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Water Vapor Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific from 20-year Radiosonde Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 752-766页

作者： junhong Wang, harold l. Cole and David j. Carlson National Center for Atmospheric Research P. O, Box 3000,Boulder, CO 80307 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder USA

The 20-year (1976-1995) daily radinsonde data at 17 stations in the tropical western Pacific was ana- lyzed. The analysls shows that the atmosphere is more humid in a warmer climate on seasonal,inter-annual and long-term (20-year) time scales, implying a positive water vapor feedback The vertlcal structure of the long-term trends in relative humidity (RH) is distinct from that on short-term (seasonal and inter-annual) time scales, suggesting that observed water vapor changes on short time scales could not be considered as a surrogate of long-term climate change. The increasing trend of RH (3%-5% / decade) in the upper troposphere is stronger than that in the lower troposphere (1 %-2% / decade). Such verthal structure would amplify positive water vapor feedback in comparison to the common assumption of constant RH changes vertically. The empicical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of vertical structure of RH varmtions shows distinct features of the vert1cal structure of the first three EOFs. The first three EOFs are optimal for repre- sentation of water vapor profiles and provide some hints on physical mechanisms respons1ble for observed humidity variability. Vaisala radiosondes were used at nine stations, and VIZ radiosondes used at other eight stations The Vaisala data are corrected for temperature-dependence error using the correction siheme developed by NCAR / ATD and Vaisala. The comparison of Vaisala and VIZ data shows that the VIZ-measured RHs after October 1993 have a moist bias of - 10% at RHs l changes in- cluding both instruments and reporting practice have been made at Vaisala stations and introduce errors to long-term RH variations.

关键词： Water vapor Radiosonde

Effect of estrogen on manganese-induced toxicity on embryonic astrocytes

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第10期4卷 9-15页

作者： Tyler T. Huynh Kimberly j. Baker harold l. Komiskey Department of Biomedical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-GA Campus Suwanee USA

Manganese (Mn) is a natural trace metal that is essential for many physiological functions in the human body. Astrocytes in the central nervous system are susceptible reservoirs for Mn accumulation. Estrogen, a steroidal hormone, has been shown to mitigate Mn-induced toxicity in cultures of postnatal astrocytes. However, differences in expression/inducibility of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase, transmitters, and the natural gonadal steroids and their receptors are known to occur in astrocyte cultures derived from various stages of fetal and postnatal development. Cultures of embryonic (E18) hippocampal astrocytes were examined in this study for the ability of 17 β-estradiol (E2) to protect them from Mn toxicity by up regulating gene expression of a glutamate transporter. Primary rat hippocampal astrocytes were pretreated with β-Estradiol (E2) in vitro and subsequently, Mn sulfate (MnSO4). The amount of toxic damage to the astrocytes was measured by quantifying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with a sandwiched Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ElISA). ElISA analysis indicated Mn exposure at 100 μM, 300 μM, or 600 μM significantly increased GFAP levels. However, E2 concentrations at 10 nM or 30 nM significantly reduced Mn-induced GFAP concentrations at 100 μM. Cells pretreated with 10 nM or 30 nM of E2 significantly lowered GFAP levels. The Water-Soluble Tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) method was utilized to determine cell viability. The WST-8 assay showed that Mn concentrations of 100 μM, 300 μM, or 600 μM significantly reduced the dehydrogenase activity, thereby decreasing the number of viable astrocytes. Enzyme activity with 600 μM of Mn was significantly decreased when compared with 100 μM of Mn, revealing a dose-dependent effect. However, the dehydrogenase activity in cells treated with 600 μM Mn was significantly increased when pretreated with 10 nM of E2. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure changes in gluta

关键词： Astrocytes Estrogen Embryonic Manganese Hippocampus

Barrett’s esophagus following treatment of achalasia with botulinum toxin

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Open journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第4期2卷 168-171页

作者： Christopher D. Wells Susanne Carpenter Kevin l. Huguet Daniel j. Krochmal David E. Fleischer Kristi l. harold Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester USA Division of Gastroenterology Mayo Clinic Rochester USA

Achalasia is an uncommon primary motor disorder of the esophagus with an annual incidence of 0.8/100,000. Very few cases of coexistent Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and achalasia in patients without prior surgical myotomy or pneumatic dilation have been reported. We report the case of a 65 year old female who was diagnosed with achalasia in june 2002. Endoscopy at that time revealed biopsy-confirmed normal esophageal mucosa. The patient subsequently underwent two trials of botox injection with progressively worsening dysphagia. A repeat endoscopy two years later showed a short segment of salmon-colored mucosa in the distal esophagus which was biopsy-confirmed Barrett’s epithelium with no dysplasia. The patient eventually underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Toupet fundoplication. Postoperatively, she recovered well and with significant alleviation of her dysphagia. This study reviews reported cases of coexistent achalasia and BE, and discusses possible etiologies of concurrent BE and achalasia, and implications for treatment.

