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Effects of disturbance on small mammal community structure in the New Jersey Pinelands, USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第1期7卷 16-29页

作者： Alicia N.SHENKO walter F.BIEN James R.SPOTILA harold w.avery Department of Biology Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

we compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on warren Grove Gunnery Range(wGR)in the New Jersey *** is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare *** in the form of fire,mowing,soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and *** the 14 small mammal species that occur in the Pinelands,9 live on wGR,including large populations of the southern bog lemming(Synaptomys cooperi Baird,1858)and meadow jumping mouse[Zapus hudsonius(Zimmermann,1780)].Simpson’s Index of Diversity was 0 for most disturbed sites and was generally greater in wetlands than in ***-footed mouse[Peromyscus leucopus(Rafinesque,1818)]was the most common species on wGR and had a dominant effect on species diversity and community similarity *** dominated upland habitats and was the only species to occur in several disturbed habitats,whereas all 9 species occurred in *** components analysis indicated that most variation in species diversity was explained by disturbance and differences between upland and wetland habitats,due to presence of white-footed mice in disturbed and upland *** jumping mice,southern bog lemmings and red-back voles[Myodes gapperi(Vigors,1830)]were positively correlated with wetland habitats,and pine voles[Microtus pinetorum(Le Conte,1830)],short-tail shrews[Blarina brevicauda(Say,1823)]and eastern chipmunks[Tamias striatus(Linnaeus,1758)]were associated with *** heterogeneity at wGR,including extensive undisturbed wetlands and uplands supported a rich diversity of small mammal species.

关键词： disturbance mice military training Pine Barrens southern bog lemming

Mojave desert tortoise(Gopherus agassizii)thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 282-294页

作者： Annette E.SIEG Megan M.GAMBONE Bryan P.wALLACE Susana CLUSELLATRULLAS James R.SPOTILA harold w.avery Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-DearbornDearbornMichiganUSA HDR Plymouth MeetingPennsylvaniaUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNorth CarolinaUSA Stratus Consulting BoulderColoradoUSA Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7602South Africa Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Biology The College of New JerseyEwingNew JerseyUSA

Desert resource environments(***,food)are tied to limited,highly localized rainfall regimes which generate microgeographic variation in the life histories of ***,enhanced growth rates,reproduction and survivorship are observed in response to increased resource availability in a variety of desert plants and short-lived *** examined the thermal ecology and reproduction of US federally threatened Mojave desert tortoises(Gopherus agassizii),long-lived and large-bodied ectotherms,at opposite ends of a 250-m elevation-related rainfall cline within Ivanpah Valley in the eastern Mojave Desert,California,*** operative environments in both the upper-elevation,“Cima,”and the lower-elevation,“Pumphouse,”plots corresponded with daily and seasonal patterns of incident solar *** received 22%more rainfall and contained greater perennial vegetative cover,which conferred 5°C-cooler daytime shaded *** a monitored average rainfall year,Cima tortoises had longer potential activity periods by up to several hours and greater ephemeral *** resource availability in Cima was associated with larger-bodied females producing larger eggs,while still producing the same number of eggs as Pumphouse ***,reproductive success was lower in Cima because 90%of eggs were depredated versus 11%in Pumphouse,indicating that predatory interactions produced counter-gradient variation in reproductive success across the rainfall ***-use impacts on deserts(*** energy generation)are increasing rapidly,and conservation strategies designed to protect and recover threatened desert inhabitants,such as desert tortoises,should incorporate these strong ecosystem-level responses to regional resource variation in assessments of habitat for prospective development and mitigation efforts.

