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Britain’s War against the French Revolution 1793–1802

北京论坛（2008）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——文明的普遍价值和发展趋向

作者： thomas harry dickinson University of Edinburgh

I Introduction Politicians,political commentators and public opinion in the western countries of Europe and North America often assume today that the benefits and virtues of liberal representative democracy,the form of government that has been adopted in these countries,are indisputable and *** regard democracy as better than any other ideology and this system of government as superior to all other *** of these countries appear to have forgotten(or

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World History Studies 2016年第1期3卷 40-73页

作者： harry T. dickinson University of Edinburgh UK

Britain had just begun to recover from defeat in the American War of Independence when its government faced a major war against the French Revolution. In this war the British army was soon driven out of the continent of Europe and had to rely on fighting France at sea and in the colonies, especially those in the West Indies. Although smaller and with fewer people than France, Britain’s war effort was greatly aided by her strong economy, excellent financial institutions and efficient tax system. The British people, however, were divided about fighting against revolutionary France and the British government could not devise an effective strategy to defeat France in Europe. The unsatisfactory peace agreed in 1802 only halted the war for a short period. It was soon renewed and lasted until 1815.

关键词： Britain FrenchRevolution Colonies WarofIdeas PeaceNegotiations

The Great Irish Rebellion of 1798:History and Memory

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World History Studies 2020年第1期7卷 1-27页

作者： harry T.dickinson University of Edinburgh UK

The Irish rebellion of 1798 resulted in many casualties and much damage to *** historians have agreed that Irish society in the eighteenth century was bitterly divided between a governing minority of English Protestant settlers,a similar number of Scottish Presbyterian immigrants,who dominated the province of Ulster,and an oppressed majority of poor Catholics who were the original Celtic settlers of the country,but who had lost their lands and their political influence to these later *** historians,however,believe that the principal cause of the rebellion was the economic distress of the Catholic *** recently,many scholars have claimed that the leaders of the rebellion were educated Protestant English and Scottish settlers,who resented Britain’s political control of Ireland were greatly influenced by the political principles of the French Revolution of *** of these historians have also studied how the memory of the 1798 rebellion among Catholic Irishmen across the world eventually enabled the Catholic majority to create an Irish republic in the 1920s that was able to govern two-thirds of the country.

关键词： Catholics Protestants United Irishmen Defenders French Revolution

Can patients determine the level of their dysphagia?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第6期23卷 1038-1043页

作者： Hafiz Hamad Ashraf Joanne Palmer harry Richard Dalton Carolyn Waters thomas Luff Madeline Strugnell Iain Alexander Murray Departments of Gastroenterology Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust Research and Development Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust Clinical Imaging Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust

To determine if patients can localise dysphagia level determined endoscopically or radiologically and association of gender, age, level and *** review of consecutive patients presenting to dysphagia hotline between March 2004 and March 2015 was carried out. Demographics, clinical history and investigation findings were recorded including patient perception of obstruction level (pharyngeal, mid sternal or low sternal) was documented and the actual level of obstruction found on endoscopic or radiological examination (if any) was noted. All patients with evidence of obstruction including oesophageal carcinoma, peptic stricture, Schatzki ring, oesophageal pouch and cricopharyngeal hypertrophy were included in the study who had given a perceived level of dysphagia. The upper GI endoscopy reports (barium study where upper GI endoscopy was not performed) were reviewed to confirm the distance of obstructing lesion from central incisors. A previously described anatomical classification of oesophagus was used to define the level of obstruction to be upper, middle or lower oesophagus and this was compared with patient perceived *** thousand six hundred and sixty-eight patients were included, 42.0% of who were female, mean age 70.7 ± 12.8 years old. Of those with obstructing lesions, 726 gave a perceived level of dysphagia: 37.2% had oesophageal cancer, 36.0% peptic stricture, 13.1% pharyngeal pouches, 10.3% Schatzki rings and 3.3% achalasia. Twenty-seven point five percent of patients reported pharyngeal level (upper) dysphagia, 36.9% mid sternal dysphagia and 25.9% lower sternal dysphagia (9.5% reported multiple levels). The level of obstructing lesion seen on diagnostic testing was upper (17.2%), mid (19.4%) or lower (62.9%) or combined (0.3%). When patients localised their level of dysphagia to a single level, the kappa statistic was 0.245 (P < 0.001), indicating fair agreement. 48% of patients reporting a single level of dysphagia

