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The Habitat Structure of Lukanga Ramsar Site in Central Zambia: An Understanding of Wetland Ecological Condition

Open Journal of Ecology 2017年第6期7卷 406-432页

作者： harry chabwela Chansa Chomba Loyd Thole Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Disaster Management Training Centre Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia Zambia Environmental Management Authority Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources Lusaka Zambia

A field survey was carried out to determine the vegetation structure of the Lukanga Swamp Ramsar site in central Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify the different vegetation communities, species composition and distribution patterns for improved habitat management. Sampling was conducted in all recognizable vegetation communities. The results of the survey showed that the swamp was a littoral palustrine wetland predominantly characterized by the dominance of Leersia hexandria Swartz (42.02%), Typha capensis Rohrb (62.43%), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (33.61%), Aeschynomeme fluitans Peter (31.58%) and Polygonum senegalense Meisn (48.8%). The occurrence of Vossia cuspidata Griff and Cyperus papyrusL was restricted to small and isolated locations. Short Termitaria was generally covered by Acrocerus macrum Stapf (35.25%) while tall Termitaria was dominated by Panicum maximum Jacq. (26.00%). The most important woody plant species included Combretum ghasalense Engl. et Diels (I. V = 62.88), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax ((I. V = 90.48), Albizia adianthifolia (Schmacher) W.F. Wight (I. V = 135.63) Isoberlinia angolensis Hyle and Brenan (I. V = 87.25). The current structure of the hydrophytes composition observed in this study was an indication of a generally silting wetland, while the dominant occurrence of understorey woody plants in the surrounding vegetation signified degraded miombo vegetation. It was concluded that the ecological status of wetland habitat was potentially threatened by mainly anthropogenic activities such as;wildfires, and unsustainable exploitation of surrounding vegetation. Further research is required to examine water flows, eutrophication and the long-term effects of deforestation on the ecological functioning of the wetland.

关键词： Aquatic Macrophytes Wetland Habitat Brachystegia Woodland Palustrine Swamp Sedimentation Environmental Flows Wetland Fires and Overexploitation

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Phytoremediation Potential of Indigenous Plants Growing at Nchanga Mine in Chingola, Zambia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第2期10卷 45-61页

作者： Lupupa Kachenga harry Nixon chabwela Kasuka Mwauluka Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Mining and smelting processes are among the key sources of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting in dramatic disturbances and loss of biodiversity. Native plants growing naturally in hostile mining environments can be used for management, decontamination and possible rehabilitation of polluted soils. These plants are either excluders or accumulators based on their Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF). This, therefore requires identification of native plants that are able to accumulate heavy metals in their plant tissues at concentrations higher than that in the soil in which they are growing. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of indigenous plants growing at the tailings dams of Nchanga Mine in Chingola, Zambia. TD4 and a site 50 m away from TD4 were sampled as Sampling Areas One (1) and Two (2), respectively. TD4 was divided into four quadrants and three plots from each quadrant were randomly sampled. Three plots from each of the two quadrants from Sampling Area Two were also sampled. Composite soil samples were collected from the plots and a total of 175 individuals of 16 grass and herbaceous plant species were collected and analysed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentrations of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the soils and plant specimens. The findings of the study showed that the concentrations of Cu and Zn in the soil ranged from 891.41 mg/kg to 15,617.47 mg/kg and 20.73 mg/kg to 96.85 mg/kg, respectively. Arthraxonquartinianus had the highest concentration of Cu (1016.8 mg/kg) while Cyperusrotundus had the lowest (29.35 mg/kg). Arthraxonquartinianus had the highest concentration of Zn (192.8 mg/kg) and Crinum had the lowest (28.24 mg/kg). BAF values for Cu were less than 1 in all the plants and BAF values for Zn were highest in Arthraxonquartinianus (10.77) with Crinum having the lowest BAF of 0.01. The Bioaccumulation Factors indicated that all the plant species studied are Cu excluders;and with the exceptio

关键词： Accumulators Excluders Indigenous Plants Phytoremediation

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Rangeland Condition and Herbage Utilization by Herbivores of the Kafue Flats North Bank: A Historical Perspective before the Construction of the Itezhi-Tezhi Dam, Zambia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第2期8卷 126-145页

作者： harry chabwela Chansa Chomba Daudi Chimbali Maxwell Malama School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Disaster Management Training Centre Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife Services Chipata Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife Services Chilanga Zambia