关键词： Barrett’s Esophagus Achalasia Botulinum Toxin

Reversible hydrogenation restores defected graphene to graphene

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第6期64卷 1047-1056页

作者： lin jiang Pauline MGvan Deursen Hadi Arjmandi-Tash liubov ABelyaeva Haoyuan Qi jiao He Vincent Kofman longfei Wu Valery Muravev Ute Kaiser harold linnartz Emiel jMHensen jan PHofmann Grégory FSchneider leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333CC LeidenThe Netherlands Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 11Ulm 89081Germany laboratory for Astrophysics Leiden ObservatoryLeiden UniversityNiels Bohrweg 22333 CA LeidenThe Netherlands laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O.Box 5135600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden(cfaed)and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden010069 DresdenGermany

Graphene as a two-dimensional material is prone to hydrocarbon contaminations,which can significantly alter its intrinsic electrical ***,we implement a facile hydrogenation-dehydrogenation strategy to remove hydrocarbon contaminations and preserve the excellent transport properties of monolayer *** electron microscopy we quantitatively characterized the improved cleanness of hydrogenated graphene compared to untreated *** situ spectroscopic investigations revealed that the hydrogenation treatment promoted the adsorption of water at the graphene surface,resulting in a protective layer against the re-deposition of hydrocarbon ***,the further dehydrogenation of hydrogenated graphene rendered a more pristine-like basal plane with improved carrier mobility compared to untreated pristine *** findings provide a practical post-growth cleaning protocol for graphene with maintained surface cleanness and lattice integrity to systematically carry a range of surface chemistry in the form of a well-performing and reproducible transistor.

关键词： graphene reversible hydrogenation surface cleanness in situ spectroscopy transistors

Religious Involvement, Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness

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Open journal of Psychiatry 2014年第4期4卷 335-352页

作者： Denise l. Bellinger lee S. Berk harold G. Koenig Noha Daher Michelle j. Pearce Clive j. Robins Bruce Nelson Sally F. Shaw Harvey jay Cohen Michael B. King Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy School of Medicine Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA Allied Health Studies School of Allied Health Professions Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA Center for Spirituality Theology and Health Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Epidemiology Biostatistics and Population Medicine School of Public Health Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Research Glendale Adventist Medical Center Glendale CA USA Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London UK

Background: Religious practices/experiences (RPE) may produce positive physiological changes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness. Here, we report cross-sectional relationships between depressive symptoms, RPE and stress biomarkers (pro-/anti-inflammatory measures and stress hormones), hypothesizing positive associations between depressive symptoms and stress biomarkers and inverse associations between RPE and stress biomarkers. Methods: We recruited 132 individuals with both MDD and chronic illness into a randomized clinical trial. First, stress biomarkers in the baseline sample were compared to biomarker levels from a community sample. Second, relationships between depressive symptoms and biomarkers were examined, and, finally, relationships between RPE and biomarkers were analyzed, controlling for demographics, depressive symptoms, and physical functioning. Results: As expected, inflammatory markers and stress hormones were higher in our sample with MDD compared to community participants. In the current sample, however, depressive symptoms were largely unrelated to stress biomarkers, and were unexpectedly inversely related to proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, Il-1β). likewise, while RPE were largely unrelated to stress biomarkers, they were related to the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-1RA and the stress hormone norepinephrine in expected directions. Unexpectedly, RPE were also positively related to the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and to IFN-γ/Il-4 and IFN-γ/Il-10 ratios. Conclusions: little evidence was found for a consistent pattern of relationships between depressive symptoms or religiosity and stress biomarkers. Of the few significant relationships, unexpected findings predominated. Future research is needed to determine whether religious interventions can alter stress biomarkers over time in MDD.

关键词： Religiosity Depression Inflammation Immune Function Stress Hormones

Effects of Religious vs. Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Open journal of Psychiatry 2015年第3期5卷 238-259页

作者： lee S. Berk Denise l. Bellinger harold G. Koenig Noha Daher Michelle j. Pearce Clive j. Robins Bruce Nelson Sally F. Shaw Harvey jay Cohen Michael B. King Allied Health Studies School of Allied Health Professions Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy School of Medicine Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA Center for Spirituality Theology and Health Duke University Durham USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Epidemiology Biostatistics and Population Medicine School of Public Health Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Department of Research Glendale Adventist Medical Center Glendale USA Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London UK