关键词： Gopherus agassizii operative environments reproductive ecology resource gradient

Targeting of elevated cell surface phosphatidylserine with saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine nanodrug as individual or combination therapy for pancreatic cancer

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 550-559页

作者： harold w Davis Ahmet Kaynak Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu Xiaoyang Qi Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineBrain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience InstituteCincinnatiOH 45267United States Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221United States

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest of cancers with a five-year survival of roughly 8%.Current therapies are:surgery,radiation and *** is curative only if the cancer is caught very early,which is rare,and the latter two modalities are only marginally effective and have significant side *** have developed a nanosome comprised of the lysosomal protein,saposin C(SapC)and the acidic phospholipid,dioleoylphosphatidylserine(DOPS).In the acidic tumor microenvironment,this molecule,SapC-DOPS,targets the phosphatidylserine cancer-biomarker which is predominantly elevated on the surface of cancer ***,SapC-DOPS can selectively target pancreatic tumors and ***,SapC-DOPS has exhibited an impressive safety profile with only a few minor side effects in both preclinical experiments and in phase I clinical *** the dismal outcomes for pancreatic cancer there is an urgent need for better treatments and SapC-DOPS is a good candidate for addition to the oncologist’s toolbox.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Saposin C Dioleoylphosphatidylserine Phosphatidylserine-targeted therapy Chemotherapy Radiation

Nanoscale imaging of electric pathways in epitaxial graphene nanoribbons

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Nano Research 2019年第7期12卷 1697-1702页

作者： Johannes Aprojanz Pantelis Bampoulis Alexei A. Zakharov harold J. w. Zandvliet Christoph Tegenkamp Institut fur Physik Technische Universitat ChemnitzChemnitz 09126Germany Institutfur Festkoperphysik Leibniz Universitat HannoverHannover 30167Germany Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials MESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NHThe Netherlands MAX TV Laboratory and Lund University Lund 22100Sweden

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are considered as major building blocks in future carbon-based *** electronic performance of graphene nanostructures is essentially influenced and determined by their edge termination and their supporting *** particular,semi-conducting,as well as metallic GNRs,can be fabricated by choosing the proper template which is favorable for device architecture *** study highlights the impact of microscopic details of the environment of the GNRs on the charge transport in *** means of lateral force,conductive atomic force and nanoprobe measurements,we explore the charge propagation in both zig-zag and armchair GNRs epitaxially grown on SiC *** directly image transport channels on the nanoscale and identify SiC substrate steps and nano-instabilities of SiC facets as dominant charge scattering centers.

关键词： sidewall graphene nanoribbons nanoprobe conductive-AFM nanoscale transport

Exploring the tectonostratigraphy of the Pakistan Himalaya with new detrital zircon geochronology and neodymium isotope data from the Kaghan Valley

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 117-132页

作者： w.Joel Schiffer Delores M.Robinson Shah Faisal harold H.Stowell Department of Geological Sciences and Center for Sedimentary Basin Studies University of AlabamaPO Box 870338TuscaloosaAL 35487USA National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25130Pakistan

In the central Himalaya,the Greater and Lesser Himalayan tectonostratigraphic zones can be distinguished from each other by combining detrital zircon U-Pb ages and whole-rock Nd isotopic *** the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis of northern Pakistan,rock units in the Kaghan valley have been variously assigned to the Tethyan,Greater,and Lesser Himalayan *** determine which tectonostratigraphic zones are represented,we sampled across the Batal thrust in the northern Kaghan valley because this structure is identified in some research as the Main Central *** from the footwall yield Paleo-to Mesoproterozoic maximum depositional ages(-1.8-1.1 Ga)and an averageεNd(0)value *** from the hanging wall yield Neoproterozoic maximum depositional ages(~1000-600 Ma)andεNd(0)values *** contrasting detrital zircon ages show that the Batal thrust in the Kaghan valley is a major structural ***,these data lack the characteristic detrital zircon age spectra andεNd(0)values of Greater and Lesser Himalayan rocks north and south of the Main Central thrust in the central Himalaya,***,either the Batal thrust is not the Main Central thrust,or the Main Central thrust in the Kaghan valley cuts a different structural level and carries rock units not seen outside the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis.

