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Downscaling and Disaggregating NAO-conflict Nexus in Pre-industrial Europe

Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第5期26卷 609-622页

作者： harry fung lee ZHANG David Dian PEI Qing FEI Jie Department of Geography and the International Centre of China Development Studies University of Hong Kong School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Centre for Historical Geographical Studies Fudan University

Recently, the desiccation effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) is found to be positively correlated with violent conflict in pre-industrial Europe, with agricultural shrinkage and its subsequent economic shocks to be their causal link. However, it remains unexplored whether the correlation persists if the study period is extended backward in time, a different definition of violent conflict is applied, or the relationship is examined at lower geographic levels. In this study, we based on 835 internal disturbance incidents in Europe during 1049–1800 to conduct long-temporal and multi-scalar examination on the NAO-conflict nexus. ′Time-series′ and ′panel data′ disaggregation approaches, together with Granger Causality, Multiple Regression, and Survival Analyses were applied to verify the nexus quantitatively. Results show that the positive NAO-conflict correlation was significant at the continent and physiographic zone levels. During the positive NAO phases, the annual probability of internal disturbance outbreak increased by 70.0% in the southern Europe and the Mediterranean, a zone most affected by the NAO-induced desiccation effect. Yet, the NAO-conflict correlation was rather inconsistent when it was downscaled to the sub-regional level. Moreover, the NAO-conflict correlation was inflated under the time-series approach, while the panel data approach demonstrated the region-specific nature of the NAO forcing more clearly. The associated implications in examining climate-conflict nexus are discussed. Our findings may be crucial in examining violent conflict in the northwestern Africa, a highly agricultural region affected by the NAO.

关键词：冲突关系工业化欧洲时间序列方法北大西洋涛动干燥效果显著水平 NAO

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Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2535-2546页

作者： Xin JIA Zhiping ZHANG Yonggang SUN Runqi JIANG Shuangwen YI Wei CHEN Jue SUN Guoqiang LI Shuzhi WANG Enrui LI Xiaonong HU Qingchun BAO harry F.lee Huayu LU Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Schlool of History and Culture Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Ulanqab Museum Ulanqab 012000China The Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hohhot 010011China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Environmental Archaeology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in *** central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern *** study selected the Yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the Yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research *** on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the Yumin site(YM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was *** that,by identifying carbonized grains in the Yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this *** results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the Yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 *** phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the Yumin *** propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern China around 8.4 *** study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern China and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.

关键词： Origin of agriculture Accumulative environmental effects Yumin Culture Northern China Holocene

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Climate change, social unrest and dynastic transition in ancient China

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Science Bulletin 2005年第2期50卷 137-144页

作者： JIM Chiyung,lee fung Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

The evident connection between human evolu- tion and climatic changes has been concurred by scientists. Although many people are trying to forecast the impacts of climatic changes on our future society, there are not any studies to quantitatively scrutinize the interrelation between climatic changes and social developments by using historical data. In line with this knowledge gap, this study adopted a scientific approach to compare the paleoclimatic records with the historical data of wars, social unrests, and dynastic transitions in China spanned from the late Tang to Qing Dy- nasties. Results showed that war frequency in cold phases was much higher than that in mild phases. Besides, 70%— 80% of war peaks and most of the dynastic transitions and nationwide social unrests in China took place in cold phases. This phenomenon could be attributed to the diminishing thermal energy input in cold phases resulting in the fall of land-productivity and hence, the deficiency of livelihood re- sources across society. Accompanied with certain social cir- cumstances, this kind of ecological stress was transformed into wars and social unrests, followed by dynastic transitions in most of the cases. By closer examination, it was even found that war frequency was negatively correlated with tempera- ture anomaly series. As land carrying capacities vary from one climatic zone to another, the magnitude of war-tempera- ture association also differed among different geographic regions. It is suggested that climatic change was one of the most important factors in determining the dynastic cycle and alternation of war and peace in ancient China.

关键词： climatic change war social unrest dynastic cycle temperature anomaly.

