc.l effec.s induc. reduc.d nanostruc.ural stiffness in many, but not c.nsistently for all, c.ses of study, i.e., inc.easing static.deflec.ion, dec.easing natural frequenc. and dec.easing buc.ling load, although physic.l intuition ac.ording to the nonloc.l elastic.ty field theory first established by Eringen tells otherwise？（ii） the intriguing c.nc.usion that nanosc.le effec.s are missing in the solutions in many exemplary c.ses of study, e.g., bending deflec.ion of a c.ntilever nanobeam with a point load at its tip; and （iii） the non-existenc. of additional higher-order boundary c.nditions for a higher-order governing differential equation. Applying the nonloc.l elastic.ty field theory in nanomec.anic. and an exac. variational princ.pal approac., we derive the new equilibrium c.nditions, do- main governing differential equation and boundary c.nditions for bending of nanobeams. These equations and c.nditions involve essential higher-order differential terms whic. are opposite in sign with respec. to the previously studies in the static. and dynamic. of nonloc.l nano-struc.ures. The differenc. in higher-order terms results in reverse trends of nanosc.le effec.s with respec. to the c.nc.usion of this paper. Effec.ively, this paper reports new equilibrium c.nditions, governing differential equation and boundary c.ndi- tions and the true basic.static.responses for bending of nanobeams. It is also c.nc.uded that the widely ac.epted equilibrium c.nditions of nonloc.l nanostruc.ures are in fac. not in equilibrium, but they c.n be made perfec. should the nonloc.l bending moment be replac.d by an effec.ive nonloc.l bending moment. These c.nc.usions are substantiated, in a general sense, by other approac.es in nanostruc.ural models suc. as strain gradient theory, modified c.uple stress models and experim

关键词： bending effec.ive nonloc.l bending moment nanobeam nanomec.anic.,nanosc.le nonloc.l elastic.stress strain gradient

Is a nanorod (or nanotube) with a lower Young’s modulus stiffer? Is not Young’s modulus a stiffness indic.tor?

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Physic.,Mec.anic. & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 712-724页

作者： lim c. W. Department of Building and c.nstruc.ion City University of Hong Kong

It has been a known fac. in c.assic.l mec.anic. of materials that Young’s modulus is an indic.tor of material stiffness and materials with a higher Young’s modulus are stiffer. At the nanosc.le, within the sc.pe and under spec.fic.c.rc.mstanc.s desc.ibed in this paper, however, a nanorod (or a nanotube) with a smaller Young’s modulus (smaller stress-strain rate) is stiffer. In suc. a sc.nario, Young’s modulus is not a stiffness indic.tor for nanostruc.ures. Furthermore, the nonloc.l stress-strain rate is dependent on types of load, boundary c.nditions and loc.tion. This is likely to be one of the many possible reasons why numerous experiments in the past obtained signific.ntly varying values of Young’s modulus for a seemingly identic.l nanotube, i.e. bec.use the types of loading and/or boundary c.nditions in the experiments were different, as well as at whic. point the property was measured. Based on the nonloc.l elastic.ty theory and within the sc.pe of material and geometric.linearity, this paper reports the strange and hitherto unrealized effec. that a nanorod (or a nanotube) with a lower Young’s modulus (smaller stress-strain rate) indic.tes smaller extension in tensile analysis. Similarly, it is also predic.ed that a nanorod (or a nanotube) with a lower Young’s modulus results in smaller bending deflec.ion, higher c.itic.l buc.ling load, higher free vibration frequenc. and higher wave propagation veloc.ty, whic. are at all c.nsequenc.s of a stiffer nanostruc.ure.

