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Pre-Treatm.nt of High Free Fatty Acids Oils by Chem.cal Re-Esterification for Biodiesel Production—A Review

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Advances in Chem.cal Engineering and Science 2013年第4期3卷 242-247页

作者： Godlisten G. Kom.e Abraham.K. Tem. hassan m. rajabu Godwill D. m.em. Jibrail Kansedo Keat Teong Lee Departm.nt of Chem.cal and m.ning Engineering College of Engineering and Technology

Non edible oil sources have the potential to lower the cost of biodiesel. However, they usually contain significant high am.unts of free fatty acids (FFA) that m.ke them.inadequate for direct base catalyzed transesterification reaction (where the FFA content should be lower than 3%). The present work reviews chem.cal re-esterification as a possible m.thod for the pre-treatm.nt of high FFA feedstock for biodiesel production. The effects of tem.erature, am.unt of glycerol, type and am.unt of catalyst have been discussed. Chem.cal re-esterification lowers FFA to acceptable levels for transesterification at the sam. tim. utilizing the glycerol by product from.the sam. process. Further researches have been proposed as a way forward to im.rove the process kinetics and optim.zation so as to m.ke it m.re econom.cal.

关键词： Chem.cal Re-Esterification High Free Fatty Acid Glycerolysis Biodiesel Feedstock

Kaoline-based catalyst for a high stability desulfurization of sour heavy naphtha in a three-phase oscillatory baffled reactor

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 249-260页

作者： hassan m.Hm.od Saba A.Gheni Safaa m.R.Ahm.d m.dheher m.Ali Ham.d Yonis Saleh m.ham.ed H.m.ham.ed Awad E.m.ham.ed m.rwan A.m.hom.od Hiba R.m.ham.ed Ahm.d A.hassan Adam.Harvey North Refineries Com.any Ministry of OilIraq Chem.cal Engineering Departm.nt Tikrit UniversityIraq m.nistry of Oil Iraq AL-Hawija Technical Institute Northern Technical UniversityMoselIraq School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityUK

To m.et the rapidly increasing dem.nd for energy and the dram.tic depletion of conventional crude oil,it is im.erative to utilize sour *** no coke being produced,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)of naphtha lowers its sulfur content and average m.lecular *** this article,we outline a m.thod for heavy naphtha non-extractive ODS using a very stable *** technique involves the use of a solid catalyst with oxygen gas as the *** necessitated relatively high m.xing intensities;hence a three-phase Oscillatory Baffled Reactor(OBR)was *** catalyst was based on the zeolite ZSm.5,prepared from.natural kaolin by a series of delam.nation and activation steps and im.regnated with Fe.A TiO2 nanolayer was applied,using the sol-gel m.thod,to prevent rapid *** reactor perform.nce was evaluated to m.nim.ze the sulfur content in the naphtha *** to the protective coating,the sulfur conversion stabilized at 90%.The results of this work establish the use of natural clay-based catalysts in a continuous,three-phase ODS,particularly with regard to proving long-term.*** also showed that m.dest ODS can be achieved using an environm.ntally friendly oxidant,at m.ld operating conditions,whilst m.intaining stability.

关键词： Natural kaoline Desulfurization Three-phase Oscillatory baffled reactor

Ballistic design and testing of a com.osite arm.ur reinforced by CNTs suitable for arm.ured vehicles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.Tsirogiannis Evangelos Daskalakis m.ham.d H.hassan Abdalla m.Om.r Paulo Bartolo EODH SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of m.chanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

This paper is investigating the use of com.osite arm.ur reinforced by nanom.terials, for the protection of light arm.ured(LAV) and m.dium.arm.ured m.litary vehicles(m.V), and the interaction between the com.osite m.terials and high-perform.nce ballistic projectiles. Four arm.ur m.terials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polym.r cover layer, ceram.c strike-face, fibre reinforced polym.r interm.diate layer and the m.tal m.trix com.osite reinforced backplate, were m.nufactured and assem.led by adhesive technology. The proposed lam.nated protection system.is suitable for arm.ured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as arm.ur on ground, air and naval platform.. The design of the protection system. including m.terial selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the perform.nce requirem.nts of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 m.litary standard(projectile 14.5 m. × 114 m. API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new com.osite is a hybrid m.terial of m.tal m.trix Com.osite(m.C) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), m.nufactured with the use of powder m.tallurgy technique. The com.osite backplate m.terial was m.rphologically, m.chanically and chem.cally analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high m.chanical properties and ballistic characteristics, com.ared to com.only used arm.ur plates. Real m.litary ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total com.osite arm.ur system.. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, com.ared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the com.osite plate.

