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Hydrogen sulfide intervention in cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mouse helps restore ocular homeostasis

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 754-764页

作者： Akash K.George Rubens P.Homme Avisek Majumder Anwesha Laha Naira Metreveli harpal s.sandhu suresh C.Tyagi Mahavir singh Eye and Vision science Laboratory University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Medicine UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences Kentucky Lions Eye Center University of Louisville School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate the applications of hydrogen sulfide(H2 s) in eye-specific ailments in ***: Heterozygous cystathionine-β-synthase(CBs+/-) and wild-type C57 BL/6 J(WT) mice fed with or without high methionine diet(HMD) were administered either phosphate buffered saline(PBs) or the slow-release H2 s donor: GYY4137. several analyses were performed to study GYY4137 effects by examining retinal lysates for key protein expressions along with plasma glutamate and glutathione estimations. Intraocular pressure(IOP) was monitored during GYY4137 treatment; barium sulfate and bovine serum albumin conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate(BsA-FITC) angiographies were performed for examining vasculature and its permeability post-treatment. Visionguided behavior was also tested employing novel object recognition test(NORT) and light-dark box test(LDBT) ***: CBs deficiency(CBs+/-) coupled with HMD led disruption of methionine/homocysteine(Hcy) metabolism leading to hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) in CBs+/-mice as reflected by increased Hcy, and s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase(sAHH) levels. Unlike CBs, cystathionine-γ lyase(CsE), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) levels which were reduced but compensated by GYY4137intervention. Heightened oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress responses were mitigated by GYY4137 effects along with enhanced glutathione(GsH) levels. Increased glutamate levels in CBs+/-strain were prominent than WT mice and these mice also exhibited higher IOP that was lowered by GYY4137 treatment. CBs deficiency also resulted in vision-guided behavioral impairment as revealed by NORT and LDBT findings. Interestingly, GYY4137 was able to improve CBs+/-mice behavior together with lowering their glutamate levels. Blood-retinal barrier(BRB) appeared compromised in CBs+/-with vessels' leakage that was mitigated in GYY4137 treated group. This corroborated the results for occludin(an integral plasma membrane protein of the cellular tight

关键词： blood-retinal barrier integrity endoplasmic reticulum stress glutamate cytotoxicity inflammation oxidative stress mice

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A Comprehensive Review of High Throughput Phenotyping and Machine Learning for Plant stress Phenotyping

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Phenomics 2022年第3期2卷 156-183页

作者： Taqdeer Gill simranveer K.Gill Dinesh K.saini Yuvraj Chopra Jason P.de Koff Karansher s.sandhu Department of Agricultural and Environmental sciences Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209USA College of Agriculture Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004India Department of Crop and soil sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA

During the last decade,there has been rapid adoption of ground and aerial platforms with multiple sensors for phenotyping various biotic and abiotic stresses throughout the developmental stages of the crop *** throughput phenotyping(HTP)involves the application of these tools to phenotype the plants and can vary from ground-based imaging to aerial phenotyping to remote *** of these HTP tools has tried to reduce the phenotyping bottleneck in breeding programs and help to increase the pace of genetic *** specifically,several root phenotyping tools are discussed to study the plant’s hidden half and an area long ***,the use of these HTP technologies produces big data sets that impede the inference from those *** learning and deep learning provide an alternative opportunity for the extraction of useful information for making *** are interdisciplinary approaches for data analysis using probability,statistics,classification,regression,decision theory,data visualization,and neural networks to relate information extracted with the phenotypes *** techniques use feature extraction,identification,classification,and prediction criteria to identify pertinent data for use in plant breeding and pathology *** review focuses on the recent findings where machine learning and deep learning approaches have been used for plant stress phenotyping with data being collected using various HTP *** have provided a comprehensive overview of different machine learning and deep learning tools available with their potential advantages and ***,this review provides an avenue for studying various HTP platforms with particular emphasis on using the machine learning and deep learning tools for drawing legitimate ***,we propose the conceptual challenges being faced and provide insights on future perspectives for managing those issues.

