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Promoting rigor in blockchain energy and environmental footprint research:A systematic literature review

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Blockchain(research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 133-151页

作者： Ashish rajendra Sai harald Vranken Department of Computer Science Open UniversiteitHeerlen6419 ATthe Netherlands Department of Advanced Computing Sciences Maastricht UniversityMaastricht6211 LKthe Netherlands Institute for Computing&Information Sciences Radboud UniversityNijmegen6525 XZthe Netherlands

There is a growing interest in understanding the energy and environmental footprint of digital currencies,specifically in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and *** cryptocurrencies are operated by a geographically distributed network of computing nodes,making it hard to estimate their energy consumption *** studies,both in academia and industry,attempt to model cryptocurrency energy consumption often based on a number of assumptions,for instance,about the hardware in use or the geographic distribution of the computing nodes.A number of these studies have already been widely criticized for their design choices and subsequent over-or under-estimation of energy *** this study,we evaluate the reliability of prior models and estimates by leveraging existing scientific literature from fields cognizant of blockchain,such as social energy sciences and information *** first design a quality assessment framework based on existing research,and we then conduct a systematic literature review examining scientific and non-academic literature demonstrating common issues and potential avenues of addressing these *** goal with this article is to advance the field by promoting scientific rigor in studies focusing on blockchain energy *** that end,we provide a novel set of codes of conduct for the five most widely used research methodologies:Quantitative energy modeling,literature reviews,data analysis and statistics,case studies,and *** envision that this code of conduct would assist in standardizing the design and assessment of studies focusing on blockchain-based systems’energy and environmental footprint.

关键词： Blockchain Energy consumption Environmental footprint Scientific rigor reliability

Neutrophils in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)are MHC class II^(+)and secret IL-12p40 upon bacterial exposure

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 144-153页

作者： gyri Teien Haugland Anita rønneseth Lene gundersen harald SæbøLunde Kaja Nordland Heidrun Inger Wergeland Department of Biological Sciences Bergen High-Technology CentreUniversity of BergenBergen5020Norway

Antigen-presentation via major histocompatibility complex(MHC)to T cells is the key event to initiate adaptive immune *** teleosts,as in mammals,the main types of professional antigen-presenting cells(APCs)are dendritic cells(DCs),monocytes/macrophages,and B *** the current study,flow cytometry,immunostaining and qPCr have been used to show that neutrophils in the teleost fish Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)have antigen-presenting *** neutrophils were positive for MHC class II,CD83 and CD80/86,and upon in vitro bacterial exposure,gene expression analysis of purified neutrophils showed that IL-12p40,which is essential for proliferation of naïve T cells,was highly upregulated at both 6 and 24 h post bacterial *** on presence of MHC class II and upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation,we suggest that neutrophils in Atlantic salmon have potential to function as professional *** work makes an important basis for further exploring the potential of using neutrophils to develop new,targeted immunoprophylactic measures.

关键词： granulocytes Antigen presenting cells Major histocompatibility complex T cell activation B cells CD83 CD80/86 MHC classⅡ

Effect of Slag Basicity on Alumina Dissolution and Diffusivity:A High-temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

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China's refractories 2024年第2期33卷 27-34页

作者： Burhanuddin harald HArMUTH Montanuniversität Leoben Leoben 8700Austria

Alumina is one of the crucial and extensively utilized refractory *** the refractory wear due to dissolution at elevated temperatures during operation is a major threat to refractory lifespan,quantifying dissolution is important for developing cost-effective and resource-efficient *** study investigated the dissolution of alumina particles in two silicate and one calcium aluminate slags at 1450,1500,and 1550°C using high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM).Dissolution was quantified in terms of diffusivity,with all influencing factors,including Stefan flow and bath movement,incorporated into the determination *** trends observed in total dissolution time and diffusivity in three slags at three experimental temperatures could not be explained solely on the basis of slag *** parameters,considering the influencing factors,were introduced to explain these ***,the linear trend observed in Arrhenius plots of diffusivities supports the diffusivity ***,good agreement between the diffusivities of alumina in one silicate slag obtained via CLSM and rotating finger test investigations verified the reliability of the results.

