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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 139-153页

作者： Anne Halenius Carolin Gerke hartmut Hengel Institute of Virology University Medical Center Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I （MHC I） molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8＋ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer （NK） cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.

关键词： antigen presentation CD8+ T cells NK cells human cytomegalovirus immune evasion KIR

Underestimated contribution of HONO to indoor OH radicals: an emerging concern

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Science Bulletin 2018年第21期63卷 1383-1384页

作者： Xue Li Sasho Gligorovski hartmut Herrmann Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Environmental Sdence and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) Leibniz-lnstitute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)Permoserstr.1504318LeipzigGermany

For a long time,the hydroxyl (OH)radicals has attracted particular attention not only because it is the most important species in the photooxidation cycles in the atmosphere but also because it can oxidize volatile organic compounds (VOCs)to form secondary oxygenated gas species and aerosols,some of which can be toxic and *** most people spend 80%-90% of their life-time indoors,a better understanding of the formation,occurrence and reaction of OH radicals indoors is crucial to assess the potential impact on human ***,the secondary pollutants can be substantially reduced in indoor environments only with comprehensive knowledge of the oxidative chemistry and subsequent chains of chemical reactions that pollutants undergo.

关键词： Underestimated HONO VOCs

Alcoholic Hepatitis:Lost in Translation

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 89-96页

作者： Benjamin L. Woolbright hartmut Jaeschke Department of Pharmacology Toxicology&TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA

Alcoholic hepatitis is the most severe and acute form of alcoholic liver *** mortality rate associated with alcoholic hepatitis is high,largely due to the lack of suitable pharmacological *** there has been substantial research in the area,generating pharmacological interventions has been plagued by the lack of a robust mouse model both for testing and for understanding the underlying pathology.A number of major notable advances have been made in this area recently,with the goal of generating a mouse model of alcoholic *** purpose of this article is to review recent advances in modeling alcoholic liver disease both in vitro and in vivo in the mouse,and place them in the context of the greater spectrum of alcoholic liver disease,with a focus on how we can translate current advances into a high-fidelity model of alcoholic *** addition,we will review the basic mechanisms of alcoholic hepatitis as it is currently understood,focusing on recent advancements in diagnosis,prognosis and current pathophysiology,especially as it relates to the profound immune dysfunction present during alcoholic hepatitis.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Alcohol Liver disease Cirrhosis Prognosis Keratin-18

Analysis of the Vibrissa Parametric Resonance Causing a Signal Amplification during Whisking Behaviour

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第2期13卷 312-323页

作者： Tatiana Volkova Igor Zeidis hartmut Witte Manuela Schmidt Klaus Zimmermann Technische Universiat Ilmenau Technical Mechanics Group 98693 Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau Germany Technische Universitat Ilmenau Biomechatronics Group 98693 Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum 07743 Erbertstrafle 1 Jena Germany

The paper deals with the mechanical vibrational motion ofvibrissae during natural exploratory behaviour of mammals. The theoretical analysis is based on a mechanical model of a cylindrical beam with circular natural configuration under an applied periodic force at the tip, which corresponds to the surface roughness of an investigated object. The equation of motion of the beam is studied using the Euler-Bemoulli beam theory and asymptotic methods of mechanics. It is shown that from the me- chanical point of view the phenomenon of parametric resonance of the vibrissa is possible. It means that the amplitude of forced vibrations of a vibrissa increases exponentially with time, if it is stimulated within a specific resonance frequency range, which depends on biomechanical parameters of the vibrissa. The most intense parametric resonance occurs, when the excitation frequency is close to the doubled natural frequency of free vibrations. Thus, it may be used to distinguish and amplify specific periodic components of a complex roughness profile during texture discrimination.

关键词： vibrissa whisking vibration tactile sensor beam theory parametric resonance

Moving Objects with Transportation Modes:A Survey

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2019年第4期34卷 709-726页

作者： Jian-Qiu Xu Ralf hartmut Güting Yu Zheng Ouri Wolfson College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of HagenHagen 58097Germany JD Intelligent City Research Beijing 100176China Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago 60607U.S.A.

