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Landslide inventory and susceptibility modelling using geospatial tools,in Hunza-Nagar valley,northern Pakistan

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1354-1370页

作者： Alam Sher BACHA Muhammad SHAFIQUE harald van der werff National Centre of Excellanee in Geology University ofPeshawar Peshawar-25130 Pakistan Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation （ITC） University of Twente Ensehede 7500 AE The Netherlands

A comprehensive landslide inventory and susceptibility maps are prerequisite for developing and implementing landslide mitigation strategies. Landslide susceptibility maps for the landslides prone regions in northern Pakistan are rarely available. The Hunza-Nagar valley in northern Pakistan is known for its frequent and devastating landslides. In this paper, we have developed a landslide inventory map for Hunza-Nagar valley by using the visual interpretation of the SPOT-5 satellite imagery and mapped a total of 172 landslides. The landslide inventory was subsequently divided into modelling and validation data sets. For the development of landslide susceptibility map seven discrete landslide causative factors were correlated with the landslide inventory map using weight of evidence and frequency ratio statistical models. Four different models of conditional independence were used for the selection of landslide causative factors. The produced landslides susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and area under curves criteria. The prediction power of the models was also validated with the prediction rate curve. The validation results shows that the success rate curves of the weight of evidence and the frequency models are 82% and 79%, respectively. The prediction accuracy results obtained from this study are 84% for weight of evidence model and 80% for the frequency ratio model. Finally, the landslide susceptibility index maps were classified into five different varying susceptibility zones. The validation and prediction result indicates that the weight of evidence and frequency ratio model are reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map, which may be helpful for landslides management strategies.

关键词： Landslides Inventory map Susceptibility assessment Northern Pakistan

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Evolving management of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第25期14卷 3956-3967页

作者： Jochem van der Voort van Zijp harald J Hoekstra Marc D Basson Department of Radiation Oncology Leiden University Medical Center Department of Surgery University of Groningen Medical Center John D. Dingell VA Medical Center and Wayne State University

This article reviews recent advances in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer, including total mesorectal excision, the resection of liver and lung metastasis and advances in chemoradiation and foreshadows some interventions that may lie just beyond the frontier. In particular, little is known about the intracellular and extracellular cascades that may influence colorectal cancer cell adhesion and metastasis. Although the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and focal adhesion associated proteins in response to integrin-mediated cell matrix binding ("outside in integrin signaling") is well described, the stimulation of cell adhesion by intracellular signals activated by pressure prior to adhesion represents a different signal paradigm. However, several studies have suggested that increased pressure and shear stress activate cancer cell adhesion. Further studies of the pathways that regulate integrin-driven cancer cell adhesion may identify ways to disrupt these signals or block integrin-mediated adhesion so that adhesion and eventual metastasis can be prevented in the future.

关键词： Adhesion Colorectal Signaling Cancer Surgery

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Adeno-associated virus mediated delivery of Tregitope 167 ameliorates experimental colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4288-4299页

作者： Sander van der Marel Anna Majowicz Karin Kwikkers Richard van Logtenstein Anje A te Velde Anne S De Groot Sybren L Meijer Sander J van Deventer harald Petry Daniel W Hommes Valerie Ferreira Department of Research and Development uniQure B.V.1105 BA AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical Center2333 ZA LeidenThe Netherlands Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam1105 BK AmsterdamThe Netherlands EpiVax Inc. ProvidenceRI 02903United States The Institute for Immunology and Informatics University of Rhode IslandKingstonRI 02881United States Department of Pathology Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam1105 AZ AmsterdamThe Netherlands Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases UCLA Health SystemLos AngelesCA 90095United States

AIM:To explore the anti-inflammatory potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of Tregitope 167 in an experimental colitis ***:The trinitrobenzene sulfonate(TNBS) model of induced colitis was used in Balb/c *** after intravenous adeno-associated virusmediated regulatory T-cell epitopes(Tregitope) delivery,acute colitis was initiated by intra-rectal administration of 1.5 mg TNBS in 40% ethanol followed by a second treatment with TNBS(0.75 mg in 20% ethanol) 8 d *** groups included mice not treated with TNBS(healthy control group) and mice treated by TNBS only(diseased group).At the time of sacrifice colon weight,the disease activity index and histology damage score were *** staining of the colonic tissues was performed to asses the cellular infiltrate and the presence of transcription factor forkhead Box-P3(Foxp3).Thymus,mesenteric lymph nodes,liver and spleen tissue were collected and the corresponding lymphocyte populations were further assessed by flow cytometry analysis for the expression of CD4+ T cell and regulatory T cell associated ***:The Tregitope 167 treated mice gained an average of 4% over their initial body weight at the time of *** contrast,the mice treated with TNBS alone(no Tregitope) developed colitis,and lost 4% of their initial body weight at the time of sacrifice(P < 0.01).The body weight increase that had been observed in the mice pre-treated with Tregitope 167 was substantiated by a lower disease activity index and a decreased colon weight as compared to the diseased control group(P < 0.01 and P < 0.001,respectively).Immunohistochemical staining of the colonic tissues for CD4+ showed that inflammatory cell infiltrates were present in TNBS treated mice with or without administration with tregitope 167 and that these cellular infiltrates consisted mainly of CD4+ *** both TNBS treated groups CD4+ T cell infiltrates were observed in the sub-epithelia