关键词： alumina dissolution diffusivity corrosion refractory

Evaluation of disease burden and symptom scores in patients with acute atrial fi brillation in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第5期15卷 397-400页

作者： Nikola Schütz Dominik roth Michael Prinz Filippo Cacioppo Sebastian Schnaubelt Alexander O.Spiel Hans Domanovits harald Herkner Department of Emergency Medicine Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Department of Emergency Medicine Clinic OttakringVienna 1160Austria

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a major public health problem and poses a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.[1-4]The emergency department(ED)serves as the first point of contact with the healthcare system and plays a key role in the management of patients with AF,which accounts for 3%-10%of all hospital admissions.[5]Treatment plans are often discussed and initiated at the ED.

关键词： patients atrial acute

Will germany move into a situation with unsecured power supply?

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第3期13卷 551-570页

作者： harald SCHWArZ Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Faculty 3Brandenburg University of TechnologyCottbus-Senftenberg 03013Germany

Together with a huge number of other countries, germany signed the Paris Agreements in 2015 to prevent global temperature increase above 2℃. Within this agreement, all countries defined their own national contributions to CO2 reduction. Since that, it was visible that CO2 emissions in germany decreased, but not so fast than proposed in this german nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement. Due to increasing traffic, CO2 emissions from this mobility sector increased and CO2 emission from german power generation is nearly constant for the past 20 years, even a renewable generation capacity of 112 gW was built up in 2017, which is much higher than the peak load of 84 gW in germany. That is why the german National government has implemented a commission (often called "The german Coal Commission") to propose a time line: how germany can move out of coal-fired power stations. This "Coal Commission" started its work in the late spring of 2018 and handed over its final report with 336 pages to the government on January 26th, 2019. Within this report the following proposals were made:①Until 2022: Due to a former decision of the german government, the actual remaining nuclear power generation capacity of about 10 gW has to be switched off in 2022. Besides, the "Coal Commission" proposed to switch off additionally in total 12.5 gW of both, hard coal and lignite-fired power plants, so that germany should reduce its conventional generation capacity by 22.5 gW in 2022.②Until 2030: Another 13 gW of german hard coal or lignite-fired power plants should be switched off.③Until 2038:The final 17 gW of german hard coal or lignitefired power plants should be switched off until 2038 latest. Unfortunately the "Coal Commission" has not investigated the relevant technical parameter to ensure a secured electric power supply, based on german's own national resources. Because german Energy revolution mainly is based on wind energy and photovoltaic, this paper will describe the

关键词： CO2 reduction mobility sector renewable generation coal commission secured power generation capacity reliable power supply power-to-gas power-to-heat

Profit loss indicator:a novel maintenance indicator applied for integrated planning

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Advances in Manufacturing 2015年第2期3卷 139-150页

作者： harald.rФdseth Terje Skarlo Per SchjФlberg Department of Production and Quality Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Technology SФr-TrФndelag University College

In production environment today, ＂silo think- ing＂ is a challenge where controlling an asset associated with several disciplines and departments can lead to a sub- optimal result. This requires a more integrated approach with an integrated planning （IPL） framework. In this framework novel maintenance key performance indicators （KPIs） are needed. The purpose of this article is to develop the novel maintenance KPI profit loss indicator （PLI）. This indicator is based on measuring both on the ＂hidden fac- tory＂ and waste in production, presenting it as a financial measure. The notion ＂hidden factory＂ is used as a meta- phor for measuring the time losses in industry through the maintenance KPI overall equipment effectiveness （OEE）. This indicator divides the time losses into availability losses, performance losses and quality losses. In addition, a financial measure for waste based on literature from Toyota production system （TPS） and waste treatment and disposal is also included in PLI. Through a case study in the saw mill industry PLI is demonstrated and evaluated. It is expected that this indicator will be demonstrated in several industry branches in the future.