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VISCOPLASTIC COLLAPSE OF SHARP-NOTCHED CIRCULAR TUBES UNDER CYCLIC BENDING

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2013年第6期26卷 629-641页

作者： Kuo-Long lee Chien-Min Hsu Wen-fung Pan Department of Computer Application Engineering Far East University Department of Interior Design Tung Fang Design University Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University

This study discusses the experimental result of the viscoplastic response and col- lapse of sharp-notched 316L stainless steel tubes with different notched depths subjected to cyclic bending. The tube bending machine and curvature-ovalization measurement apparatus were used for conducting the symmetric curvature-controlled cyclic bending. To highlight the viscoplastic behavior, three different curvature-rates, 0.0035, 0.035 and 0.35 m-1s-1, were controlled. Ob- servations of a certain curvature-rate reveal that five almost parallel lines corresponding to five different notch-depth （0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mm） tubes were presented in the experimental relationship between the cyclic controlled curvature and the number of cycles needed to pro- duce buckling on a log-log scale. However, the slopes for the three different curvature-rates are different. An empirical formulation was proposed to simulate the aforementioned relationship. When comparing with the experimental findings, the simulation was in good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： viscoplastic collapse sharp-notched circular tube cyclic bending curvature-rate ovalization

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Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antigen Detection Assay

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2022年第4期4卷 175-177页

作者： Susanna Kar-Pui Lau Kenneth Sze-Ming Li Jade lee-lee Teng Sunitha Joseph Hayes Kam-Hei Luk Joshua fung Ulrich Wernery Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo Department of Microbiology School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Central Veterinary Research Laboratory DubaiUnited Arab Emirates PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)infection in humans has a high mortality of>30%.Dromedaries are the reservoir of MERS-CoV and the main source of human ***,MERS-CoV infections in dromedaries are usually *** diagnosis of MERS-CoV infection in these animals is important in preventing camel-to-human transmission of the *** possible cross-reactivity of a previously reported rapid nucleocapsid protein-based antigen detection assay for MERS-CoV was examined with different CoVs,including Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4,dromedary camel CoV UAE-HKU23,human CoV-229E,human CoV-OC43,severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 and rabbit CoV HKU14,where none of them showed false-positive *** assay was further validated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed MERS-CoV-positive and MERS-CoV-negative dromedary nasal samples collected in Dubai,the United Arab Emirates,which showed that the rapid antigen detection assay has a specificity of 100%and sensitivity of 91.7%.

关键词： MERS-CoV rapid antigen detection assay dromedary camels

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Climate change and plague history in Europe

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第2期61卷 163-177页

作者： Ricci P.H.YUE harry F.lee The Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong International Center for China Development Studies The University of Hong Kong

Previous research that reported the linkage between climate change and plague activity primarily refers to the immediate effect of short-term climatic variation. Yet, decades of discussion about the climate-plague association cannot determine the precise role of climate in shaping plague dynamics. One reason for this discrepancy originates from the narrow selection of spatio-temporal settings for comprehensive analysis of the correlation, leading to a limited consideration of the complexity of possible *** analyzing a 414-year long record of plague outbreak in pre-industrial Europe and the corresponding climatic data in multi-scale,we find little evidence to support climate-plague correlation in(1) both climatic variations and large-scale climatic phenomena,(2)both country scale and continental scale,(3) annual to inter-annual scale, and(4) both linear and non-linear analytic approaches. The null-result should not be viewed as a general rejection of other recent findings related to climate-plague association; nevertheless,it suggests that a wider consideration of scales, sensitivity checks and consideration of contexts should be included in explaining and predicting plague transmission under contemporary global climate conditions.

关键词：气候变化瘟疫欧洲历史数据分析调查结果气候条件动力学

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Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated neoplasia:a promising model for the development of chemopreventive interventions

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1450-1459页

作者： Margie lee CLAPPER harry Stanley COOPER Wen-Chi lee CHANG Divisions of Population Science Medical Science Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19111USA