In this article,we survey the main achievements of moving objects with transportation modes that span the past *** an important kind of human behavior,transportation modes reflect characteristic movement features and enrich the mobility with informative *** make explicit comparisons with closely related work that investigates moving objects by incorporating into location-dependent semantics and descriptive *** exhaustive survey is offered by considering the following aspects:1)modeling and representing mobility data with motion modes;2)answering spatio-temporal queries with transportation modes;3)query optimization techniques;4)predicting transportation modes from sensor data,e.g.,GPS-enabled *** new and emergent issues concerning transportation modes are proposed for future research.

关键词： moving object transportation mode data model performance data generator

Green Light for PPP on German Motorways?

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第3期14卷 311-334页

作者： hartmut Bauer Michael Meier Augsburg University AugsburgGermany Faculty of Law Potsdam UniversityPotsdam 14482Germany LL.B. Bucerius Law SchoolHamburgGermany

While public-private partnerships(PPPs)have surged worldwide since the 1990s,they have been met with growing skepticism during the last years.A recent revision of Germany's constitutional rules on motorway construction and observations on the use of PPPs published by both the German and the European Courts of Auditors illustrate this new *** two examples fit into a general trend towards a revival of the public sector,which can be summarized under the cross-level umbrella term"publicization."It would,however,be remiss to replace the uncritical euphoria that once surrounded privatization with a similarly undifferentiated euphoria regarding ***,it is crucial to identify the most appropriate solution for the fulfilment of each public task from the"toolbox"of publicization on the one hand and privatization on the other hand in order to ensure the most effective completion of public functions.

关键词： publicization remunicipalization recommunalization nationalization renationalization public-private partnerships PPPs privatization motorways infrastructure construction toll economic efficiency court of auditors debt ceiling economic impact analysis

Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2448-2450页

作者： hartmut Jaeschke C David Williams Mitchell R McGill Anwar Farhood Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutics University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 United States Department of Pathology Brackenridge Hospital Austin TX 78701 United States

Many plant-derived natural products have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the most promising compounds and evaluate their protective mechanism. In a recently published article, Wang et al evaluated extracts of the plant Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa (GM) in a model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The authors concluded that GM is hepatoprotective against acetaminopheninduced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic capacity. We would like to discuss the limitations of this experimental approach and question the conclusion based on the data presented in this manuscript and the published literature.

关键词： Acetaminophen Drug hepatotoxicity Herbal extracts N-acetylcysteine

Argon preconditioning protects neuronal cells with a Toll-like receptor-mediated effect

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1371-1377页

作者： Stefanie Scheid Adrien Lejarre Jakob Wollborn hartmut Buerkle Ulrich Goebel Felix Ulbrich Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineFreiburgGermany Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine St.Franziskus-HospitalMuensterGermany

The noble gas argon has the potential to protect neuronal cells from cell *** far,this effect has been studied in treatment after acute *** using argon has not yet been *** this study,human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of argon(25%,50%,and 74%;21%O_(2),5%CO_(2),balance nitrogen)at different time intervals before inflicting damage with rotenone(20μM,4 hours).Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide *** expressions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 were also *** were also processed for analysis by western blot and qPCR to determine the expression of apoptotic and inflammatory proteins,such as extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK1/2),nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),protein kinase B(Akt),caspase-3,Bax,Bcl-2,interleukin-8,and heat shock *** staining was performed for TLR2 and 4 and *** were also pretreated with OxPAPC,an antagonist of TLR2 and 4 to elucidate the molecular *** showed that argon preconditioning before rotenone application caused a dose-dependent but not a time-dependent reduction in the number of apoptotic *** with 74%argon for 2 hours was used for further experiments showing the most promising *** decreased the surface expression of TLR2 and 4,whereas OxPAPC treatment partially abolished the protective effect of *** increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but decreased NF-κB and *** inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis and the heat shock *** also suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine *** confirmed the alteration of TLRs and *** reversed the argon effect on ERK1/2,Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,and interleukin-8 expression,but not on NF-κB and the heat shock *** together,argon preconditioning protects against apoptosis of neuronal c

关键词： apoptosis inflammation interleukin-8 neuroprotection rotenone SH-SY5Y Toll-like receptor 2 Toll-like receptor 4

In situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering observation of block-copolymer templated formation of magnetic nanodot arrays and their magnetic properties

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 456-471页

作者： Andreas Meyer Norbert Franz Hans Peter Oepen Jan Perlich Gerardina Carbone Till hartmut Metzger Institut fiJr Physikalische Chemie Universitat Hamburg Grindelallee 117 20146 Ham burg Germany Institut for Nanostruktur und Festkorperphysik Universitat Hamburg Jungiusstr. 11a 20355 Hamburg Germany HASYLAB/Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron Notkestr. 85 22603 Hamburg Germany European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble France