关键词： Adeno-associated virus Regulatory T cell epitope Inflammatory bowel diseases Adeno-associated virus

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东巽他弧的龙自弧前盆地的新生代演化和地震地层

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海洋石油 1994年第6期17卷 64-73页

作者： W.van der werff 蔡群昌

1 前言在活动大陆边缘和大洋岛弧内可见到由板块消减作用导致的岛弧—海沟系的弧前区。会聚边缘体系的各种形态是由初始地质背景和在俯冲过程期间构造演化的差异引起的。增生柱的构造演变主要受俯冲大洋层的厚度、性质、时代、海沟和... 详细信息

1 前言在活动大陆边缘和大洋岛弧内可见到由板块消减作用导致的岛弧—海沟系的弧前区。会聚边缘体系的各种形态是由初始地质背景和在俯冲过程期间构造演化的差异引起的。增生柱的构造演变主要受俯冲大洋层的厚度、性质、时代、海沟和陆坡沉积物的不同厚度、板块会聚速率和斜交度以及轻浮壳块的碰撞所控制。

关键词：弧前盆地大洋层板块构造板块会聚沉积物源壳块岩浆作用构造演化地质背景增生楔

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Gene and cell therapy based treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2011年第6期2卷 114-122页

作者： Sander van der Marel Anna Majowicz Sander van Deventer harald Petry Daniel W Hommes Valerie Ferreira Department of Research and Development Amsterdam Molecular Therapeutics BV1105 BA AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical Center2333 ZA LeidenThe Netherlands

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are a group of chronic inflammatory disorders most commonly affecting young *** available therapies can result in induction and maintenance of remission,but are not curative and have sometimes important side *** in basic research in IBD have provided new therapeutic opportunities to target the inflammatory process *** and cell therapy approaches are suitable to prevent inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and show therefore potential in the treatment of *** this review,we present the current progress in the field of both gene and cell therapy and future prospects in the context of *** gene therapy,we focus on viral vectors and their applications in preclinical *** focus for cell therapy is on regulatory T lymphocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells,their potential for the treatment of IBD and the progress made in both preclinical models and clinical trials.

关键词： Viral vector Gene therapy Cell therapy Inflammatory bowel diseases Immune tolerance Regulatory T lymphocytes Mesenchymal stromal cells

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沿东巽他-西班达弧发育的增生柱的构造和地貌

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海洋地质译丛 1996年第2期 63-71页

作者： W.van der werff 孔克虬

东巽他-西班达弧(图1)代表了一种活动边缘,它受到包括澳大利亚西北边缘的斜向碰撞的影响。普遍认为它是较老的弧-陆碰撞带的一种现存模式。最初的主要争论是关于板块边界的表面径迹的位置和帝汶岛上主要构造单元的起源和侵位机制。有许... 详细信息

东巽他-西班达弧(图1)代表了一种活动边缘,它受到包括澳大利亚西北边缘的斜向碰撞的影响。普遍认为它是较老的弧-陆碰撞带的一种现存模式。最初的主要争论是关于板块边界的表面径迹的位置和帝汶岛上主要构造单元的起源和侵位机制。有许多研究人员指出,表面径迹位于帝汶岛的北面。他们认为作为前陆盆地的帝汶海槽整个发育在澳大利亚克拉通的内部。可是,最新的研究指出,沿着爪哇海沟的板块接触带和主要的挤压变形带继续向东伸展而进入帝汶海槽。在演化的现阶段,帝汶岛西面的班达碰撞带与正向俯冲沟弧体系非常相似。班达造山带的地质和地球物理资料的综合结果显示出构造类型随时间的变化。碰撞复合体代表了一个向西变年轻的体系,该处向东渐增的变形在远离造山楔状体的前缘,逐渐被吸收。澳大利亚边缘的缩短作用配分于前增生体、亚增生体和反向冲断层。

关键词：海洋地质弧发育增生柱海槽地质构造地貌

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TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL-BASED SINGLE CRYSTALLINE SUPERALLOY

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2008年第4期21卷 289-297页

作者： Xianfeng Ma Huiji Shi Jialin Gu Zhaoxi Wang harald Harders Thomas Malow Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Material Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Siemens Power Generation Miilheim an der Ruhr Germany