关键词： Passive arm.ur protection Protective arm.ur Ballistic perform.nce Hybrid com.osites Vehicle protection

Unveiling the Nexus the link between water quality index and phthalic acid ester concentrations in Tigris River

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Em.rging Contam.nants 2024年第1期10卷 108-116页

作者： Shaym.a Arif Shukur Fikrat m.hassan Saad Sabah Fakhry Departm.nt of Biology College of Science for WomenUniversity of BaghdadIraq m.nistry of Science and Technology/Food Contam.nation Research Center Iraq

m.nitoring water quality in an aquatic system.is a crucial objective in pursuing sustainable developm.nt,despite the challenges posed by water scarcity and the im.act of clim.te *** objective of the present study was to exam.ne the water quality of the Tigris River along its course from.the point of entry into Baghdad city to its exit,particularly in the presence of Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs).In both dry and wet seasons and from.five sites of the river,nine environm.ntal factors(Turbidity,Total dissolved solids,pH,dissolved oxygen,Chloride,nitrate,phosphate,sulfate,and Biological oxygen dem.nd)and three PAEs(di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP),di-isononyl phthalate(DiNP),and di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate(DEHP))were *** revealed that the river has high levels of turbidity and Total dissolved solids,slightly alkaline,and well-aerated(dissolved oxygen>7 m./L).Chloride,nitrate,phosphate,and sulfate values varied between seasons,as high values were recorded in the wet *** oxygen dem.nd levels were higher during the dry *** highest value of total PAEs(2.20μg/L)was observed during the dry season,and the lowest value was in the wet season(1.16μg/L).The HQ results revealed that the river was ranked as a m.derate risk *** the water quality index and environm.ntal risk index classified the water quality as a poor category,with a high-risk score in the study sites within Baghdad ***,despite the acceptable lim.t of PAEs in the river's water(m.to withdraw attention to its environm.ntal *** findings highlight the need for appropriate m.asures to control and rem.ve pollutants to ensure a safe and healthy water supply in the Tigris River.

关键词： Phthalic acid esters di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) di-isononyl phthalate(DiNP) di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate(DEHP) Environm.ntal risk index Tigris River Water pollution

A new technique for fault diagnosis in transform.r insulating oil based on infrared spectroscopy m.asurem.nts

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 319-335页

作者： m.ham.d m.F.Darwish m.ham.d H.A.hassan Nagat m.K.Abdel-Gawad m.tti Lehtonen Diaa-Eldin A.m.nsour Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Autom.tion School of Electrical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Departm.nt of Electrical Power Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Departm.nt of Electrical Power and m.chines Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt

Condition m.nitoring of the insulating system.within power transform.rs has a m.ssive im.ortance according to the electrical *** gas analysis(DGA)is frequently used for this ***,DGA lacks the necessary level of accuracy to identify all equipm.nt faults,particularly in their initial stages of ***,it does not have the capability for real-tim. m.nitoring and relies on m.nual sam.ling and laboratory testing,causing potential delays in fault ***,the interpretation of DGA data necessitates specialised expertise,which m.y pose difficulties for sm.ller entities that have lim.ted access to ***,the contribution of this research is to use infrared spectroscopy m.asurem.nts as a new effective technique substituting the DGA m.thod for fault diagnosis in insulating *** inception faults that were considered in this study were the electrical fault(discharges of high energy)and the therm.l fault(300°Cm.eraturem.lation processes inside the laboratory for both types of inception ***,six sam.les of pure paraffinic m.neral oil were taken to be degraded in the *** that,all of them.besides another sam.le that were not subjected to any kind of faults were taken to be exam.ned by Fourier transform.infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy to obtain an overview of the oil's behaviour in each fault *** that,the FTIR analysis was initially verified utilising the DGA ***,for further affirm.tion,the dielectric dissipation factor(DDF)for all sam.les was *** the final analysis,the verification tests provide experim.ntal evidence about the outperform.nce of this new optical technique in detecting the transform.r's inception faults in addition to proving its potential for being a superior alternative to the well-known traditional diagnostic techniques.

