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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.Chapman Carmen Galan-Acedo j.n F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael j.Lawes Patrick A.Omej. Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance Forest regeneration

Interleukin-1:an important target for perinatal neuroprotection?

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中国神经再生研究：英文版 2023年第1期18卷 47-50页

作者： Sharmony B.Kelly Elys Green Rod W.Hunt Claudia A.Nold-Petry Alistair j.Gunn Marcel F.Nold Robert Galinsky The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Perinatal inflammation is a significant risk factor for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments such as cerebral *** clinical and preclinical evidence links the severity and pattern of perinatal inflammation to impaired maturation of white and grey matters and reduced brain *** pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of perinatal ***,studies of human and experimental perinatal encephalopathy have demonstrated a strong causative link between perinatal encephalopathy and excessive production of the pro-inflammatory effector cytokine *** this review,we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence that underpins interleukin-1 as a critical factor in initiating and perpatuating systemic and central nervous system inflammation and subsequent perinatal brain *** also highlight the important role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mitigating interleukin-1-driven neuroinflammation and tissue damage,and summarize outcomes from clinical and mechanistic animal studies that establish the commercially available interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,anakinra,as a safe and effective therapeutic *** reflect on the evidence supporting clinical translation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for infants at the greatest risk of perinatal inflammation and impaired neurodevelopment,and suggest a path to advance interleukin-1 receptor antagonist along the translational path for perinatal neuroprotection.

关键词： brain inflammation interleukin-1 receptor antagonist interleukin-1 interleukin-1β neonatal encephalopathy neuroprotection preterm brain inj.ry

Barrett’s esophagus following treatment of achalasia with botulinum toxin

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Open j.urnal of Gastroenterology（肠胃病学期刊） 2012年第4期

作者： Christopher D. Wells Susanne Carpenter Kevin L. Huguet Daniel j. Krochmal David E. Fleischer Kristi L. harold

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成人缺血性卒中早期处理指南

国际脑血管病杂志 2007年第6期15卷 401-450页

作者： harold P. Adams Gregory del Zoppo Mark j. Alberts Deepak L. Bhatt Lawrence Brass Anthony Furlan Robert L. Grubb Randall T. Higashida Edward C. j.uch Chelsea Kidwell Patrick D. Lyden Lewis B. Morgenstern Adnan I. Qureshi Robert H. Rosenwasser Phillip A. Scott Eelco F.M. Wij.icks 李焰生（译）熊昕丽（译）林岩（译）沈沸（译）俞羚（译）邹静（译）张静芳（译）孙亚蒙（译）周洁茹（译）蒋仙国（译）陈莺（译）不详上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科 200127

本指南旨在对成年急性缺血性卒中患者评价和治疗各要素的现有证据做一回顾。目标读者是那些为发病后48h内的卒中患者提供治疗的内科医生和其他急诊医疗保健人员。另外，也包括向医疗保健政策制定者提供的信息。方法：专家小组成员由美... 详细信息

本指南旨在对成年急性缺血性卒中患者评价和治疗各要素的现有证据做一回顾。目标读者是那些为发病后48h内的卒中患者提供治疗的内科医生和其他急诊医疗保健人员。另外，也包括向医疗保健政策制定者提供的信息。方法：专家小组成员由美国心脏协会（AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会任命，他们代表了来自不同领域的专家。专家小组以2003年后发表的报道为重点，对相关文献进行回顾，采用AHA卒中委员会的证据水平分级标准对证据进行分级并做出推荐。本声明经专家小组认可后，再由AHA科学顾问和协调委员会进行同行评议和正式批准。本指南打算在3年内做全面更新。结果：对急性缺血性卒中患者的处理仍然是多方面的，包括尚未在临床试验中进行过验证的一些医疗诊治方面。本声明包括从急诊医疗服务人员开始接触患者到入院初期处理的推荐意见。静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂仍然是已得到证实的最有效的卒中急诊治疗干预方法。包括动脉应用溶栓药和机械介入在内的一些方法显示出希望。因为许多推荐是在有限的证据基础上做出的，因此需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行更多的研究。

关键词： AHA科学声明急诊医疗服务卒中急性脑梗死组织型纤溶酶原激活剂

肾功能和疾病规范命名:改善全球肾脏病预后(KDIGO)会议共识

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临床儿科杂志 2022年第8期40卷 627-633页

作者：王忍高春林夏正坤张沛(译) 东部战区总医院儿科江苏南京210002

为规范描述肾功能和疾病的专业术语,2019年6月改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)召开共识会议,对肾脏功能和疾病、肾衰竭、急性肾脏病和急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病及肾脏评估共5个部分的内容制定了相应的术语表,并就以下建议达成共识。①对于... 详细信息

为规范描述肾功能和疾病的专业术语,2019年6月改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)召开共识会议,对肾脏功能和疾病、肾衰竭、急性肾脏病和急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病及肾脏评估共5个部分的内容制定了相应的术语表,并就以下建议达成共识。①对于肾脏功能和疾病的一般描述,使用术语“kidney”,而不使用“renal”或前缀“nephro-”;②使用“肾衰竭(kidney failure)”并适当描述是否存在相应症状、体征和治疗,而不是“终末期肾脏疾病(end-stage kidney disease)”;③使用KDIGO对急性肾脏病(AKD)和急性肾损伤(AKI)进行定义和分类;④使用KDIGO对慢性肾脏病(CKD)进行定义和分类;⑤使用特定的肾脏检测指标,例如蛋白尿或肾小球滤过率(GFR)降低,而不是肾功能“异常(abnormal)”或“降低(reduced)”来描述肾脏结构和功能的改变。文章简要总结会议的主要讨论。

