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Different Analytical Methods of Para-Phenylenediamine Based Hair Dye

Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2013年第3期3卷 17-25页

作者： hatem abdel moniem ahmed Ragaa Mohamed abdel Maaboud Fathy Fahim Abdul Latif Adel Mohamed Kamal El-Dean Kamal Mohamed El-Shaieb Eugenio Vilanova Carmen Estevan Chemistry De- partment Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Forensic Chemistry Faculty of Forensic Sciences Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety University Miguel Hernández of Elche Elche Spain Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety University Miguel Hernández of Elche Elche Spain.

Many cases of toxicity and mortality either due to accidental or deliberate ingestion of hair dyes were reported in Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, India and Tunisia. In the field of forensic analytical toxicology, the identification and quantification of chemicals are essential in deaths related to intoxication. The aim of the present study is to conduct chemico-analytical characterization of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) based hair dye of (Black stone hair dye, SHD) currently used for dying hear in Egypt, to confirm the identification of its components, that may be potentially toxic on oral or dermal exposure, this study uses comparison between different analytical methods. The applied analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma/MS (ICP/MS), witch used to determine the metal components of the dye, high performance liquid chromatography/MS (HPLC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PPD in the dye. A derivatization method was applied by transforming PPD (aromatic amines) into corresponding imine derivatives. This compound was prepared by condensation of 4-methylbenzeneamine with benzaldehyed to give N-benzylidene-4-methylbenzene-amine, which is a very stable internal standard. ICP/MS analysis revealed that most metal components of hair dye are Be, Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zr, where HPLC/MS analysis revealed that PPD is the main ingredient of SHD. Derivatization is necessary for accurate determination of PPD in hair dye by GC/MS method and this results could not be obtained by direct injection of dye (without derivatization).

关键词： PPD PPD1 Stone Hair Dye ICP HPLC/MS and GC/MS

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Evaluation of the Toxicity of Stone Hair Dye ＆ Paraphenylenediamine by MTT Bioassays in Vitro

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第5期4卷 36-40页

作者： hatem abdel moniem ahmed Fathy Fahim Abdul Latif Adel Mohamed Kamal El-Dean Ragaa Mohamed abdel Maaboud Kamal Mohamed EI-Shaieb Eugenio Vilanova Carmen Estevan Assiut Lab.of Medico-legal Department Ministry of JusticeAssuit BranchEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityEI-Minia 61519Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Department of Forensic Medicine&Toxicology Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical SafetyUniversity Miguel Hernhndez of Elche(Alicante)Spain

Para-phenylenediamine （PPD）, tile main toxic ingredients of hair dyes, have been used by millions of consumers to improve their appearance. Stone Hair Dye （SHD） mainly contain PPD. SHD and PPD were evaluated by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazdium bromide or MTT assay, which measures mitochondria metabolism in the entire cell culture and provides information about the percentage of cell survival. Utilizing the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of SHD and PPD was determining on SH Sy5y culture from nervous system of rat. The short term exposure SH Sy5y culture were incubated with various aqueous solutions of different concentrations of SHD and PPD, and the LC50 of SHD and para-phenylenediamine was found to be 9.15 and 12.4 mg/ml. With increasing the concentration, cytotoxicity effect increase in PPD and SHD. There is a significant differences （P〈0.01） of cytotoxicity among concentrations used. It concluded that in vitro assay could give important information of the mechanism of toxicity at low dosages.

关键词： SH-Sy5y cells SHD&PPD in vitro method MTT assay

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Site Suitability Evaluation for Sustainable Distribution of Hospital Using Spatial Information Technologies and AHP: A Case Study of Upper Egypt, Aswan City

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2016年第5期8卷 578-594页

作者： Asmaa H. ahmed hatem Mahmoud abdel Monteleb M. Aly Department of Architecture Aswan University Aswan Egypt Department of Architecture Asyut University Asyut Egypt