The low-cycle fatigue （LCF） behavior of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy with [001] orientation was studied at an intermediate temperature of T0℃ and a higher temperature of To ＋ 250℃ under a constant low strain rate of 10^-3 s^-1 in ambient atmosphere. The superalloy exhibited cyclic tension-compression asymmetry which is dependent on the temperature and applied strain amplitude. Analysis on the fracture surfaces showed that the surface and subsurface casting micropores were the major crack initiation sites. Interior Ta-rich carbides were frequently observed in all specimens. Two distinct types of fracture were suggested by fractogaphy. One type was characterized by Mode-I cracking with a microscopically rough surface at To ＋ 250℃. Whereas the other type at lower temperature T0℃ favored either one or several of the octahedral {111} planes, in contrast to the normal Mode-I growth mode typically observed at low loading frequencies （several Hz）. The failure mechanisms for two cracking modes are shearing of γ＇ precipitates together with the matrix at T0℃ and cracking confined in the matrix and the γ/γ＇interface at To - 250℃.

关键词： low cycle fatigue single crystal nickel-based superalloy

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Nanoscale chemical segregation to twin interfaces in τ-MnAl-C and resulting effects on the magnetic properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 22-32页

作者： Panpan Zhao Markus Gusenbauer harald Oezelt Daniel Wolf Thomas Gemming Thomas Schrefl Kornelius Nielsch Thomas George Woodcock Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstr.20Dresden 01069Germany TU Dresden Institute of Materials ScienceDresden 01062Germany Department for Integrated Sensor Systems Danube University KremsKrems an der Donau 3500Austria

In this study,aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy(STEM-EELS)was used to investigate the atomistic structure and chemical com-position of true twin and order twin boundaries in ferromagneticτ-*** twins and order twins were distinguished based on the diffraction patterns using *** elemental segregation was observed at the coherent true twin boundary but some Mn enrichment within a region of about 1.5-2 nm was found at the incoherent true twin boundary.A transition region with Mn enrichment about 4-6 nm wide was found at the order twin boundary.A carbon cluster with a size of around 5 nm was also found at the twin *** simulations were conducted to study the effect of this chemical seg-regation at twin interfaces on the magnetic *** results showed that the coercivity tends to increase with increasing structural and chemical disorder at the interface.

关键词： τ-MnAl-C Twin boundaries Elemental segregation STEM-EELS Micromagnetic simulations

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Extracting local nucleation fields in permanent magnets using machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 924-933页

作者： Markus Gusenbauer harald Oezelt Johann Fischbacher Alexander Kovacs Panpan Zhao Thomas George Woodcock Thomas Schrefl Department for Integrated Sensor Systems Danube University KremsKrems an der DonauAustria Institute for Metallic Materials Leibniz IFW DresdenDresdenGermany

Microstructural features play an important role in the quality of permanent *** coercivity is greatly influenced by crystallographic defects,like twin boundaries,as is well known for *** would be very useful to be able to predict the macroscopic coercivity from microstructure *** this is not possible now,in the present work we examine a related question,namely the prediction of simulated nucleation fields of a quasi-three-dimensional(rescaled and extruded)system constructed from a two-dimensional image.

关键词： microstructure permanent magnets

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Studies on Two Exoenzymes Which Lyse Wine-Spoiling Bacteria

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第9期4卷 527-538页

作者： Patrick Sebastian harald Claus Helmut Konig Institute for Microbiology and Wine Research Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzMainzGermany

Microorganisms play an important role in the conversion of grape juice into wine. Different species of yeast are mainly responsible for the production of ethanol. Lactic acid bacteria also occur regularly in must or wine. They are mostly undesirable due to their capacity to produce wine-spoiling compounds. Especially strains of Lactobacillus brevis are able to produce biogenic amines as well as precursors of ethyl carbamate and different off-flavours (N-heterocycles, volatile phenols). By excessive formation of acetic acid some lactobacilli may even induce slow/stuck grape juice fermentations. In conventional winemaking, additions of sulphite or lysozyme are used to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms. There is a strong interest in finding alternatives, because of the reduced activity of lysozyme in the wine milieu, a limited growth-inhibiting activity against lactic acid bacteria, and some health risks described regarding the application of sulphite. We found that a culture supernatant of Streptomyces albidoflavus B 578 lysed all bacteria previously isolated from must and wine samples (Acetobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp., Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp.) including 35 strains of L. brevis. Two bacteriolytic exoenzymes were isolated and characterized from the streptomycete: a muramidase (24 kDa) and a protease (17 kDa). Both hydrolyzed cell wall components of L. brevis (peptidoglycan, S-layer proteins) and were active under wine-relevant conditions.

关键词： Streptomyces albidoflavus Lactobacillus brevis Wine Spoilage Stuck Fermentations Cell Wall Muramidase Protease S-Layer

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