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Dispersal Ability and Genetic Structure in Mytilid Mussels of Whale-Fall Communities

Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第3期5卷 295-305页

作者： Youki Fukasawa haruna kobayashi-iwatani Masaru Kawato Hideki kobayashi Yoshihiro Fujiwara Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Graduate School of Medical and Engineering Science Department of Education University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Department of Marine Biodiversity Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

Since organic falls are ephemeral and distributed sporadically, organisms in organic-fall communities must acquire high dispersal ability to migrate from one organic fall to another. However, the dispersal ability of obligate organic-fall organisms has not been investigated thoroughly and the stability of the genetic structure of their communities is unknown. In this study, in order to elucidate the dispersal ability and genetic structure in the organic-fall communities, we carried out population genetic analyses based on sequences of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 in two mytilid mussels.?Adipicola pacifica was obtained from whale and cow bones artificially settled in Japanese waters off Cape Noma (CN) and in the Nansei-Shoto Trench (NS) and Sagami Bay (SB), and Benthomodiolus geikotsucola from natural whale bones in the Torishima Seamount (TS);both species are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Genetic differentiation (Fst) indicated almost no annual change in genetic structure between 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007 collections of A. pacificafrom CN (depth 225 - 229 m), although the 2010 collection had somewhat different genetic structure from the others. Similarly, there was not significant genetic differentiation between 1993 and 2005 collections of *** from TS (depth 4020 m). The Fst and gene bidirectional mean rate of gene flow (Nm) indicated high gene flow and no significant genetic differentiation between A. pacifica specimens collected from CN, NS, and SB. The results suggest that the genetic structure is stable and A. pacifica has high dispersal ability. The mismatch distribution suggests that A. pacificaexpanded their distribution from SB to NS via CN, as expansion time (τ = 2ut) decreased from SB to CN and NS.

关键词： Chemosynthesis-Based Community Mitochondrial DNA Organic Falls Stepping Stone Hypothesis

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Knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 162-175页

作者： Prosper Iheanacho Okonkwo Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Bitrus Salome Kwaghal Bolarinwa Boluwatito Joel haruna Garba Department of Community Medicine & PHC Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good kn

关键词： Knowledge Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) Nosocomial Infections Medical Students

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Fournier’s Gangrene: A Review of Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) and Other Predictors of Mortality

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第7期14卷 391-399页

作者： Makama Baje Salihu haruna Liman Stephen Yusuf Aminu Umar Abraham Tunde Oladimeji Aremu Abdulrazak Urology Unit Department of Surgery Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Fournier gangrene is an acute and rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum, perianal and perineal region of the body. It is a polymicrobial infection having an interplay of both anaerobic and aerobic orgasms in a soup of microbial disaster. Fournier’s gangrene was also initially thought to be an idiopathic condition but a lot of risk factors have been associated now with this condition, both systemic risk factors and local. Systemic risk factors include diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, cancers, chronic liver disease, chronic steroid use etc. The local risk factors include perineal injuries, watering can perineum, perianal abscess, chronic perineal itching etc. Purpose: The swiftly flourishing bacteria orgasms cause a similar disruptive event in the body of the patients both clinically and biochemically and these can be used to create a predictive score or index for patients in order to assess the disease severity and guide in the management and prognostication of this condition. Materials and Method: Urology ward record books, clinic record books and operating theater records were used to identify patients managed for Fournier gangrene in ATBUTH Bauchi. A retrospective study of the medical files of all the patients managed from January 2011 to January 2024 was done. Folders were retrieved and the medical records were reviewed. Results: Of the 50 patients reviewed, Male to female ratio is 24:1. The mean age is 56 years (2 weeks to 97 years). Mortality rate was 34%. There is a significant difference between delayed presentation/initial use of unorthodox treatment with mortality (p = 0.002). Of the 17 patients that died, 15 had FGSI > 9 and of the 33 patients that survived 29 had FGSI 9 is 88.2% while the mortality rate for those with FGSI Conclusion: knowledge of the predictors of its mortality is necessary in other to help stratify patients and ensure the best response by the caregivers. FGSI, delayed presentation/initial patronage of unorthod

关键词： Fournier’s Gangrene FGSI Risk Factors Mortality

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Fournier’s Gangrene: 13-Year Experience in a Tertiary Center, North Eastern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第7期14卷 407-414页