Individuals diagnosed with ulcerative colitis face a significantly increased risk ofdeveloping colorectal dysplasia and cancer during their *** date,littleattention has been given to the development of a chemopreventive interventionfor this high-risk *** mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis represents an excellent preclinical system in which to both charac-terize the molecular events required for tumor formation in the presence of inflam-mation and assess the ability of select agents to inhibit this *** admin-istration of DSS in drinking water results in the establishment of chronic colitisand the development of colorectal dysplasias and cancers with pathological fea-tures that resemble those of human colitis-associated *** incidenceand multiplicity of lesions observed varies depending on the mouse strain used(ie,Swiss Webster,C57BL/6J,CBA,ICR) and the dose (0.7%-5.0%) and schedule(1-15 cycles with or without a subsequent recovery period) of *** incidenceof neoplasia can be increased and its progression to invasive cancer acceleratedsignificantly by administering DSS in combination with a known colon carcinogen(azoxymethane (AOM),2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ),2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)) or *** recent induction ofcolitis-associated neoplasia in genetically defined mouse strains has providednew insight into the role of specific genes (ie,adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc),p53,inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),Msh2) in the development of colitis-associated *** data from chemopreventive intervention studiesdocument the efficacy of several agents in inhibiting DSS-induced neoplasiaand provide great promise that colitis-associated colorectal neoplasia is a pre-ventable disease.

关键词： colorectal colitis chemoprevention dextran sulfate sodium mouse models

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Red organic light-emitting diodes based photobiomodulation therapy enabling prominent hair growth

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 7164-7170页

作者： Shuang-Qiao Sun Jing-Jing Shen Yu-Fei Wang Yu-Tong Jiang Lin-Fu Chen Hua Xin Jiang-Nan Wang Xiao-Bo Shi Xiao-Zhao Zhu Qi Sun Liang-Sheng Liao Qian Chen Man-Keung fung Shuit-Tong lee Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhou 215123China Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering(MIMSE) MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional MaterialsZhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa 999078MacaoChina 3 Institute of Organic Optoelectronics Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute(JITRI)1198 Fenhu DadaoWujiangSuzhou 215200China

Hair loss can cause psychological ***,red organic light-emitting diode(OLED)light source is first introduced as the photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)for hair growth and demonstrated as a promising and non-invasive therapeutic modality for *** exhibits unique advantages of homogeneous irradiation,flexible in form factor,less heat *** features enable OLED to be an ideal candidate for wearable PBMT light sources.A systematic study of using red OLEDs to facilitate hair growth was *** results show that OLEDs excellently promote hair *** irradiation can increase the length of the hair by a factor of 1.5 as compared to the control,the hair regrowth area is enlarged by over 3 times after 20 days of ***,the mechanism of OLED that stimulates hair follicle regeneration is investigated invivo by conducting a systematic controlled experiments on mice with or without OLED *** on the comprehensive histological and immunofluorescence staining studies,two key factors are identified for red OLEDs to facilitate hair follicle regeneration:(i)increased autophagy during the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle;(ii)increased blood oxygen content promoted by the accelerated microvascular blood flow.

关键词： red organic light-emitting diode(OLED) light therapy hair growth autophagy oxygen saturation

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 253-257页

作者： Shing fung lee Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez Department of Clinical Oncology Tuen Mun HospitalNew Territories West ClusterHong KongP.R.China Department of Non-Communicable Disease and Cancer Epidemiology Biomedical Research Institute of GranadaUniversity of Granada18002 GranadaSpain Department of Non-CommunicableDisease and Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 6HWUK Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA

Dear editor,Biological periodicities occur based on a periodicity in a spectrum of frequencies ranging from milliseconds to years.A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous oscillation of about 24 h[1].Cir-cadian rhythm is the adaption of our bodies’biological processes to the day and night *** biological clock is reset daily to synchronize with the exposure to sunlight because our internal clock repeats at around 24 h[1].Because of the use of artificial light,our internal clock is influenced by multiple factors,including social interac-tions[1].

关键词： oscillation spectrum editor

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Robotic resection for posterosuperior liver lesions: is it really superior to laparoscopic resection?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 264-266页

作者： Andrew K.Y.fung Kit-Fai lee Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Recovery after traditional open liver resection is greatly hindered by a big upper abdominal *** is especially true when the scale of parenchymal liver resection is relatively small,such as wedge resection or left lateral *** such scenarios,the access trauma outweighs the surgical *** the other hand,when the surgical trauma is large,such as major hepatectomy or extended liver resection,the surgical trauma rather than the access trauma determines the postoperative ***,minimal access surgery or minimally invasive surgery has come up as a fantastic way to minimize the access trauma and help to speed up recovery and shorten hospital stay(1).

关键词： trauma liver lesions

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