关键词： Pakistan Himalaya Tectonostratigraphy Main Central thrust Detrital zircon geochronology Neodymium isotopes

Context-free Grammars for Triangular Arrays

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第3期31卷 445-455页

作者： Robert X.J.HAO Larry X.w.wANG harold R.L.YANG Center for Combinatorics LPMC-TJKLC Nankai University

we consider context-free grammars of the form G = {f → f^b1＋b2＋1g^a1＋a2, g → f^b1 g^a1＋1},where ai and bi are integers sub ject to certain positivity conditions. Such a grammar G gives rise to triangular arrays {T（n, k）}0≤k≤n satisfying a three-term recurrence relation. Many combinatorial sequences can be generated in this way. Let Tn （x） =∑k=0^n T（n, k）x^k. Based on the differential operator with respect to G, we define a sequence of linear operators Pn such that Tn＋1（x） = Pn（Tn（x））. Applying the characterization of real stability preserving linear operators on the multivariate polynomials due to Borcea and Br？ndén, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the operator Pn to be real stability preserving for any n. As a consequence, we are led to a sufficient condition for the real-rootedness of the polynomials defined by certain triangular arrays, obtained by wang and ***, as special cases we obtain grammars that lead to identities involving the whitney numbers and the Bessel numbers.

关键词： Context-free grammar stable polynomials real-rootedness Bessel numbers whitneynumbers

Formation of (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal by Plant Enzymes: A Review Suggests a Role in the Physiology of Plants

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2016年第2期4卷 56-61页

作者： harold w. Gardner wild Edges Nature Preserve Carlisle PA USA (formerly ARS USDA)

It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.

关键词： (3Z)-Nonenal (3Z)-Hexenal (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-hexenal Lipoxygenase Hydroperoxide Peroxygenase Hydroperoxide Lyase (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-Nonenal 3 4-Epoxynonanal (2E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal Glycine max Vica faba Plant Pathogen

On the mystery of the absence of a spin-orbit gap in scanning tunneling microscopy spectra of germanene

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Journal of Semiconductors 2020年第8期41卷 59-62页

作者： Carolien Castenmiller harold J.w.Zandvliet Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials&MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente7500AE EnschedeThe Netherlands

Germanene,the germanium analogue of graphene,shares many properties with its carbon *** materials are two-dimensional materials that host Dirac *** are,however,also a few important differences between these two materials:(1)graphene has a planar honeycomb lattice,whereas germanene’s honeycomb lattice is buckled and(2)the spin-orbit gap in germanene is predicted to be about three orders of magnitude larger than the spin-orbit gap in graphene(24 meV for germanene versus 20μeV for graphene).Surprisingly,scanning tunneling spectra recorded on germanene layers synthesized on different substrates do not show any sign of the presence of a spin-orbit *** date the exact origin of the absence of this spin-orbit gap in the scanning tunneling spectra of germanene has remained a *** this work we show that the absence of the spin-orbit gap can be explained by germanene’s exceptionally low work function of only 3.8 *** difference in work function between germanene and the scanning tunneling microscopy tip(the work functions of most commonly used STM tips are in the range of 4.5 to 5.5 eV)gives rise to an electric field in the tunnel *** electric field results in a strong suppression of the size of the spin-orbit gap.

关键词： germanene spin-orbit coupling quantum spin Hall effect two-dimensional Dirac material

Solid phase microextraction(SPME) sampling under turbulent conditions and for the simultaneous collecting of tracer gases

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第4期25卷 559-563页

作者： Underwood Susanne w. Jong Edmund C. Luxbacher Kray D. Sarver Emily A. Ripepi Nino S. Mc Nair harold M. Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Tech Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech

Solid phase microextraction （SPME） is a solvent-flee method of sample collection. SPME is an appealing method for sample collection because it is designed for the sampling of trace level analytes with short sampling times in a variety of environments. Additionally, SPME can be used to directly deliver a sample to a gas chromatograph （GC） for analysis by means of thermal desorption. In this paper, the performance of SPME under dynamic conditions was investigated. Additionally, the competence of SPME sampling for the simultaneous analysis of multiple trace analytes was also evaluated. This work is discussed in the context of underground mine ventilation surveys but is applicable to any industry in which ventilation circuits must be evaluated. The results of this paper showed that the performance of the 100 ~m PDMS SPME fiber was both precise and rapid under dynamic conditions. This SPME fiber was also able to simultaneously collect sulfur hexafluoride （SF6） and perfluoromethylcyclohexane （PMCH） with adequate sensitivity.

关键词： Solid phase microextraction Sulfur hexafluoride Perfluoromethylcyclohexane Tracer gas Mine ventilation Air sampling