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Performance and Capacity Planning of NGN

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2011年第11期4卷 756-760页

作者： Mustafa Shakir mahmood Ashraf khan Shahzad A Malik Izhar ul Haq 不详

There have been various emerging trends in the deployment of telecom networks recently. Due to liberalization and technological advancements a common core network for voice and data based on MPLS has been implemented by Telecom service providers. By offering a variety of data and multimedia services, the revenue generating process can also be maximized. The economic and regulation trends also have to be synchronized for the proper and step by step replacement of traditional network by NGN. The current flow is to provide users with multitude of services thus meeting their high demands and enhancing revenues for network operators. Class 5 and Class 4 are our legacy circuit switches based upon TDM to transport voice. For handling control functions, call setup and teardown SS7 signaling was used. The traditional network was designed to support voice services only not being able to meet customers’ demands who require a variety of services at an optimum cost. The aim of this work is to present the role of NGN encompassing the telecom network, architecture and technologies. Also it has emerged as a new platform to decrease the CAPEX and OPEX of overall network infrastructure and to maximize their revenues. In this paper, we present an upcoming architecture for the transition to NGN which is future proof for going through the migration phase along with the capacity and planning of our network.

关键词： Next Generation Network Convergence MSAN Softswitch FTTH

Decision-Making Problems under the Environment of m-Polar Diophantine Neutrosophic N-Soft Set

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第1期130卷 581-606页

作者： Shouzhen Zeng Shahbaz Ali Muhammad Khalid mahmood Florentin Smarandache Daud Ahmad School of Business Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China College of Statistics andMathematics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou310018China Department of Mathematics Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Science University of NewMexicoGallupNM87301USA

Fuzzy models are present everywhere from natural to artificial structures,embodying the dynamic processes in physical,biological,and social *** real-life problems are often uncertain on account of inconsistent and indeterminate information,it seems very demanding for an expert to solve those problems using a fuzzy *** this regard,we develop a hybrid new model m-polar Diophantine neutrosophic N-soft set which is based on neutrosophic set and soft ***,we define several different sorts of compliments on the proposed set.A proposed set is a generalized form of fuzzy,soft,Pythagorean fuzzy,Pythagorean fuzzy soft,and Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft *** thismanner,m-polar Diophantine neutrosophic N-soft set is more proficient,a versatile model to oversee vulnerabilities as it likewise survives the downsides of existing models which are to be summed ***,we give the application of the proposed set in multi-attribute decision-making problems by defining a new choice-value function.

关键词： Neutrosophic set soft set N-soft set m-polar diophantine neutrosophic N-soft set decision making

Surface Tension, Density and Viscosity Studies on the Associative Behaviour of Oxyethylene-Oxybutylene Diblock Copolymers in Water at Different Temperatures

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2012年第1期2卷 82-92页

作者： Abbas khan Iram Bibi Seemab Pervaiz Khalid mahmood Mohammad Siddiq Mohammad Siddiq Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan Department of Chemistry Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

The associative properties of methoxy (CH3O-) ended E58B11 and hydroxyl (-OH) ended E56B19 oxyethylene-oxybuty- lene diblock copolymers in aqueous solution at different temperature are reported in this paper. For both copolymers, E represents an oxyethylene (-[CH2CH2O]-) unit and B an oxybutylene (-[CH(C2H5)CH2O]-) unit while the subscripts denote the number average block length. Surface tension measurements were used to find out surface excess concentrations (Γm), area per molecule (αs1 ) at air/water interface and Gibbs free energy for adsorption (△G0ads ) for the pre-micellar region at four temperatures. Likewise thermodynamic parameters of micellization such as, critical micelle concentrations (CMC), enthalpy of micellization (△H0mic ), standard free energy of micellization (△G0mic) and entropy of micellization (△S0mic ), were also obtained using surface tension measurements. Solution densities were used to deter-mine the partial specific volume of micelle ( Vmic) and micellar density (ρmic). Dilute solution viscosities have been used to estimate the intrinsic viscosities [η], solute-solvent interaction parameter (KH) and hydration value of micelle (Wh) at various temperatures. The effect of temperature on the micelle properties is also discussed.