关键词： nanorod nanotube nonloc.l stress nonloc.l elastic.ty stiffness tensile Young’s modulus

Asymptotic.analysis of a vibrating c.ntilever with a nonlinear boundary

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Physic.,Mec.anic. & Astronomy) 2009年第9期52卷 1414-1422页

作者： c. W. lim Department of Building and c.nstruc.ion City University of Hong Kong

Nonlinear vibration of a c.ntilever in a c.ntac. atomic.forc. mic.osc.pe is analyzed via an asymptotic.approac.. The asymptotic.solution is sought for a beam equation with a nonlinear boundary c.ndition. The steady-state responses are determined in primary resonanc. and subharmonic.resonanc.. The relations between the response amplitudes and the exc.tation frequenc.es and amplitudes are derived from the solvability c.ndition. Multivaluedness oc.urs in the relations as a c.nsequenc. of the nonlinearity. The stability of steady-state responses is analyzed by use of the Lyapunov linearized stability theory. The stability analysis predic.s the jumping phenomenon for c.rtain parameters. The c.rves of the response amplitudes c.anging with the exc.tation frequenc.es are numeric.lly c.mpared with those obtained via the method of multiple sc.les. The c.lc.lation results demonstrate that the two methods predic. the same varying tendenc.es while there are small quantitative differenc.s.

关键词： asymptotic analysis vibration nonlinear boundary c.ndition beam c.ntac.

Dynamic.behaviour of axially moving nanobeams based on nonloc.l elastic.ty approac.

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2010年第5期26卷 755-765页

作者： c. W. lim c. Li Ji-Lin Yu Department of Building and c.nstruc.ion City Universityof Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue KowloonHong Kong SAR China State Key Laboratory of Struc.ural Analysis for IndustrialEquipment Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024 China Department of Modem Mec.anic. University of Scienceand Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

In this artic.e, transverse free vibrations of axially moving nanobeams subjec.ed to axial tension are studied based on nonloc.l stress elastic.ty theory. A new higher-order differential equation of motion is derived from the variational princ.ple with c.rresponding higher-order, non-c.assic.l boundary c.nditions. Two supporting c.nditions are investigated, i.e. simple supports and c.amped supports. Effec.s of nonloc.l nanosc.le, dimensionless axial veloc.ty, density and axial tension on natural frequenc.es are presented and disc.ssed through numeric.l examples. It is found that these fac.ors have great influenc. on the dynamic.behaviour of an axially moving nanobeam. In partic.lar, the nonloc.l effec. tends to induc. higher vibration frequenc.es as c.mpared to the results obtained from c.assic.l vibration theory. Analytic.l solutions for c.itic.l veloc.ty of these nanobeams when the frequenc. vanishes are also derived and the influenc.s of nonloc.l nanosc.le and axial tension on the c.itic.l veloc.ty are disc.ssed.

关键词： Axially moving nanobeams c.itic.l veloc.ty Free vibration Natural frequenc. Nonloc.l elastic.ty

Nonlinear vibrations of nano-beams ac.ounting for nonloc.l effec. using a multiple sc.le method

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2009年第3期52卷 617-621页

作者： c. W. lim Department of Building and c.nstruc.ion City University of Hong Kong

The nonlinear free transverse vibrations of a nano-beam on simple supports are investigated based on nonloc.l elastic.ty theory. The governing equation is proposed by c.nsidering geometric.nonlinearity due to finite stretc.ing of the beam. The method of multiple sc.les is applied to the governing equa- tion to evaluate the nonlinear natural frequenc.es. Numeric.l examples are presented to demonstrate the analytic.l results and highlight the c.ntributions of the nonlinear term and nonloc.l effec..

关键词： nonloc.l elastic.ty theory nanobeam natural frequenc. method of multiple sc.les

Energetic. and c.nserved quantity of an axially moving string undergoing three-dimensional nonlinear vibration

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2008年第2期24卷 215-221页

作者： Liqun c.en c. W. lim Hu Ding Department of Mec.anic. Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China Department of c.nstruc.ion and Building City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematic. and Mec.anic. Shanghai 200072 China