关键词：肾脏功能肾脏疾病术语

太阳能的再生本实验将使人类有可能利用太阳——核聚变作动力产生能量

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世界科学 1982年第7期 16-21页

作者： j.Bernsteln 张公婷史蒂文斯理工学院物理学教授和纽约时报的专栏作家

新泽西州的普林斯顿至太阳中心的距离是遥远的,但这却是担任普林斯顿等离子物理实验室主任已一年的哈罗德P.弗思(harold ***)准备登程的旅途。该实验室主任正打算协同美国、西欧、苏联、日本和中国一起,探索在地球上再现太阳中心的各种... 详细信息

新泽西州的普林斯顿至太阳中心的距离是遥远的,但这却是担任普林斯顿等离子物理实验室主任已一年的哈罗德P.弗思(harold ***)准备登程的旅途。该实验室主任正打算协同美国、西欧、苏联、日本和中国一起,探索在地球上再现太阳中心的各种条件,以便用核聚变方法产生象太阳所能发出的热量。

关键词：托卡马克弗思环形室温度条件聚变反应堆裂变反应堆核裂变堆约束等离子体太阳恒星人类

Small bowel carcinoid: Location isn’t everything!

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World j.urnal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013年第8期5卷 239-244页

作者： Danielle M Hari Stephanie L Goff Heidi j.Reich Anna M Leung Myung-Shin Sim j. Hey Lee Edward Wolin Farin Amersi Gastrointestinal Research Program John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Division of Surgical Oncology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Biostatistics John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center

AIM: To investigate the prognostic significance of the primary site of disease for small bowel carcinoid(SBC) using a population-based ***: The Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results(SEER) database was queried for histologically confirmed SBC between the years 1988 and *** survival(OS) and disease-specific survival(DSS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using Log rank *** rank and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of survival using age,year of diagnosis,race,gender,tumor histology/size/location,tumor-node-metastasis stage,number of lymph nodes(LNs) examined and percent of LNs with ***: Of the 3763 patients,51.2% were male with a mean age of 62.13 *** follow-up was 50 *** 10-year OS and DSS for duodenal primaries were significantly better when compared to j.j.nal and ileal primaries(P = 0.02 and j.sting for multiple factors,primary site location was not a significant predictor of survival(P = 0.752 for OS and P = 0.966 DSS) while age,number of primaries,number of LNs examined,T-stage and M-stage were independent predictors of ***: This 21-year,population-based study of SBC challenges the concept that location of the primary lesion alone is a significant predictor of survival.

关键词： Small bowel carcinoid Primary tumor location Survival Prognosis National Comprehensive Cancer network guidelines

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与重症患者讨论预后和治疗期望

英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第10期25卷 575-578页

作者： j.stin j.Sanders Leigh Manson Deborah Constien j.mes Downar 蒋子涵(译) Pallative Care McGill Department of F amily MedicineMeGill UniversityMontreal Ariadne Labs Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts Health Quality and Safety Commission New Zealand Madison Wisconsin Department of Medicine University of Ottawa bruyere Continuing Care Ottawa 中国医学科学院阜外医院心内科

医疗技术的进步使医生具有了前所未有的能力来延长患者寿命。然而,这种能力却不一定能帮助到身患重症的患者。重症是指死亡风险高、生活能力低、生活质量差、医护及家属照看压力大的疾病状态。对于重症患者来说,单纯延长生命可能并不是... 详细信息

医疗技术的进步使医生具有了前所未有的能力来延长患者寿命。然而,这种能力却不一定能帮助到身患重症的患者。重症是指死亡风险高、生活能力低、生活质量差、医护及家属照看压力大的疾病状态。对于重症患者来说,单纯延长生命可能并不是他们所期望的治疗目标,并可能会增加他们和家人的痛苦。

关键词：死亡风险重症患者疾病状态延长生命医护期望质量差

缺血性卒中患者的早期处理指南——美国卒中学会卒中委员会科学声明

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国外医学（脑血管疾病分册） 2003年第5期11卷 323-339页

作者：曲东锋陈兴洲李宏建倪长江 harold P.Adams j. Robert j.Adams Thomas Brott Gregory j.del Zoppo Anthony Furlan Larry B.Goldstein Robert L.Grubb Randall Higashida Chelsea Kidwell Thomas G.Kwiatkowski j.hn R.Marler George j.Hadermenos 210099 南京第二军医大学南京军医学院

1994年,美国心脏学会(AHA)卒中委员会委托一个专门研究小组撰写了急性缺血性卒中患者的处理指南[1].1996年,在静脉rtPA治疗急性缺血性卒中得到食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准后,这项指南又补充了一系列的推荐[2].

关键词：缺血性卒中早期处理美国心脏学会 AHA 出血性卒中 MRI检查治疗