作者： Makama Baje Salihu haruna Liman Stephen Yusuf Aminu Umar Oladimeji Abraham Tunde Ayodele Olufikayo Oshagbemi Amur Ibrahim Urology Unit Department of Surgery Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Fournier’s gangrene is a fulminant infection of the genitourinary tract characterized by progressive necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the external genitalia. Initially mainly seen involving the scrotum of elderly men with different moods of occurrence each unpleasantly lethal. With varying types of presentation only one thing has remained constant;the poor prognosis of this condition. Purpose/Aim: Thus, it’s important to study the trends of the presentation of this condition laying emphasis on the challenges in the management of these patients;both the negative and positive prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Urology ward record books, clinic record books and operating theater records were used to identify patients managed for Fournier gangrene in ATBUTH Bauchi. A retrospective study of the medical files of all the patients managed from January 2011 to January 2024 was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29. Results: Data from 47 patients seen during the period of study were carefully collected and analyzed. The age range is 2 weeks to 97 years. There were two neonates, one at 2nd week of life and the other at 3rd week. Mortality rate is 36%. The average time duration before presentation for patients that died was two weeks, a minimum of 9 days prior to presentation and a maximum of 21 days, about 10 of which came in septic shock and the remaining presented with fever and very extensive necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum. All the patients that died had diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity except the neonate. All the patients that survived were much younger, all were below 60 years of age (2 weeks - 53 years). Conclusion: Here, we share our experience managing patients with Fournier’s gangrene in our facility in the past 13-year period from January 2011 to January 2024. .

关键词： Fournier’s Gangrene Prognosis Elderly Presentation Treatment

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Air Quality Assessment of Ubeji Community near Petroleum-Related Activities

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2024年第2期13卷 57-71页

作者： Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede Oluwafunmilayo Mary haruna Harrison Agboro Prince Alex Ekhorutomwen Osasenaga Israel Otuomagie Christabel Ifuwe Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology College of Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Delta State Nigeria Department of Biology and Environmental Science College of Arts and Sciences University of New Haven West Haven USA Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Faculty of Environmental Science Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Asaba Nigeria

The escalating global concern over air pollution requires rigorous investigations. This study assesses air quality near residential areas affected by petroleum-related activities in Ubeji Community, utilizing Aeroqual handheld mobile multi-gas monitors and air quality multi-meters. Air sampling occurred on three distinct days using multi-gas monitors and meters, covering parameters such as CO, NO2, CH4, NH3, VOCs, Particulate Matter, Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Quality Index. Soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and organic components. Air pollutant concentrations showed significant fluctuations. Carbon monoxide (CO) ranged from 0.00 to 3.22 ppm, NO2 from 0.00 to 0.10 ppm, CH4 from 4.00 to 2083 ppm, NH3 from 371 to 5086 ppm, and VOCs from 414 to 6135 ppm. Soil analysis revealed low total nitrogen, and undetected BTEX levels. Plant samples displayed a pH range of 7.72 to 9.45. CO concentrations, although below WHO limits, indicated potential vehicular and industrial influences. Fluctuations in NO2 and CH4 were linked to traffic, industrial activities, and gas flaring. NH3 levels suggested diverse pollution sources. The result in this study highlights the dynamic nature of air pollution in Ubeji community, emphasizing the urgent need for effective pollution control measures. Although CO concentrations were within limits, continuous monitoring is essential. Elevated NO2 levels gave information on the impact of industrial activities, while high CH4 concentrations may be associated with gas flaring and illegal refining. The study recommends comprehensive measures and collaborative efforts to address these complex issues, safeguarding both the environment and public health. This study shows the potential synergy between air quality sensors and plants for holistic environmental health assessments, offering valuable insights for environmental assessments and remediation endeavours. The findings call for stringent regulations and

关键词： Air Quality Assessment Bioindicators Ubeji Community Pollution Assessment

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Swelling ability and behaviour of bentonite-based materials for deep repository engineered barrier systems:Influence of physical,chemical and thermal factors