关键词： Integrated planning (IPL) - Maintenanceperformance Key performance indicator (KPI) Hidden factory Waste Asset management

Visualising the heart of chaos

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2256-2257页

作者： Nicholas J.Lambert harald g.L.Schwefel Department of Physics University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies DunedinNew Zealand

The intra-cavity electro-magnetic field distribution in a microdisk resonator can be visualised by inducing a phase shift via a scanning probe beam.

关键词： resonator chaos Visual

从模型到应用:基于生态系统服务权衡的乡村生态修复规划工具研究

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园林 2024年第3期41卷 4-12页

作者：董楠楠王怡琪 harald Zepp Lars gruenhagen Malte Bührs Christin Busch 魏维轩同济大学建筑与城市规划学院上海200092 波鸿鲁尔大学地理学系波鸿44801 ILS-国家和城市发展研究所有限公司多特蒙德D-44135

在全球范围内的气候变化背景下,具有多种功能和服务价值的乡村生态空间成为当下国际生态规划研究与合作的关注热点之一。为实现乡村生态空间的精准管理与规划,中德双方围绕联合课题“生态系统服务概念在德国鲁尔与中国大都市区韧性发展... 详细信息

在全球范围内的气候变化背景下,具有多种功能和服务价值的乡村生态空间成为当下国际生态规划研究与合作的关注热点之一。为实现乡村生态空间的精准管理与规划,中德双方围绕联合课题“生态系统服务概念在德国鲁尔与中国大都市区韧性发展模式下的绿色基础设施规划应用”进行了深入探索。在土地利用与土地覆盖类型的基础上,进一步识别了生物群落类型,并基于调节、供给、文化三大生态系统服务类型,选取了评估生态系统服务供需权衡的指标和对应权重,构建了乡村生态空间规划场景下的生态系统服务价值评测模型。以上海市水库村为例,运用该课题的评测模型,初步评估了典型乡村生态规划场景下的生态系统服务价值。最后,从应用尺度、研究范围以及操作流程三个方面总结了该评测模型的优化方向。

关键词：乡村生态修复生态系统服务供需权衡决策辅助工具

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regeneration and Tree Species Diversity of Sitakund Botanical garden and Eco-Park,Chittagong,Bangladesh

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 950-958页

作者： rajasree NINDI harald VACIK Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences (IFES) Chittagong University Department of Forest and Soil Sciences Institute of Silviculture University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Peter Jordan Str. 82 A-1190 Vienna (Austria)

Anthropogenic disturbances influence plant regeneration and species diversity, which impact the conservation status of protected areas. A study was conducted in the Sitakund Botanical garden and Eco-park （SBgE）, Chittagong, Bangladesh to analyze the natural regeneration and tree species diversity in disturbed and less disturbed zones. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select 50 sample plots from each of the two zones. A total number of 109 plant species from 43 families were recorded in the study; of which 93 species were of natural origin while the rest were planted. From the species with natural origin 66 were tree species, 9 were shrub species and 28 were climbers. Species richness, density of regeneration and disturbance index in the height classes （0- 0.5 m） and {dbh 〉 6 cm） indicated significant differences between the zones. The study analyzed how disturbances affect species diversity in the area. It was found that species richness and basal area are negatively related with disturbances. Moreover, density （N/ha） of trees was more likely to decrease with increasing tree height that reflects the huge demand of local people to harvest large trees as part of their income generating activities. The study findings have implications for future managementdecisions of the SgBE. To restore these ecosystems, management should focus on both biodiversity eonservation and providing benefits to local people without hampering forest ecosystems.

关键词： Human influence Species diversity Vegetation structure regeneration Disturbanceindex