关键词： Deglutition disorders Oesophageal stenosis Oesophageal neoplasm Gastroscopy Fluoroscopy Patient perception Pharyngeal pouch

Near-infrared spectroscopy muscle oximetry of patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第5期11卷 21-29页

作者： Parvathi Kadamati Jeffrey J.Sugar Brendan J.Quirk Shima Mehrvar Gisela G.Chelimsky harry T.Whelan thomas C.Chelimsky Mahsa Ranji Biophotonics Laboratory University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3200 N Cramer St. MilwaukeeWI 53211USA Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Neurology 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd MilwaukeeWI 53226USA Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Pediatries(Gastroenterology)8701 W Waterown Plank Rd MilwaukeeWI 53226USA

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome(POTS)is a disabling condition characterized by orthostatic intolerance with tachycardia in the absence of drop-in blood pressure.A custom-built near-infrared spectroscopy device(NIRS)is applied to monitor the muscle oxygenation,noninvasively in patients undergoing incremental head-up tilt table(HUT).Subjects(6 POTS patients and 6 healthy controls)underwent 30 mins of 70on a *** results showed a signicant difference in deoxyhemoglobin(Hb),change-in-oxygenation(△Oxy)and blood volume(△BV)between patients and healthy ***,oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))showed a significantly faster rate of change in the healthy controls during the first 10 mins of the tilt and during the *** NIRS muscle oximetry tool provides quantitative measurements of blood oxygenation monitoring in diseases such as POTS.

关键词： Hemoglobin head-up tilt table oxygenation blood volume

Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 236-241页

作者： Emily D Kosten Jackson H Atwater James Parsons Albert Polman harry A Atwater thomas J.Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125 USA Center for Nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLFScience Park 1041098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted *** isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in ***,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single *** highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back *** with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear ***,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design.

关键词： detailed balance GaAs solar cell light trapping photovoltaics two photon lithography

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Systems Analysis and Design; Gary B. Shelly, thomas J. Cashman, harry J. Rosenblatt 4th ed.

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The Use of SF<sub>6</sub>and GIS to Study Farfield Modeling of Ocean Outfall Plumes in Florida

2001年

作者： Gary B. Shelly thomas J. Cashman harry J. Rosenblatt

Includes index.

ISBN: (纸本)0789559579

Includes index.

关键词： System design.

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第11期5卷 1037-1052页

作者： Frederick Bloetscher Fernando J. Pleitez thomas Romah Ahmed Albasri Chase dickinson Husayn El Sharif Kevin Matthews Trung-Duong Nguyen Lucrece Riche Frank Youngman thomas P. Carsey Jack Stamates John R. Proni Applied Research Center (ARC) Florida International University Miami FL USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Ocean Chemistry Division Miami FL USA Florida Atlantic University Civil Engineering Department Boca Raton FL USA

In June, 2004 and February, 2007, in field tracer studies were conducted on the Hollywood and South Central outfalls, using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer. The objective of these studies was to determine if the tracer could be detected in the farfield at significant distance, and if so, could this data be used to construct a model of the farfield plume. Prior models for farfield plume movement do not appear to comport well with the conditions in southeast Florida. Extensive research was conducted in southeast Florida on 4 outfalls, which led to the development of nearfield dilution equations for same. However farfield modeling of outfall plumes was difficult to accomplish because the tracers used are not detectable for significant distances. The SF6 resolved that problem and as a result the Hollywood outfall was used to construct a model. Two methods were investigated for modeling the plume, 1) the Eureqa formulation method and 2) the Gamma-Curve method. The concentrations in the x-y plane were first found by using the Eureqa formulation to calculate the concentration at each grid point given its depth and the concentration of the centerline at the same latitude. The plume models were generated using MATLAB that matched with the results actually seen in the field.

关键词： Ocean Outfall Treated Sewage Effluent Disposal Farfield Modeling Sulfur Hexafluoride