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A review of salivary composition changes induced by fasting and its impact on health

Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 50-64页

作者： Nurul Fadhilah Kamalul Aripin NIdayu Zahid Mohd Aizat abdul Rahim hashim Yaacob Parvez I.Haris Zubaidah Haji AbdRahim Rauzah hashim School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARAShah Alam 40450Malaysia Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Faculty of DentistryUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia UMSC Dental Specialist Clinic UM Dentistry TowerUniversiti MalayaMedical CentreKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences De Montfort UniversityLeicester LE19BHUnited Kingdom Chancellery(Research and Innovation) Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

Human saliva is an indispensable fluid that maintains a healthy oral cavity which otherwise can lead to oral diseases(dental caries and periodontitis).In addition,salivary metabolites and microbiome profile provide early detection of systemic diseases such as cancer and *** diagnostic has gained popularity due to its non-invasive sampling ***(abstinence from food or drink or both)research for weight loss and improve health is common,but studies using fasting saliva are *** metabolites in fasting saliva have been reported with interesting results,which can be enhanced by considering different confounding *** example,fasting saliva contains higher salivary nitrite,which is related to nitric oxide(NO).NO is a vasodilator supporting the healthy function of endothelial cells and its deficiency is connected to many *** timely supply of NO through exogenous and endogenous means is highlighted and the potential advantage of fasting salivary composition changes in relation to COVID-19 infection is *** review aims to provide a general discussion on the salivary composition,properties,and functions of the whole saliva,including the health benefits of fasting.

关键词： Saliva Fasting Nitrate Nitrite Nitric oxide

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The Impact of Urban and Rural Education Gap on Student Achievement Differences

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2024年第9期8卷 145-150页

作者： Weiping Fu abdul Talib bin Mohamed hashim Faculty of Human Development Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris35900 Tanjong MalimPerakMalaysia

With our country’s social development,the gap between urban and rural education has become increasingly obvious,especially the difference in student *** study aims to explore the impact of the urban-rural education gap on student *** study adopts a quantitative analysis method to collect and analyze the academic performance,learning resources,and social resources of urban and rural *** results show that the unbalanced distribution of educational resources in urban and rural areas is the key factor leading to the gap in students’*** example,urban education resources are abundant while rural education resources are relatively *** the same time,the difference in social environment and family economic status also have a significant impact on student *** differences between urban and rural areas,particularly in terms of family economic conditions and their ability to invest in education,further widen the gap between urban and rural *** results of this study can provide a reference for reducing the gap between urban and rural education and improving the academic performance of rural students.A fair education policy is essential to narrow the gap between urban and rural education resources distribution,so as to improve the equality of education in society.

关键词： Urban and rural education gap Student achievement differences Allocation of educational resources Social and environmental differences Family economic situation

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Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Graphene/Glass Substrate via Electrochemical Deposition: Effects of Potassium Chloride and Hexamethylenetetramine as Supporting Reagents

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Nano-Micro Letters 2015年第4期7卷 317-324页

作者： Nur Ashikyn Hambali abdul manaf hashim Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The effects of the supporting reagents hexamethylenetetramine(HMTA)and potassium chloride(KCl)mixed in zinc nitrate hexahydrate(Zn(NO3)2 6H2O)on the morphological,structural,and optical properties of the resulting Zn O nanostructures electrodeposited on graphene/glass substrates were *** supporting reagent HMTA does not increase the density of nanorods,but it does remarkably improve the smoothness of the top edge surfaces and the hexagonal shape of the nanorods even at a low temperature of 75°***(OH-)ions from the HMTA suppress the sidewall growth of non-polar planes and promote the growth of Zn O on the polar plane to produce vertically aligned nanorods along the c *** contrast,the highly electronegative chlorine(Cl-)ions from the supporting reagent KCl suppress the growth of Zn O on the polar plane and promote the growth on non-polar planes to produce vertical stacking nanowall *** was found to be able to significantly improve the crystallinity of the grown Zn O structures,as indicated by the observation of much lower FWHM values and a higher intensity ratio of the emission in the UV region to the emission in the visible *** mixtures of Zn(NO3)2 6H2O and the supporting reagents HMTA and KCl seem to provide the optimum ratio of concentrations for the growth of high-density,uniform Zn O *** corresponding transmittances for such molar ranges are approximately 55–58%(HMTA)and 63–70%(KCl),which are acceptable for solar cell and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Zinc oxide Electrochemical deposition Graphene Nanorod Nanowall

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A Hybrid and Lightweight Device-to-Server Authentication Technique for the Internet of Things