关键词： Block Copolymers Adsorption Micellization Surface Tension Density Viscosity

Modeling and Analysis of SO<sub>2</sub>Emissions under Fast Fluidized Bed Conditions Using One Dimensional Model

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2014年第3期4卷 327-338页

作者： Khurram Shahzad mahmood Saleem Moinuddin Ghauri Waqar Ali khan Niaz Ahmed Akhtar Centre for Coal Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Comsats Institute of IT Lahore Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan NFC-IEFR Faisalabad Pakistan

Fluidized bed combustion behavior of coal and biomass is of practical interest due to its significant involvement in heating systems and power plant operations. This combustion behavior has been studied by many experimental techniques along with different kinetic models. In this study, SO2 emissions have been studied out in a pilot scale test facility of Circulating Fluidized Bed combustor (70 KW) under fast fluidized bed conditions burning coal with Pakistani wheat straw. One dimensional Mathematical model is being developed to predict the SO2 emissions under different operating conditions like bed temperature, Ca/S molar ratio, solids circulation rate, excess air ratio and secondary to primary air ratio. These parameters are varied to validate the model and encouraging correlation is found between the experimental values and model predictions.

关键词： Fast Fluidization Emissions Modelling

Impact of climate change on agriculture during winter season over Pakistan

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1007-1018页

作者： Khalid M. Malik Arif mahmood Dildar Hussain Kazmi Jan Muhammad khan Director General Pakistan Meteorological Department Islamabad Pakistan Director National Agromet Center Pakistan Meteorological Department Islamabad Pakistan Director Pakistan Meteorological Department Islamabad Pakistan Meteorologist National Agromet Center Pakistan Meteorological Department Islamabad Pakistan

This study has been carried out to investigate the impact of climate change over Pakistan and its surrounding areas (60° - 80°E and 20°- 40° N) during winter seasons (December-February). Variability in three meteorological parameters such as: rainfall;air temperature;and moisture transport, has been investigated. Global Pre- cipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) data for precipitation and National Centre for Environ- mental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data for computation of Moisture Flux Convergence (MFC) and temperature have been used for the period of 49 years (1961 to 2009). The study period has been divided into three phases on basis of pre- cipitation anomaly i.e., before climate change scenario (1961-1985), transition period (1986- 1999) and after climate change scenario (2000- 2009).Variability in precipitation has been ob- served in three different ways such as, slightly increase in magnitudes, decrease in rainy days and shifting of precipitation pattern towards south of the country. Moisture transport from the surrounding has decreased with increase in precipitation which is indirectly associated with decreases in mass deposit on the glaciers. In- crease in temperature is more prominent over upper and lower part as compared to the central parts of the country. Uncertainty in precipitation has also been observed. Shift of precipitation over southern parts showed positive impact over agriculture sector. As a result, Rabi crop yield has increased during last decade over southern parts of the country.

关键词： Cloud Burst Seasonal Temperature Moisture Transport Shift in Precipitation

Detectability and reliability analysis of the local seismic network in Pakistan

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第1期16卷 59-66页

作者： M. Qaisar T. mahmood S. A. khan Micro Seismic Studies Program, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan Micro Seismic Studies Program Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Islamabad Pakistan

The detectability and reliability analysis for the local seismic network is performed employing by Bungum and Husebye technique. The events were relocated using standard computer codes for hypocentral locations. The detectability levels are estimated from the twenty-five years of recorded data in terms of 50%, 90% and 100% cumulative detectability thresholds, which were derived from frequency-magnitude distribution. From this analysis the 100% level of detectability of the network is M L=1.7 for events which occur within the network. The accuracy in hypocentral solutions of the network is investigated by considering the fixed real hypocenter within the network. The epicentral errors are found to be less than 4 km when the events occur within the network. Finally, the problems faced during continuous operation of the local network, which effects its detectability, are discussed.