This study was carried out in Blue Lagoon National Park and the North Bank portion of the Kafue Flats Game Management Area along the Kafue River in Zambia. The aim of the study was to determine rangeland condition and utilization by wildlife as well as livestock grazing in Kafue Flats, to establish the baseline data for monitoring after the construction of the Itezhi-Tezhi dam.? Line intercept method and enclosure plots were used to sample in all recognized vegetation types and basal cover and frequency measurements were taken using line intercept method while enclosure plots were used to determine rangeland utilization. Data obtained from records showed that the area had annual mean rainfall of 535 mm at Itezhi-Tezhi, but the lowest rainfall recorded was 214 mm in the 1978-1979 rainy season and the highest was 1, 184 mm in the 1975-1976 season. With regard to range condition, bare ground was highest in the Termitaria vegetation at Nakenda-Critchley (62%), Bowa (57.6%) and Muwezwa (48.45%) while basal cover was relatively high in the flood plain at Namunyona (47.8%). Litter had an almost even distribution in all vegetation types and percent standing crop biomass was relatively high in all sample plots. Rangeland utilization was relatively high around Nakenda-Chitanda (43.54%) in the flood plain and Bowa (31.42%) in the Termitaria vegetation. It was concluded that Termitaria vegetation was largely at high risk of degradation due to overgrazing. While the impact of dams, environmental flows and flood pulse are discussed, detailed research and monitoring should be introduced in addition to the promotion of management of pastures in this rangeland.

关键词： Rangeland Assessment Grazing Rangeland Utilization Wildlife Livestock Flood Pulse

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Habitat Selection by Large Mammals in South Luangwa National Park, Zambia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2017年第3期7卷 179-192页

作者： harry chabwela Chansa Chomba Gilson Kaweche Ackme Mwenya Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Disaster Management Training Centre Kabwe Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife Service Chilanga Zambia

An assessment to determine habitat selection by large mammals was carried out in South Luangwa National Park, eastern Zambia. We divided Habitat types into five groups based on physiognomic classification as: savannah wood-land, back swamp, Combretum thicket, Mopane woodland, and Terminalia-Erythrophleum. Road count method was used to sight animals across the four identified habitat types. Results showed that puku, impala, elephant, and zebra were highly selective of habitat types. Puku occurred mainly in back swamp habitat (86.6%) followed by water buck (75.0%), elephant (72.3%) and zebra (65.7%). Impala were more abundant in Terminalia-Erythrophleum woodland (69.50%) while buffalo was mainly sighted in Mopane-woodland (45.07%). Other species were more cosmopolitan. It was suggested that foraging behaviour, season and security with respect to predation were the factors singularly or collectively that influenced the observed pattern of habitat selection by large mammals.

关键词： Assessment Foraging Road Count Occurrence Physiognomic Classification

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Lion Hunting and Trophy Quality Records in Zambia for the Period 1967-2000: Will the Trends in Trophy Size Drop as Lion Population Declines?

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第4期4卷 182-195页

作者： Chansa Chomba Ramadhani Senzota harry chabwela Vincent Nyirenda Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Disaster Management Training Centre Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia Zambia Wildlife Authority Chilanga Zambia

Data on lion skull measurements taken were collected and analyzed to determine trends in trophy size as an indicator of population size, and area of origin among the concessioned hunting areas in Zambia for the period 1967-2000. A comparison of trophy quality was also made with Tanzania and Zimbabwe which were the other two key sources of lion trophies in Africa. It was assumed that a comprehensive analysis of lion trophy sizes obtained from trophy hunting would be used as an indicator of hunting pressure on lion populations in Zambia. This approach was used because trophy size is an index of abundance particularly for species such as lion which are difficult to count using conventional census methods. Record lion trophies from Safari Club International rating were also collected and assessed to compare trophy quality obtained from Zambia and those of Tanzania and Zimbabwe for the same period 1967-2000 (33 years). Results obtained suggested that Zambia’s contribution to the record trophies under Safari Club International did not decline in the intervening period 1967-2000 and could not be used as an effective indicator of lion population in Zambia. At regional level, Zambia had second highest 24%, after Tanzania 56%, while Zimbabwe was third, 20%. It was found that the size of skulls could not be used as an effective indicator of population size as the record trophies did not decline while the population was alleged to have declined on the continent. Other factors, such as genetic, low prey densities, snaring, poisoning and problem animal control needed to be investigated to determine their impact on the lion population status.

关键词： Lion Trophy Measurement Trend Decline Population Size

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