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3805-3823页

作者： Shaha Al-Otaibi Rahim Khan hashim Ali Aftab Ahmed Khan Amir Saeed Jehad Ali Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan23200Pakistan Department of Computer Science and IT UET PeshawarJalozai Campus PeshawarPeshawar24240Pakistan Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499South Korea

The Internet of Things(IoT)is a smart networking infrastructure of physical devices,i.e.,things,that are embedded with sensors,actuators,software,and other technologies,to connect and share data with the respective server *** IoTs are cornerstones in different application domains,the device’s authenticity,i.e.,of server(s)and ordinary devices,is the most crucial issue and must be resolved on a priority ***,various field-proven methodologies were presented to streamline the verification process of the communicating devices;however,location-aware authentication has not been reported as per our knowledge,which is a crucial metric,especially in scenarios where devices are *** paper presents a lightweight and location-aware device-to-server authentication technique where the device’s membership with the nearest server is subjected to its location information along with other ***,Media Access Control(MAC)address and Advance Encryption Scheme(AES)along with a secret shared key,i.e.,λ_(i) of 128 bits,have been utilized by Trusted Authority(TA)to generate MaskIDs,which are used instead of the original ID,for every device,i.e.,server and member,and are shared in the offline ***,TA shares a list of authentic devices,i.e.,server S_(j) and members C_(i),with every device in the IoT for the onward verification process,which is required to be executed before the initialization of the actual communication ***,every device should be located such that it lies within the coverage area of a server,and this location information is used in the authentication process.A thorough analytical analysis was carried out to check the susceptibility of the proposed and existing authentication approaches against well-known intruder attacks,i.e.,man-in-the-middle,masquerading,device,and server impersonations,etc.,especially in the IoT ***,proposed authentication and existing state-of-the-art approaches have been s

关键词： Internet of things authenticity security location communication

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Open-Gate Undoped-AIGaN-GaN HEMT Structure for pH Sensing Application

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第7期4卷 1-6页

作者： Sharifabad Maneea Eizadi Zainal Abidin Mastura Shafinaz Mustafa Farahiyah hashim abdul manaf Abd Rahman Shaharin Fadzli abdul Rahman abdul Rahim Qindeel Rabia Omar Nurul Afzan Material Innovations and Nanoelectronics Research Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia Telekom Research and Development TM Innovation Centre Cyberjaya 63000 Malaysia

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Effect of quarry dust addition on the performance of controlled low-strength material made from industrial waste incineration bottom ash

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第6期19卷 536-541页

作者： Naganathan Sivakumar abdul Razak hashim abdul Hamid Siti Nadzriah Department of Civil Engineering University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Kualiti Alam Sendirian Berhad Port Dickson 71000Malaysia

The performance of industrial waste incineration bottom ash in controlled low-strength material （CLSM） was investigated in this paper, as the quarry dust was added. CLSM mixtures were made from the industrial waste incineration bottom ash, quarry dust, and cement. Tests for fresh density, bleeding, compressive strength, shear strength, hydraulic conductivity, and excavatability were carried out. The com- pressive strength ranges from 60 kPa to 6790 kPa, the friction angle varies from 5°to 19°, and the cohesion is from 4 to 604 kPa. Most of the mixtures are found to be non-excavatable. It is indicated that the quarry dust addition increases the compressive strength and shear parame- ters, decreases bleeding, and increases the removability modulus.

关键词： industrial waste treatment waste incineration ashes quarries dust hydraulic conductivity strength of materials

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Dynamical Comparison of Several Third-Order Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Equations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1951-1962页

作者： Obadah Said Solaiman Samsul Ariffin abdul Karim Ishak hashim Department of Mathematical Sciences Faculty of Science&TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi Selangor43600Malaysia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Center for Smart Grid Energy Research(CSMER)Institute of Autonomous SystemUniversiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri IskandarSeri IskandarPerak DR32610Malaysia

There are several ways that can be used to classify or compare iterative methods for nonlinear equations,for instance;order of convergence,informational efficiency,and efficiency *** this work,we use another way,namely the basins of attraction of the *** purpose of this study is to compare several iterative schemes for nonlinear *** the selected schemes are of the third-order of convergence and most of them have the same efficiency *** comparison depends on the basins of attraction of the iterative techniques when applied on several polynomials of different *** a comparison,we determine the CPU time(in seconds)needed by each scheme to obtain the basins of attraction,besides,we illustrate the area of convergence of these schemes by finding the number of convergent and divergent points in a selected range for all *** confirm the fact that basins of attraction differ for iterative methods of different orders,furthermore,they vary for iterative methods of the same order even if they have the same efficiency ***,this leads to the need for a new index that reflects the real efficiency of the iterative scheme instead of the commonly used efficiency index.