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 689-702页

作者： Mohammed Alzamel Mamadou Fall Sada haruna Department of Civil Engineering University of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGR)to store nuclear *** study investigates the individual and combined effects of different chemical compositions of deep groundwaters(chemical factor)at potential repository sites in Canada(the Trenton and Guelph regions in Ontario),heat generated in DGRs(thermal factor),dry densities and mass ratios of bentonite and sand mixtures(physical factors)on the swelling behavior and ability of bentonite-based *** this study,swelling tests are conducted on B/S mixtures with different B/S mix ratios(20/80 to 70/30),compacted at different dry densities(ρd=1.6-2 g/cm^(3)),saturated with different types of water(distilled water and simulated deep groundwater of Trenton and Guelph)and exposed to different temperatures(20℃-80℃).Moreover,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)analyses are carried out to evaluate the morphological,microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the B/S *** test results indicate that the swelling potential of the B/S mixtures is significantly affected by these physical and chemical factors as well as the combined effects of the chemical and thermal factors.A significant decrease in the swelling capacity is observed when the B/S materials are exposed to the aforementioned groundwaters.A large decrease in the swelling capacity is observed for higher bentonite content in the ***,higher temperatures intensify the chemically-induced reduction of the swelling capacity of the B/S barrier *** decrease in the swelling capacity is caused by the chemical and/or microstructural changes of the *** results from this research will help engineers to design and build EBSs for DGRs with similar groundwater and thermal conditions.

关键词： Deep geological repository Engineered barrier Bentonite-sand materials Nuclear waste Swelling capacity Swelling strain

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Re-emergence of Ebola virus disease in Uganda:Should Southeast Asia countries be worried?

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第3期4卷 262-264页

作者： haruna Muhammad Daiyab Farouq Muhammad Dayyab Department of Medicine Murtala Mohammed Specialist HospitalKanoNigeria Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Mohammed Bin KhalifaBin Salman Al Khalifa Cardiac CenterAwaliBahrain

An outbreak of Ebola virus disease(EVD)(Sudan virus)was first reported in the Republic of Uganda on September 20,*** of November 17,2022,151 confirmed cases have been reported,including 55 deaths(with a case fatality rate among confirmed cases of 39%).During the EVD outbreak in 2013–2016,international travel played a significant role in the spread of the disease across national *** that time,several tasks requiring improvement were identified in the World Health Organization(WHO)Southeast Asia Region(SEAR),including inadequate risk communication and risk assessment,data management gaps for surveillance purposes,inadequate capacity in molecular diagnostic techniques,lack of adequate planning for a surge of cases,and inadequate isolation *** is therefore recommended that all countries of the WHO SEAR revisit their level of Ebola preparedness and address existing *** emergence and rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have reiterated that the world has become a global *** was confirmed by the spread of the monkeypox virus with cases reported in the WHO ***,given the weak health infrastructure in the region,complacency could wreak havoc on the healthcare system if another epidemic emerges without an adequate level of preparedness.

关键词： Ebola Uganda Southeast Asia Outbreak

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A Deep Learning Approach to Mesh Segmentation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第5期135卷 1745-1763页

作者： Abubakar Sulaiman Gezawa Qicong Wang haruna Chiroma Yunqi Lei Department of Computer Science School of InformaticsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Shenzen Research Institute Xiamen UniversityShenzen518000China College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Hafr Al BatinHafr Albatin39524Saudi Arabia

In the shape analysis community,decomposing a 3D shape intomeaningful parts has become a topic of interest.3D model segmentation is largely used in tasks such as shape deformation,shape partial matching,skeleton extraction,shape correspondence,shape annotation and texture *** approaches have attempted to provide better segmentation solutions;however,the majority of the previous techniques used handcrafted features,which are usually focused on a particular attribute of 3Dobjects and so are difficult to *** this paper,we propose a three-stage approach for using Multi-view recurrent neural network to automatically segment a 3D shape into visually meaningful *** first stage involves normalizing and scaling a 3D model to fit within the unit sphere and rendering the object into different *** viewpoints,on the other hand,might not have been associated,and a 3D region could correlate into totally distinct outcomes depending on the *** address this,we ran each view through(shared weights)CNN and Bolster block in order to create a probability boundary *** Bolster block simulates the area relationships between different views,which helps to improve and refine the *** stage two,the feature maps generated in the previous step are correlated using a Recurrent Neural network to obtain compatible fine detail responses for each ***,a layer that is fully connected is used to return coherent edges,which are then back project to 3D objects to produce the final *** on the Princeton Segmentation Benchmark dataset show that our proposed method is effective for mesh segmentation tasks.