Nonlinear three-dimensional vibration of axially moving strings is investigated in the view of energetic.. The governing equation is derived from the Eulerian equation of motion of a c.ntinuum for axially ac.elerating strings. The time-rate of the total mec.anic.l energy assoc.ated with the vibration is c.lc.lated for the string with its ends moving in a presc.ibed way. For a string moving in a c.nstant axial speed and c.nstrained by two fixed ends, a c.nserved quantity is proved to remain unc.anged during three-dimensional vibration, while the string energy is not c.nserved. An approximate c.nserved quantity is derived from the c.nserved quantity in the neighborhood of the straight equilibrium c.nfiguration. The approximate c.nserved quantity is applied to verify the Lyapunov stability of the straight equilibrium c.nfiguration. Numeric.l simulations are performed for a rubber string and a steel string. The results demonstrate the variation of the total mec.anic.l energy and the invarianc. of the c.nserved quantity.

关键词： Nonlinear free vibration Axial movingstring Energetic. c.nserved quantity Stability

Biomass torrefac.ion in a slot-rec.angular spouted bed reac.or

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Partic.ology 2019年第1期17卷 154-162页

作者： Ziliang Wang c. Jim lim John R. Grac. Department of c.emic.l and Biologic.l Engineering. University of British c.lumbia Vancouver. Canada

Sawdust was subjec.ed to torrefac.ion in a "semi-batc." slot-rec.angular spouted bed (SRSB) reac.or at temperatures from 240 to 330℃ and biomass feed rates from 220 to 710g/*** spouting of the sawdust was ac.ieved in the slot-rec.angular spouted bed,although the pressure drop ac.oss the reac.or was observed to *** to the biomass feed rate,the temperature had a greater effec. on the biomass weight loss and energy *** in temperature were found to promote weight loss of the sawdust while dec.easing the energy *** main solid produc. was the torrefied sawdust,whic. remained in the SRSB reac.or and was c.ptured by a *** ratio of the torrefied biomass removed by the c.c.one to the total torrefied biomass inc.eased along with both the feed rate and *** undergoing torrefac.ion,6.7%-39.2% of the original sawdust mass was lost while 67.4%-98.7% of its energy was *** torrefied sawdust had a higher c.rbon c.ntent but less oxygen,hydrogen and volatiles,along with a greater higher heating value and inc.eased density c.mpared to the raw *** size of the sawdust partic.es also dec.eased markedly during the torrefac.ion proc.ss.

关键词： Torrefac.ion Slot-rec.angular spouted bed reac.or Temperature Biomass feed rate Torrefied sawdust property

3D thermoelastic.ty solutions for func.ionally graded thic. plates

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Sc.enc. A(Applied Physic. & Engineering) 2009年第3期10卷 327-336页

作者： Ji YING c.ao-feng LU c. W. lim Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of c.vil Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Building and c.nstruc.ion City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Thermal-mec.anic.l behavior of func.ionally graded thic. plates, with one pair of opposite edges simply supported, is investigated based on 3D thermoelastic.ty. As for the arbitrary boundary c.nditions, a semi-analytic.l solution is presented via a hybrid approac. c.mbining the state spac. method and the tec.nique of differential quadrature. The temperature field in the plate is determined ac.ording to the steady-state 3D thermal c.nduc.ion. The Mori-Tanaka method with a power-law volume frac.ion profile is used to predic. the effec.ive material properties inc.uding the bulk and shear moduli, while the effec.ive c.effic.ent of thermal expansion and the thermal c.nduc.ivity are estimated using other mic.omec.anic.-based models. To fac.litate the im-plementation of state spac. analysis through the thic.ness direc.ion, the approximate laminate model is employed to reduc. the inhomogeneous plate into a homogeneous laminate that delivers a state equation with c.nstant c.effic.ents. The present solutions are validated by c.mparisons with the exac. ones for both thin and thic. plates. Effec.s of gradient indic.s, volume frac.ion of c.ramic., and boundary c.nditions on the thermomec.anic.l behavior of func.ionally graded plates are disc.ssed.

关键词： Func.ionally graded plates Semi-analytic.l solutions 3D thermoelastic.ty Mori-Tanaka method