关键词： Nonlinear equations iterative methods basins of attraction order of convergence

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Synthesis of titanium oxycarbonitride by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of ilmenite with recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第4期24卷 444-454页

作者： Eltefat Ahmadi Ahmad Fauzi hashim Hussin Norlia Baharun Kamar Shah Ariffin Sheikh abdul Rezan School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus 14300 Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia

An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation(CTRN) process of ilmenite(FeTiO_3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H_2–N_2 atmosphere was proposed. The use of PET as an alternative source of carbon not only enhances the porosity of the pellets but also results in the separation of Fe from titanium oxycarbonitride(TiOxCyNz) particles because of the differences in surface tension. The experiments were carried out at 1250°C for 3 h using four different PET contents ranging from 25wt% to 100wt% in the reductant. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and LECO elemental analysis were used to study the phases and microstructures of the reduced samples. In the case of 75wt% PET,iron distinctly separated from the synthesized Ti OxCyNz phase. With increasing PET content in the sample,the reduction and nitridation rates substantially increased. The synthesis of an oxycarbonitride with stoichiometry of TiO_(0.02)C_(0.13)N_(0.85) with minimal intermediate titanium sub-oxides was achieved. The results also showed that the iron particles formed from CTRN of FeTiO_3 exhibited a spherical morphology,which is conducive for Fe removal via the Becher process.

关键词： carbothermal reduction nitridation polyethylene terephthalate titanium oxycarbonitride ilmenite

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Characterization of Nitrogen Uptake Pattern in Malaysian Rice MR219 at Different Growth Stages Using ^(15)N Isotope

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Rice science 2015年第5期22卷 250-254页

作者： Mohammad Mu'az hashim Mohd Khanif YUSOP Radziah OTHMAN Samsuri abdul WAHID Department of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture University Putra Malaysia

Nitrogen （N） use efficiency is usually less than 50%, and it remains a major problem in rice cultivation. Controlled release fertilizer （CRF） technology is one of the well-known efforts to overcome this problem. The efficiency of CRF, however, is very much dependent on the timing of nutrient release. This study was conducted to determine the precise time of N uptake by rice as a guideline to develop efficient CRF. Fertilizer N uptake by rice at different growth stages was investigated by using 15N isotopic technique. Rice was planted in pots, with 15N urea as N source at the rate of 120 kg/hm2. Potassium and phosphorus were applied at the same rate of 50 kg/hm2. Standard agronomic practices were employed throughout the growing periods. Rice plants were harvested every two weeks until maturation at the 14th week and analyzed for total N and 15N content. Nitrogen derived from fertilizer was calculated. Total N uptake in plants consistently increased until the 11th week. After that, it started to plateau and finally declined. Moreover, N utilization by rice plants peaked at 50%, which occurred during the 11th week after transplanting. N derived from fertilizer in rice plants were in the range of 18.7% to 40.0% in all plant tissues. The remaining N was derived from soil. Based on this study, N release from CRF should complete by the 11th week after planting to ensure the maximum fertilizer N uptake by rice plants. Efficient CRF should contribute to higher N derived from fertilizer which also resulted in a higher total N uptake by rice plants, increasing the potential of rice to produce higher yield while at the same time of reducina loss.

关键词： nitrogen use efficienc rice controlled release fertilizer 15N isotope

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Degradation of chitosan for rice crops application

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2013年第B12期24卷 14-18页

作者： Norzita Yacob Maznah Mahmud Norhashidah Talip Kamaruddin hashim abdul Rahim Harun Khairul Zaman Hj Dahlan Malaysian Nuclear Agency 43000 Kajang Selangor MALAYSIA

A variety of techniques including chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, and radiation degradation processes can be used to prepare low molecular weight chitosan. Degradation of chitosan by radiation can be carried out in solid state and liquid state. Radiation degraded polysaccharides has been reported to exhibit growth-stimulating activity like phytohormones thatinduce the promotion in germination, shoot and root elongation in variety of plants. In this study, the chitosan was irradiated in solid state (powder form) by gamma rays within the dose range of 25?75 kGy. And the irradiated chitosan was then irradiated in solution form in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of irradiation on the molecular weight and viscosity of the chitosan were investigated using Ubbelohde Capillary Viscometer. The molecular weight and viscosity of the chitosan decreased with increment of absorbed doses. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the molecular weight of chitosan could be further decreased. The effect of radiation degraded chitosan on the growth promotion of rice was investigated and it was shown during seedling period of 15 days for transplanting whereby the growth is 15%?20% faster than using chemicals growth promoters.

关键词：降解壳聚糖脱乙酰壳多糖毛细管粘度计低分子量辐射降解应用作物水稻

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