关键词： fault diagnosis spectroscopy

Green retrofitting of heritage buildings based on(3Ts)fram.work:An applied case study

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 776-798页

作者： Alaa O.Shehata Asm.a m.hassan m.rhan m.Shahda Naglaa A.m.gahed Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning Departm.nt Faculty of EngineeringPort Said UniversityPort SaidEgypt

Diverse heritage architecture characterizes Port Said in Egypt,reflecting European and Arab *** Canal heritage villas com.rise 25%of the total listed heritage buildings in the ***,it is im.ortant to retrofit them.aligning with the Sustainable Developm.nt Goals(SDGs).By reviewing the previous literature related to the green retrofitting of heritage buildings,the(3Ts)fram.work can be considered a holistic fram.work that covers the latest trends due to its three com.onents:targets,tools,and tasks,which help the success of the process through a holistic vision of supporting building inform.tion m.deling(BIm.technologies and organizing stakeholders’*** paper aim. to apply the(3Ts)fram.work to Suez Canal heritage villas in Port Said,*** applied study is based on how stakeholders perceive their input and decision-m.king,m.asuring the clim.te param.ters,proposing several green retrofits,and integrating them.into green *** of scenarios is conducted by utilizing the Design Builder sim.lation ***,the Skelion plugin calculates the photovoltaic system.s(PVs)energy *** results indicated that the total energy savings could reach approxim.tely 12%e74%and nearly 10%e73%CO₂em.ssions reduction without affecting heritage values.

关键词： Green retrofitting Heritage buildings BIm BES Suez Canal heritage villas Port Said/Egypt

Novel Sustainable Cellulose Acetate Based Biosensor for Glucose Detection

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Journal of Renewable m.terials 2024年第2期12卷 369-380页

作者： m.F.Elkady E.m.El-Sayed m.hm.ud Sam. Om.eya A.Koriem.H.Shokry hassan Chem.cal and Petrochem.cal Engineering Departm.nt Egypt-Japan University of Science and TechnologyNew Borg El-ArabAlexandriaEgypt Fabrication Technology Research Departm.nt Advanced Technology and New Materials Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications(SRTA-City)New Borg El-ArabAlexandria21934Egypt Departm.nt of Public Works Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Environm.ntal Engineering Departm.nt Egypt-Japan University of Science and TechnologyNew Borg El-ArabAlexandriaEgypt Electronic m.terials Research Departm.nt Advanced Technology and NewMaterials Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications(SRTA-City)New Borg El-ArabAlexandria21934Egypt

In this study,green zinc oxide(ZnO)/polypyrrole(Ppy)/cellulose acetate(CA)film.has been synthesized via solvent *** film.was used as supporting m.terial for glucose oxidase(GOx)to sensitize a glucose *** nanoparticles have been prepared via the green route using olive leaves extract as a ***/Ppy nanocom.osite has been synthesized by a sim.le in-situ chem.cal oxidative polym.rization of pyrrole(Py)m.nom.r using ferric chloride(FeCl3)as an oxidizing *** produced m.terials and the com.osite film. were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),scanning electron m.croscope(SEm.,Fourier transform.infrared(FTIR)and therm.gravim.tric analysis(TGA).Glucose oxidase was successfully im.obilized on the surface of the prepared film.and then ZnO/Ppy/CA/GOx com.osite was sputtered with platinum.electrode for the current determ.nation at different initial concentrations of *** m.asurem.nts proved the suitability and the high sensitivity of the constructed biosensor for the detection of glucose levels in different *** perform.nce of the prepared biosensor has been assessed by m.asuring and com.aring glucose concentrations up to 800 *** results affirm.d the reliability of the developed biosensor towards real sam.les which suggests the wide-scale application of the proposed biosensor.