Site selection for location of a hospital is one of the crucial policy-related decisions taken by the government. In upper Egypt, the cities suffer from a shortage and bad distribution of hospital site. The selection of the appropriate hospital site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation factor. We develop a Multi-Criteria Decision Support System (MCDSS) process that combines Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and use this process to determine the optimum site for a new hospital in the Aswan urban area. Based on actual conditions Aswan city, we used three main factors and seven sub-factors. The main factors are urban, environmental and economic factors. An application adopting AHP process was developed to calculate weights of every factor. Spatial analysis in GIS was used to overlay and generate factors maps and suitability evaluation map. All maps are classified from 1 (low suitable) to 5 (high suitable) using spatial information technologies. The candidate sites are divided by best, good and unsuitable hospital areas. Best hospital site represents optimal sites;good hospital site can be used as back-up candidate sites. The study was found that best area (S3) is about 30%, and most of these are located in the south part of the study area;good area (S2) is about 58%, and most of these are located in the central part of the study area;unsuitable area (S1) is about 12%, and most of these are located in the Eastern and Western parts of the study area. Finally, the study ends with an assessment of proposed sites.

关键词： Site Suitability Evaluation Geographic Information System (GIS) MCDSS Hospital Sitting Spatial Analysis

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Safety and efficacy of Hansenula-derived PEGylated-interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin combination in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4681-4691页

作者： Suzan El Naghi Tawhida Y abdel-Ghaffar Hanaa El-Karaksy Elham F abdel-Aty Mona S El-Raziky Aleef A Allam Heba Helmy Hanaa A El-Araby Behairy E Behairy Mohamed A El-Guindi hatem El-Sebaie Aisha Y abdel-Ghaffar Nermin A Ehsan ahmed M El-Hennawy Mostafa M Sira Pediatric Department National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute11441 CairoEgypt Yassin abdel Ghaffar Charity Center for Liver Disease and Research 2851 CairoEgypt Pediatric Department Ain Shams University11566 CairoEgypt Department of Pediatrics Cairo University Pediatric Hospital11562 CairoEgypt Pediatric Hepatology Department National Liver InstituteMenofiya UniversityShebin El-koom32511 MenofiyaEgypt Biochemistry Department National Liver Institute32511 MenofiyaEgypt Clinical Pathology Department Ain Shams University11566 CairoEgypt Pathology Department National Liver InstituteMenofiya UniversityShebin El-koom32511 MenofiyaEgypt Pathology Department Cairo UniversityFaculty of MedicineKasr El-Aini11562 CairoEgypt

AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a Hansenula-derived PEGylated (polyethylene glycol) interferon (IFN)-alpha-2a (Reiferon Retard) plus ribavirin customized regimen in treatment-naïve and previously treate... 详细信息

关键词： Children Chronic hepatitis C Hansenula polymorpha PEGylated interferon Response rate Ribavirin Treatment

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Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and micro-RNA in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第11期25卷 1366-1377页

作者： Tarek Besheer hatem Elalfy Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud ahmed Abd El-Razek Saher Taman Khaled Zalata Wagdy Elkashef Hossam Zaghloul Heba Elshahawy Doaa Raafat Wafaa Elemshaty Eman Elsayed abdel-Hady El-Gilany Mahmoud El-Bendary Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Mansoura Faculty of Medicine-Mansoura University Department of Diagnostic Radiology Mansoura Faculty of Medicine-Mansoura University Department of Pathology Mansoura Faculty of Medicine-Mansoura University Department of Clinical Pathology Mansoura Faculty of Medicine-Mansoura University Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Mansoura Faculty of Medicine-Mansoura University

BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise in the detection and quantification of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, the liver has numerous endogenous micro-RNAs(miRs) that play important roles in the regulation of biological processes such as cell proliferation and hepatic *** To assess diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and miRs in diagnosing and staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis *** This prospective study included 208 patients and 82 age-and sex-matched controls who underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen, miR profiling, and liver biopsy. Pathological scoring was classified according to the METAVIR scoring system. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and miR were calculated and correlated with pathological *** The ADC value decreased significantly with the progression of fibrosis, from controls(F0) to patients with early fibrosis(F1 and F2) to those with late fibrosis(F3 and F4)(median 1.92, 1.53, and 1.25 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s, respectively)(P = 0.001).The cut-off ADC value used to differentiate patients from controls was 1.83 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.992. Combining ADC and miR-200 b revealed the highest AUC(0.995) for differentiating patients from controls with an accuracy of 96.9%. The cut-off ADC used to differentiate early fibrosis from late fibrosis was 1.54 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s with an AUC of 0.866. The combination of ADC and miR-200 b revealed the best AUC(0.925) for differentiating early fibrosis from late fibrosis with an accuracy of 80.2%. The ADC correlated with miR-200 b(r =-0.61, P = 0.001), miR-21(r =-0.62, P = 0.001), and miR-29(r = 0.52,P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Combining ADC and miRs offers an alternative surrogate non-invasive diagnostic tool for diagnosing and staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

