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Modelling and Reporting Parameters of Optical OFDM System Using Different Modulation Techniques

Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第2期3卷 204-210页

作者： harsimran jit kaur Maninder Lal Singh Electronics and Communication Engineering Chitkara University Mohali India Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India

OFDM (Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in the optical domain is a promising technology which provides solutions to problems of today’s optical networks. In the present research an optical OFDM system is designed using different modulation techniques QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying), QAM (quadrature amplitude Modulation). Various signal conditioning parameters, like OSNR (optical signal to noise ratio), BER (bit error rate), chromatic dispersion and electrical SNR (signal to noise ratio) have been reported in present research. These parameters could be used for identifying the fault. On the basis of conclusion drawn for values of these parameters, the system may dynamically adapt and reconfigure itself for better transmission. In present research OPTSIM and MATLAB has been used as Simulation tools.

关键词： OFDM OSNR BER QPSK

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Isolated sporadic bilateral split hand malformation: a case report and review of the literature

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2014年第1期1卷 114-117页

作者： Manjit Singh Sukhminder jit Singh Bajwa Harsimarjit kaur Ravinder Singh Department of Orthopaedics Gian Sagar Medical College and HospitalBanur 140601PunjabIndia Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Gian Sagar Medical College and HospitalBanur 147001PunjabIndia Department of Anatomy Govt.Medical CollegePatiala 147001PunjabIndia

Typical cleft hand is a rare disorder usually inherited in an autosomal-dominant *** report a case of bilateral typical cleft hand in a 6-year-old *** was no positive family history of such presentation,and no systemic manifestations were associated with this *** evaluation revealed no systemic or airway challenges and parents were counseled for routine surgical and anesthetic *** hands underwent successful surgical reconstruction with no peri-operative *** the best of our knowledge,this is theﬁrst report of an operated case of an isolated,bilateral,and sporadic typical split hand malformation.

关键词： Cleft hand congenital anomalies split hand malformation syndactyly

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