The fabrication of bit-patterned media （BPM） is crucial for new types of hard disk drives. The development of methods for the production of BPM is progressing rapidly. Conventional lithography reaches the limit regarding lateral resolution, and new routes are needed. In this study, we mainly focus on the dependence of the size and shape of magnetic nanodots on the Ar＋-ion etching duration, using silica dots as masks. Two-dimensional （2D） arrays of magnetic nanostructures are created using silica-filled diblock-copolymer micelles as templates. After the self-assembly of the micelles into 2D hexagonal arrays, the polymer shell is removed, and the SiO2 cores are utilized to transform the morphology into a （Co/Pt）2-multilayer via ion etching under normal incidence. The number of preparation steps is kept as low as possible to simplify the formation of the nanostructure arrays. High-resolution in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering （GISAXS） investigations are performed during the Ar＋-ion etching to monitor and control the fabrication process. The in situ investigation provides information on how the etching conditions can be improved for further ex situ experiments. The GISAXS patterns are compared with simulations. We observe that the dots change in shape from cylindrical to conical during the etching process. The magnetic behavior is studied by utilizing the magneto-optic Kerr effect. The Co/Pt dots exhibit different magnetic behaviors depending on their size, interparticle distance, and etching time. They show ferromagnetism with an easy axis of magnetization perpendicular to the film. A systematic dependence of the coercivitv on the dot size is observed.

关键词： poly(styrene)-b-poly(vinyl pyridine) argon ion etching self-assembly grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering(GISAXS) simulation magnetic nanodot coercivity

Elastic and Seismic Properties of Dabie-Sulu Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic Rocks

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第1期86卷 20-37页

作者： WANG Qian JI Shaocheng SUN Shengsi Matthew H.SALISBURY hartmut KERN State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Departement des Genies Civil Geologique et des MinesEcole Polytechnique de Montreal Montreal H3C 3A7Canada State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Geological Survey of Canada-Atlantic Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouth B2Y 4A2Canada Institutfur Geowissenschaften Universitat Kiel24098 KielGermany

Lame modulus （λ） and shear modulus （μ） are among the most important, intrinsic, elastic constants of rocks. Using 7. and μ could be much more advantageous than using P- and S-wave velocities （Vp and Vs）. Here we quantified these equivalent isotropic elastic moduli for 115 representative rocks from the ultrahigh pressure （UHP） metamorphic terrane of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt （China） and their variations with pressure （P）, temperature （T）, density （p）, Vp, Vs and mineralogical composition. Both moduli increase nonlinearly and linearly with increasing pressure at low （〈200-300 MPa） and high （〉200-300 MPa） pressures, respectively. In the regime of high pressures, 7. and IX decrease quasi-linearly with increasing temperature with temperature derivatives dλ/dT and dμ/dT generally in the range of -10×10-3 to -1×10-3 GPa/℃. Dehydration of water-bearing minerals such as serpentine in peridotites and chlorite in retrograde eciogites results in an abrupt drop in 7. while μ remains almost unchanged. In Z-p, μ-p and 7.-IX plots, the main categories of UHP rocks can be characterized. Serpentinization leads to significant decreases in μ and 7. as serpentine has extremely low values of Z, μ and p. Eclogites, common mafic rocks （mafic gneiss, metagabbro and amphibolite）, and felsic rocks （orthogneiss and paragneiss） have high, moderate and low μ and λ values, respectively. For pyroxenes and olivines, λ increases but μ decreases with increasing Fe/Mg ratios. For plagioclase feldspars, both Z and μ exhibit a significant positive correlation with anorthite content. SiO2-rich felsic rocks and quartzites are deviated remarkably from the general trend lines of the acid-intermediate-mafic rocks in Vs-p, μ-p, λ-Vp,λ-Vs and μ-λ diagrams because quartz has extremely low λ （-8.1 GPa） and p （2.65 g/cm3） but moderate μ （44.4 GPa） values. Increasing the contents of garnet, rutile, ilmenite and magnetite results in a significant increase in the λ and μ values of the UHP metamorphic rocks. Howev

关键词： seismic properties elastic constants ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks Dabie-Sulu,deep continental roots