关键词： local seismic network detectability Pakistan

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic and Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Zanthoxylum rhetsa</i>Root Bark with Two Isolated Quinolone Alkaloids

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第3期10卷 137-145页

作者： Fatema Tuz Zohora Sheikh Nazrul Islam Shibbir Ahmed khan Choudhury mahmood Hasan Monira Ahsan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Manarat International University Dhaka Bangladesh Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh

The background of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether (PE), carbon tetrachloride (CTC), chloroform (CF) and aqueous (AQ) soluble fractions of crude methanolic Zanthoxylum rhetsa root bark with two isolated quinolone alkaloids, 8-methoxy-n-methylflindersine (1) and zanthodioline (2). Structures were characterized by 1D NMR analyses. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using DPPH assay and antimicrobial activity was screened by disc diffusion method. An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to evaluate the clot lysis effect of different extracts of root bark of Z. rhetsa along with streptokinase as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control and the cytotoxic activity of different extracts of Z. rhetsa root bark was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. AQ fraction exhibited strongest antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity among four fractions. The CTC and CF soluble fractions exhibited significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity. CTC and AQ fractions gave highest anti-bacterial activity against Vibrio cholera and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively. Compound 1 showed significant activity at a concentration of 100 μgm/disc against Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella paratyphi-A, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei with high antioxidant activity. The antioxidant, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activity of 8-methoxy-n-methylflindersine and zanthodioline are the first record from root bark of this plant.

关键词： Zanthoxylum rhetsa Antioxidant Thrombolytic Antimicrobial 8-Methoxy-n-Methylflindersine Zanthodioline

Facile synthesis of graphene anchored rare earth doped mixed metal ferrite nanorods:A potential candidate for azo dye mineralization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 907-916,I0004页

作者： Tehmina Kousar Muhammad Aadil Sonia Zulfiqar Sobhy MIbrahim Sidra Mubeen Warda Hassan Kashuf Shafiq Farzana mahmood Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Department of Chemistry Rahim Yar Khan CampusThe Islarnia University of BahawalpurRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ostrava30.Dubna 22Ostrava70103Czech Republic Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State UniversitySweeney Hall618 Bissell RoadAmeslowa50011United States Department of Biochemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityPO.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabi Department of Chemistry The Women University Multan66000Pakistan

Bandgap tuning using rare earth metals as dopants in ferrite-based photocatalytic materials has received a lot of interest because the Fermi 4f energy of these metals generates a sub-energy state in the bandgap generated by the overlapping of Fe-3d and O-2p ***,dysprosium-doped cobalt-nickel mixed ferrite(D-CNFO)and its graphene-reinforced composite(D-CNFO@G)were prepared and an ideal photocatalyst material for azo dye mineralization was proposed.A cost-effective combination of wetchemical and ultrasonication methods was used to prepare the doped and composite *** characterization methodologies were used to scrutinize the optical,compositional,structural,morphological,and photocatalytic characteristics of as-prepared *** X-ray diffraction analysis identified the spinel phase's(cubic)structure,while the electronic spectroscopy examination confirmed the prepared samples'rod-like *** UV/visible absorbance spectrum shows the higher light harvesting behavior of the D-CNFO@G in the visible *** mineralization performance of the DCNFO and D-CNFO@G composites was analyzed using Congo-red(an anionic dye),a well-known azo *** D-CNFO@G sample removes Congo-red dye at a rate almost 2.4%faster than the D-CNFO *** experiment involving trapping free radicals indicates that hydroxyl radical play s a crucial role in dye *** the D-CNFO@G catalyst is magnetic and can be isolated easily from the photocatalytic system,it shows an awkward cycle activity of more than 96%after five mineralization *** asprepared D-CNFO@G composite is proved as an excellent option for azo dye mineralization because of the combined impacts of rare earth doping,graphene reinforcement and nanotechnology.

关键词： azo-dye Composite Graphene Dy-doped Nanotechnology Rare earths

ERI Modulated in vitro Cotton Fiber Development by Regulating Flavonoid Metabolism and Auxin Signaling

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ERI Modulated in vitro Cotton Fiber Development by Regulatin...