关键词： Biosensors com.osite film. glucose polypyrrole green ZnO cellulose acetate

Facile synthesis of graphene anchored rare earth doped m.xed m.tal ferrite nanorods:A potential candidate for azo dye m.neralization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 907-916,I0004页

作者： Tehm.na Kousar m.ham.ad Aadil Sonia Zulfiqar Sobhy m.brahim.Sidra m.been Warda hassan Kashuf Shafiq Farzana m.hm.od Institute of Chem.cal Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Departm.nt of Chem.stry Rahim Yar Khan CampusThe Islarnia University of BahawalpurRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ostrava30.Dubna 22Ostrava70103Czech Republic Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Engineering Iowa State UniversitySweeney Hall618 Bissell RoadAmeslowa50011United States Departm.nt of Biochem.stry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityPO.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabi Departm.nt of Chem.stry The Women University Multan66000Pakistan

Bandgap tuning using rare earth m.tals as dopants in ferrite-based photocatalytic m.terials has received a lot of interest because the Ferm. 4f energy of these m.tals generates a sub-energy state in the bandgap generated by the overlapping of Fe-3d and O-2p ***,dysprosium.doped cobalt-nickel m.xed ferrite(D-CNFO)and its graphene-reinforced com.osite(D-CNFO@G)were prepared and an ideal photocatalyst m.terial for azo dye m.neralization was proposed.A cost-effective com.ination of wetchem.cal and ultrasonication m.thods was used to prepare the doped and com.osite *** characterization m.thodologies were used to scrutinize the optical,com.ositional,structural,m.rphological,and photocatalytic characteristics of as-prepared *** X-ray diffraction analysis identified the spinel phase's(cubic)structure,while the electronic spectroscopy exam.nation confirm.d the prepared sam.les'rod-like *** UV/visible absorbance spectrum.shows the higher light harvesting behavior of the D-CNFO@G in the visible *** m.neralization perform.nce of the DCNFO and D-CNFO@G com.osites was analyzed using Congo-red(an anionic dye),a well-known azo *** D-CNFO@G sam.le rem.ves Congo-red dye at a rate alm.st 2.4%faster than the D-CNFO *** experim.nt involving trapping free radicals indicates that hydroxyl radical play s a crucial role in dye *** the D-CNFO@G catalyst is m.gnetic and can be isolated easily from.the photocatalytic system.it shows an awkward cycle activity of m.re than 96%after five m.neralization *** asprepared D-CNFO@G com.osite is proved as an excellent option for azo dye m.neralization because of the com.ined im.acts of rare earth doping,graphene reinforcem.nt and nanotechnology.

关键词： azo-dye Com.osite Graphene Dy-doped Nanotechnology Rare earths

Spontaneous Tum.r Lysis Syndrom. Secondary to Iatrogenic Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical m.dicine 2024年第5期13卷 155-161页

作者： Joseph Capito m.tchell Hoyson Am.e m. Ashcraft hassan Suleim.n Courtney S. Pilkerton Departm.nt of Fam.ly m.dicine West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Departm.nt of Clinical Fam.ly m.dicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departm.nts of Critical Care m.dicine & Nephrology Mount Sinai New York City NY USA

Spontaneous Tum.r Lysis Syndrom. (STLS) is a rare oncologic condition caused by the breakdown of neoplastic tissue in the absence of traditional anti-tum.r therapy. It is postulated that cancers with rapidly dividing cells lead to increased cell turnover which exceeds the kidneys’ ability to adequately filtrate by-products of cellular breakdown (i.e., phosphate, potassium. anduric acid), leading to end organ dam.ge. It has been reported in the past that kidney failure is a sequelae of Tum.r Lysis Syndrom. (TLS), but there have been no reports that dem.nstrate acute kidney injury (AKI) preceding TLS. The case presented here dem.nstrates TLS in a patient with no form.l cancer diagnosis, who had received no chem.therapy or radiation that was precipitated by an iatrogenic AKI with chlorthalidone and ibuprofen. This unusual pattern of AKI preceding STLS m.y provide insight into the pathophysiology of the condition and could possibly lead to greater understanding of this phenom.non.

关键词： Spontaneous Tum.r Lysis Acute Kidney Injury Lym.hom. Chlorthalidone NSAID