关键词： Biotic and abiotic stresses Deep learning Ground-based imaging High throughput phenotyping Machine learning Unmanned aerial vehicle

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Comparison of seed morphology of two ginkgo cultivars

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 751-758页

作者： Fang Tian Yujun Wang Hardev s.sandhu Johan Gielis Peijian shi Co-Innovation Centre for sustainable Forestry in southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Everglades Research and Education Center University of Florida3200 E.Palm Beach RoadBelle GladeFL 33430USA Department of Biosciences Engineering University of Antwerp2020 AntwerpBelgium

Ginkgo biloba L. is a precious relic tree species with important economic value. seeds, as a vital reproductive organ of plants, can be used to distinguish cultivars of the species. We chose 400 seeds from two cultivars of ginkgo(“Fozhi” and “Maling”;200 seeds for each cultivar) as the study material and used the Gielis equation to fit the projected shape of these seeds. The coefficients of variation(CV) in root mean squared errors(RMsE)obtained from the fitted data were used to compare the level of inter-cultivar variations in seed shape. We also used the covariance analysis to compare the allometric relationships between seed weights and projected areas of these two cultivars. The Gielis equation fitted well the seedshapes of two ginkgo cultivars. The lower CV in RMsE of cultivar “Fozhi” than “Maling” indicated a less symmetrical seed shape in the latter than the former. The bootstrap percentile method showed that the seed shape differences between the two cultivars were significant. However, there was no significant difference in the exponents between the seed weights and the projected areas of these two ***, the significant differences in shapes between the seeds of two ginkgo cultivars were well explained by the Gielis equation;this model can be further extended to compare morphological differences in other ginkgo cultivars, and even for plant seeds or animal eggs that have similar oval shapes.

关键词： Allometry Coefficient of variation Curve fitting Gielis equation Root mean squared errors

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A hypothesis for treating inflammation and oxidative stress with hydrogen sulfide during age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第5期11卷 881-887页

作者： Akash K George Mahavir singh Rubens Petit Homme Avisek Majumder harpal s.sandhu suresh C Tyagi Eye and Vision science Laboratory Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences University of Louisville School of Medicine Kentucky Lions Eye Center University of Louisville School of Medicine

Age-related macular degeneration（AMD） is a leading cause of blindness and is becoming a global crisis since affected people will increase to 288 million by ***,age,diabetes,gender,obesity,hypertension,race,hyperopia,iris-color,smoking,sun-light and pyroptosis have varying roles in AMD,but oxidative stress-induced inflammation remains a significant driver of *** is a unique organ as it contains a remarkable oxygengradient that generates reactive oxygen species（ROs） which upregulates inflammatory *** becomes a source of functional and morphological impairments in retinal pigment epithelium（RPE）,endothelial cells and retinal ganglion *** demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide（H2s） acts as a signaling molecule and that it may treat ***,we propose a novel hypothesis that H2s may restore homeostasis in the eyes thereby reducing damage caused by oxidative injury and *** H_2s has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant because of its free-radicals＇ inhibition properties in addition to its beneficial effects in age-relatedconditions,therefore,patients may benefit from H2s salubrious effects not only by minimizing their oxidant and inflammatory injuries to retina but also by lowering retinal glutamate excitotoxicity.