关键词： Diffusion Magnetic resonance imaging Fibrosis Liver Hepatitis C virus Micro-RNA

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Organotin Compounds in Sediments of Northern Lakes, Egypt

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第17期5卷 1654-1666页

作者： Mohamed A. Shreadah Safaa A. abdel Ghani Hamada B. I. Hawash Asia Abd El Samie Abd El moniem M. ahmed National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Alexandria Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

This pioneered study is aimed to determine the levels and distributions of organotin compounds (OTCs) in sediment samples collected from five Egyptian lakes located in the southern-eastern Mediterranean Sea. The paper has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread distribution of Tributyltin (TBT) in northern lakes. The percentage of TBT ranged from 4% - 100% OTC revealing recent inputs of TBT. The highest average of TBT (2.84 μg/g Sn dry wt) was measured in lake Edku. Dibutyltin (DBT) was observed at most sampled sites. Relatively higher abundance of DBT was observed in sediments of EL-Burullus (0.69 μg/g Sn dry wt). One of most significant findings to emerge from this study is the absence of any strong and significant correlation between TBT and DBT in sediments from five northern lakes. The absence of such correlation might give a clear evidence that both compounds did not come from the same source. The observed OTC levels indicate some highly localized areas of contamination which are severe enough to cause harmful effects on marine flora and fauna. Except for El-Burllus, Triphenyltin (TPhT) was not measured in sediments of most stations. TPhT was the predominant species in El-Burullus, which indicate a source of pollution mostly originated from industrial and agricultural waste water discharge, organic wastes, commercial fertilizers, chemical wastes and pesticides. The percentages of OTC to total tin ranged from 1% to 35%. El-Brullus, Edku and El-Bardaweel exhibited the highest percentages. As a result of lack of enforcement on the control of OTC, the study has thrown up many questions need further detailed environmental assessment of OTC.

关键词： Organotin Compounds Sediments Lakes Egypt

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Mercury and Methyl Mercury in Sediments of Northern Lakes-Egypt

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第3期3卷 254-261页

作者： Mohamed A. Shreadah Safaa A.abdel Ghani Asia Abd El Samie Taha moniem M. Abd El ahmed Hamada B. I. Hawash Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Alexandria Egypt

Fifty-four sediment samples of the five Northern Egyptian lakes, (Mariout, Edku, El-Burullus, El-Manzallah, and El-Bardaweel) were analyzed to investigate the pollution status of mercury (Hg). The total mercury (T-Hg) content in sediment samples ranged from 15.33 to 171.29 ng·g–1 dry wt).The results showed that T-Hg were lower than the back ground values reported and also lower than the ranges of uncontaminated sediments. Moreover, the T-Hg concentrations in all sediments were under the upper chemical Exceedance level (1 μg·g–1). The concentrations of Methyl mercury (MeHg) in surface sediments of the Northern lakes ranged from 0.002 - 0.023 ng·g–1 dry wt. The contribution of MeHg was less than 0.1% of total mercury concentration with index values from 0.08 - 1.37 ng·g–1;dry wt). MeHg showed insignificant correlation with T-Hg. This suggested that MeHg contents were not controlled by the T-Hg in sediments. The T-Hg and MeHg concentrations were insignificantly correlated with TOC content which indicates that the concentration of T-Hg and MeHg in sediments of Northern lakes were not influence by TOC. The average T-Hg concentration was found in the following order;Mariout > El-Manzallah > El-Burullus > Edku > El-Bardaweel. While the MeHg was found in the order;El-Bardaweel > El-Burullus ≥ El-Manzallah > Mariout > Edku.

关键词： Mercury Methyl mercury Northern Lakes Egypt

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