关键词： Deep learning mesh segmentation 3D shape shape features

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Recent advances in the chemistry of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as fertilizers in soil:A review

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 385-406页

作者： Sharhabil Musa YAHAYA Aliyu Ahmad MAHMUD Mustapha ABDULLAHI Abdurrashid haruna Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture/Institute for Agricultural ResearchAhmadu Bello UniversityPrivate Mail Bag(P.M.B.)1044Zaria 810107(Nigeria) Faculty of Agriculture Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine“King Michael I of Romania”from TimisoaraTimisoara 300645(Romania) Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science Mewar UniversityChittorgarhGangrar 312901(India) Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Faculty of SciencesKaduna State UniversityTafawa Balewa WayP.M.B.2339Kaduna 741102(Nigeria) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Physical SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityP.M.B.1044Zaria 810107(Nigeria) Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PetronasPerak Darul RidzuanSeri Iskandar 32610(Malaysia)

The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural *** intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of available nutrients from soil,thereby demanding the application of excess nutrients to soil to improve ***,mineral fertilizer discovery and application have,in many ways,contributed greatly to meeting global food ***,aside from the positive effects of mineral fertilizers,their excessive application to soil produces large amounts of pollutants that affect environmental *** necessitates the study of the major mineral fertilizer elements(nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)),the forms in which they are applied to soil,and their chemistry/reactions in ***,we reviewed the forms of different N,P,and K mineral fertilizers to provide current knowledge on their constituents,the chemistry of N,P,and K in soil to understand the reactions they undertake in soil,the efficient methods of fertilizer application for environmental sustainability,the effects of mineral fertilizer loss to the environment,and improved fertilization technologies for environmental *** are a promising technology for sustainable agricultural production and are discussed in detail in this review.

关键词： biofertilizer environmental sustainability fertilizer application method fertilizer form mineral fertilizer nanofertilizer nutrient loss nutrient use efficiency

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Epidemiology of Mpox Outbreaks and Implications for Surveillance in Imo State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 206-212页

作者： Adeniyi A. Adeniran Ebubechi C. Eronini Olugbenga Asaolu Simisola Adedeji Adaeze Joy Ugwu Marcus Oludare Faith Ehiaghe Ugba Aibinuomo Ayomide Oluwaseyi Tella Adedamola Dania Oluyinka Olayiwola Olanike Suliat Oladele Tinuola Daniel Musa haruna Adebayo O. Amao John O. Ibitoye Oluwagbemiga Obembe Christopher Obanubi Abdulmalik Abubakar Department of Public and Allied Health Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Department of Public Health University of Suffolk Waterfront Building UK Department of Public Health EUCLID University Greater Bajul The Gambia Department of Public Health Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK College of Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Public Health Texila American University Georgetown Guyana School of Public Health University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Nursing Adeleke University Ede Nigeria Department of Public Health Central University of Nicaragua Managua Nicaragua Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja Nigeria Catholic Relief Services Abuja Nigeria Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria

Mpox disease is caused by a double-stranded DNA virus, genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. The incubation period is usually 6 to 13 days but can range from 5 to 21 days while symptoms and signs may persist for 2 to 5 weeks. Although, the clinical features are usually less severe when compared to the deadly smallpox, the disease can be fatal with case fatality rate between 1% and 10%. In Imo State, Nigeria, there has been a changing epidemiology of the disease in the last 6 years and the frequency and geographic distribution of cases have progressively increased. This study aims to conduct a review of the disease epidemiology between 2017 and 2023 and implications for surveillance in Imo State. Surveillance data from the Surveillance Outbreak Response and Management System (SORMAS) was extracted between January 2017 and December 2023 across the 27 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Imo State. A line list of 231 suspected cases was downloaded into an excel template and analyzed using SPSS® version 20 software. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and associations were tested using Fischer’s exact at 0.05 level of significance. Of the 231 suspected cases, 57.1% (132) were males, 42.9% (99) were females and the modal age group was between the ages of 0 - 4 (32.5%). Eight (8) LGAs (districts) accounted for 71% (n = 164) of all the suspected cases. 21.2% (49) were confirmed positive, 27 males (55.1%) and 22 females (44.9%) (p > 0.05). Modal age group was 20 - 24 (22.4%, n = 11), 18% (9) were children under 14 years, p > 0.05. Case fatality rate was 8% (n = 4). There was no significant association between mortality and age group. Five (5) LGAs accounted for about 60% (29) of all confirmed cases. These LGAs contribute only 20% to the total population in the State. Only 5.6% and 4% of suspected and confirmed cases, respectively, had knowledge of contact with an infectious source. The study described the epidemiology of Mpox outbreaks between 2017

关键词： Mpox Epidemiology Outbreak Surveillance

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