关键词： eye diseases hydrogen sulfide treatment inflammation macula oxidative stress pyroptosis retinal degeneration

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Ionic Gravitation and Ionized solid Iron stellar Bodies

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第2期9卷 414-437页

作者： Gurcharn s. sandhu Independent Researcher Chandigarh India

A well-known but erroneous notion of electron degeneracy pressure has misled Astrophysics for nearly a century now. Because of their electrostatic interactions, the electrons can never exchange their momentum with positive ions through elastic collisions and hence can never provide the so-called electron degeneracy pressure in stellar cores to counter the effect of gravity. In situations of high core densities, when the mean separation distance between atoms or ions becomes less than the normal size of their parent atoms, their electrostatic repulsion will force them into a lattice gridlock, leading to a solid state. All degenerate stellar cores constitute a solid state and the radial and hoop stresses induced by self-gravitation are proportional to the square of radius (rsup>2sup>). As the size of a solid iron stellar core grows, its peripheral region will experience extreme compression and will get partially ionized due to the phenomenon of pressure ionization. All so-called Neutron stars and Black Holes are in fact Ionized solid Iron stellar Bodies (IsIsB). The presence of ions in the peripheral regions of the IsIsB will be associated with the circulation of degenerate electrons around the surface, thereby producing strong magnetic fields. A positive excess of ionic charge in all IsIsB becomes a source of Ionic Gravitation through the process of polarization of neutral atoms and molecules in stellar bodies. These IsIsB are the primary constituents of AGN and are the source of all non-stellar radiation and Jets of ionized matter.

关键词： solid Core Ionic Gravitation Hoop stress Magnetic Field Black Holes AGN

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Dynamic Electron Orbits in Atomic Hydrogen

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第11期14卷 1497-1525页

作者： Gurcharn s. sandhu Independent Researcher Chandigarh India

Even after extensive research in Quantum Mechanics, we are still unable to visualize instant-to-instant motion of an electron in hydrogen atom. That is because in QM treatment, potential energy term has been mistakenly assumed to be time-independent instead of depending on the instant-to-instant varying position of the orbiting electron [1]. This has led to wrong and weird solutions for the electron motion in hydrogen atom. Before the advent of wave mechanics, sommerfeld model of elliptical electron orbits was able to explain most features of hydrogen spectra, except for the features associated with electron spin and magnetic moment interactions. However, the sommerfeld elliptical orbits were of kinematic origin and could not provide visualization of instant-to-instant dynamic motion of the orbiting electron. Contrary to the QM perspective, we find that central core of the electron behaves as a classical particle while its electrostatic field behaves as a wave phenomenon. As such an electron under Coulomb force moves strictly in accordance with Newtonian laws of motion. In this paper, we develop dynamic electron orbits in hydrogen atom by using energy and angular momentum conservation principle in central force field. We have shown that during photon emission, angular momentum of the orbiting electron is changed by ħ due to recoil action. This may be the origin of various quantization rules. During emission of a photon, elliptical orbit transitions are also computed and plotted. Orbit transition time is of the order of 10sup>-16sup> seconds. We have extended this methodology to compute electron orbits in hydrogen molecular bond and computed the Hsub>2sub> bond energy.

关键词： sommerfeld Model schrödinger Equation Dynamic Electron Orbits Photon Emission

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Comparison of Resilient Backpropagation ＆ Fuzzy Clustering Based Approach for Prediction of Level of severity of Faults in software systems

Comparison of Resilient Backpropagation ＆ Fuzzy Clustering ...

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International Conference on Intelligent Computational systems

作者： Kritika Gupta sandeep Kang Parvinder s.sandhu Chandigarh Engineering College CsE Deptt. CEC (Chandigarh Engineering College) RayatBahra Institute of Engineering and Bio-Technology

There is lot of work done in prediction of the fault proneness of the software systems. But, it is the severity of the faults that is more important than number of faults existing in the developed system as the major faults matters most for a developer and those major faults needs immediate attention. As, Neural networks, which have been already applied in software engineering applications to build reliability growth models predict the gross change or reusability metrics. In which majority of faults are found in a few of its modules so there is a need to investigate the modules that are affected severely as compared to other modules and proper maintenance need to be done in time especially for the critical applications. In this paper, Resilient Backpropagation based Neural Network ＆ fuzzy clustering Based techniques are discussed and comparative analysis is performed in order to predict level of impact of faults in NAsA’s public domain defect dataset. Predicting faults in the software life cycle can be used to improve software process control and achieve high software reliability. The results show that when the best prediction techniques are evaluated.