Background: Depressive disorder is often accompanied by physiological changes that may adversely affect the course of medical illness, including an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We examine the effects of religious cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) vs. conventional CBT (CCBT) on pro-/anti-inflammatory indicators and stress hormones in 132 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness who were recruited into a multi-site randomized clinical trial. Biomarkers (C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, Il-1β, IFN-γ, Il-6, Il-12-p70), anti-inflammatory cytokines (Il1ra, Il-4, Il-10), and stress hormones (urinary cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Differential effects of baseline religiosity on treatment response were also examined, along with effects of religiosity on changes in biomarkers over time independent of treatment group. Biomarker levels were log transformed where possible to normalize distributions. Mixed models were used to examine trajectories of change. Results: CRP increased and Il-4, Il-10, and epinephrine decreased over time, mostly in the opposite direction expected (except epinephrine). No significant difference between RCBT and CCBT was found on average trajectory of change in any biomarkers. Religiosity interacted with treatment group in effects on Il-6, such that CCBT was more effective than RCBT in lowering ll-6 in those with low religiosity whereas RCBT appeared to be more effective than CCBT in those with high religiosity. Higher baseline religiosity also tended to predict an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and Il-12 (p70) and urinary cortisol over time. Conclusions: RCBT and CCBT had similar effects on stress biomarkers. CCBT was more effective in reducing Il-6 levels in those with low religiosity, whereas RCBT tended to be more effective in those with high religiosity. Unexpectedly, higher baseline religiosity w

关键词： Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Religion Depression Inflammation Immune Function Stress Hormones

Ionosphere disturbances observed throughout Southeast Asia of the superstorm of 20-22 November 2003

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Ionosphere disturbances observed throughout Southeast Asia o...

一种新型无毒的聚氨酯加工设备清洗剂(译文)

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： K.Tschu K.Igarashi T.Kikuchi K.Nozaki S.Watari l.j.Paxton harold P.Bulanon Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology TokyoJapan. Applied Physics laboratory Johns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMarylandUSA. physics Department Optoelectronics GroupUniversity of San CarlosCebu CityPhilippines.

[1]Ionospheric disturbances in the Southeast Asian region during the super magnetic storm of 20-22 November 2003 were investigated through an ionosonde chain and a GPS network assisted by the space-borne *** early stage of the storm in the postsunset sector,large enhancements in the critical frequency of F layer and total electron content were observed at northern crest region of the equatorial ionization anomaly(EIA), which might be produced by both the storm meridional wind superimposed with traveling atmospheric disturbances and prompt penetration electric field(PPE).During the main phase of the storm when interplanetary magnetic field started a 12-h southward turning, equatorial ionosphere was elevated to a very high level which should be most probably caused by a long-duration PPE ***,at mid-low latitudes,ionosphere witnessed an initial simultaneous decrease then followed by drastic increases,which is very different from the past observations in this region(Reddy and Nishida,1992). Combined analysis of the data from the ionosonde and other space-based measurement shows that for the present case the penetration efficiency of the interplanetary electric field(IEF) to the equatorial ionosphere was larger at night than in the daytime,which agrees with the results of Fejer et al.(2007) showing the ratios of PPE and IEF changes were highly variable with the local *** the recovery phase,EIA was severely inhibited owing to a wind convergence and possibly because of the westward disturbance dynamo electric field.

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来源： cnki会议评论

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橡胶技术与装备 1991年第6期17卷 51-55页

作者： harold l.j.ckson Richard j. Gallagher jr 李贵君伍江涛化工部北京橡胶工业研究设计院

这种二元酯所具有的溶解力,人员安全性及循环使用性等特点,使之成为一种理想的清洗剂,可以用来清洗聚氨酯加工设备的搅拌机机头。使用浇铸聚氨酯加工设备时,需要对搅拌机机头进行定期清理和冲洗;长期以来,标准的清洗方法是先用泵将清洗... 详细信息

这种二元酯所具有的溶解力,人员安全性及循环使用性等特点,使之成为一种理想的清洗剂,可以用来清洗聚氨酯加工设备的搅拌机机头。使用浇铸聚氨酯加工设备时,需要对搅拌机机头进行定期清理和冲洗;长期以来,标准的清洗方法是先用泵将清洗剂注入。

关键词：聚氨酯设备清洗剂

Multiscale computational understanding and growth of 2D materials:a review

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1484-1501页

作者： Kasra Momeni Yanzhou ji Yuanxi Wang Shiddartha Paul Sara Neshani Dundar E.Yilmaz Yun Kyung Shin Difan Zhang jin-Wu jiang harold S.Park Susan Sinnott Adri van Duin Vincent Crespi long-Qing Chen Mechanical Engineering Department Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71272USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLAUSA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA 2-Dimensional Crystal Consortium The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Electrical Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50010USA Mechanical Engineering Department The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Mathematics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

The successful discovery and isolation of graphene in 2004,and the subsequent synthesis of layered semiconductors and heterostructures beyond graphene have led to the exploding field of two-dimensional(2D)materials that explore their growth,new atomic-scale physics,and potential device *** review aims to provide an overview of theoretical,computational,and machine learning methods and tools at multiple length and time scales,and discuss how they can be utilized to assist/guide the design and synthesis of 2D materials beyond graphene.

关键词： synthesis utilized subsequent