关键词： Neural Network software Faults software Metric Fuzzy Clustering software Quality

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To Generate Rule for software Defect Predication on Quantitative and Qualitative Factors using Artificial Neural Networks

To Generate Rule for Software Defect Predication on Quantita...

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International Conference on Intelligent Computational systems

作者： Neha Gautam Parvinder s.sandhu sunil Khullar Department of Computer science Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering & Biotechnology

Fault-proneness of a software module is the probability that the module contains faults. A correlation exists between the fault-proneness of the software and the measurable attributes of the code（i.e. the static metrics） and of the testing（i.e. the dynamic metrics）. static code metrics such as Halstead complexity, Cyclomatic complexity, McC abe’s complexity measure are inefficient to measure quality. The use of single features of software to predict faults is uninformative. Therefore Artificial Neural Network is used for software defect prediction. An Artificial Neural Network（ANN） is an information-processing paradigm that is inspired by the way a biological nervous system in human brain works. Large number of neurons present in the human brain forms the key element of the neural network paradigm and act as elementary processing elements. These neurons are highly interconnected and work in unison to solve complex problems. Likewise, an Artificial Neural Network can be configured to solve a number of difficult and complex problems. Neural Network Approaches such as Multilayer Perceptron ＆ RBF are used for software Defect prediction on Quantitative and Qualitative factors.

关键词： Radial Basis Function(RBF) Artificial neural Network Multilayer Perceptron Cyclomatic complexity Mc Cabe’s complexity Halstead complexity

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Landscape changes have greater effects than climate changes on six insect pests in China

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science China(Life sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 627-633页

作者： Zihua Zhao Hardev s.sandhu Fang Ouyang Feng Ge state Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Entomology College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Everglades Research and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida

In recent years, global changes are the major causes of frequent, widespread outbreaks of pests in mosaic landscapes, which have received substantial attention worldwide. We collected data on global changes(landscape and climate) and economic damage caused by six main insect pests during 1951–2010 in China. Landscape changes had significant effects on all six insect pests. Pest damage increased significantly with increasing arable land area in agricultural landscapes. However, climate changes had no effect on damage caused by pests, except for the rice leaf roller(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee) and armyworm(Mythimna separate(Walker)), which caused less damage to crops with increasing mean temperature. Our results indicate that there is slight evidence of possible offset effects of climate changes on the increasing damage from these two agricultural pests. Landscape changes have caused serious outbreaks of several species, which suggests the possibility of the use of landscape design for the control of pest populations through habitat rearrangement. Landscape manipulation may be used as a green method to achieve sustainable pest management with minimal use of insecticides and herbicides.

关键词：景观变化农业害虫气候变化稻纵卷叶螟全球变化经济损失耕地面积农业景观

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A genetic algorithm based improved optimal sizing strategy for solar-wind-battery hybrid system using energy filter algorithm

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第1期14卷 139-151页

作者： Aeidapu MAHEsH Kanwarjit singh sandhu Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra136119India

In this paper,the genetic algorithm(GA)is applied to optimize a grid connected solar photovoltaic(PV)-wind-battery hybrid system using a novel energy filter *** main objective of this paper is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid system,while maintaining its *** with the reliability constraint,some of the important parameters,such as full utilization of complementary nature of PV and wind systems,fluctuations of power injected into the grid and the battery’s state of charge(sOC),have also been considered for the effective sizing of the hybrid system.A novel energy filter algorithm for smoothing the power injected into the grid has been *** validate the proposed method,a detailed case study has been *** results of the case study for different cases,with and without employing the energy filter algorithm,have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sizing strategy.

关键词： PV-wind-battery hybrid system size optimization genetic algorithm

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