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Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease:important considerations for use in clinical practice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： Sarah Fullam Sean o’Dowd Antoinette o’Connor Department of Neurology Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit of Neurology Trinity College DublinIreland

Introduction:Fluid and positron emission tomography(PET)biomarkers that enable the detection of the hallmark proteins of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(amyloid and tau)have revolutionized our approach to the diagnosis of *** evolution of AD diagnostic criteria to include biological characterization(Alzheimer’s Association Working Group,2023)provides an appropriate framework to reduce levels of clinico-pathologic mismatch and improve in-vivo diagnostic *** the therapeutic landscape for neurodegenerative disease evolves,it is increasingly incumbent on clinicians to provide timely,and pathologically precise diagnoses for ***,the expensive and invasive nature of these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blood Alzheimer diagnosis

Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： H.HoSSEINI o.BALILASHAKI Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is located outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensional(3D) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita o.Teodoro Mafalda Ribeiro Ramos Lara Carvalho iNoVA4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no ***-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse *** the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called *** plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher J.o’Connell Matthew J.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Will Germany move into a situation with unsecured power supply?

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第3期13卷 551-570页

作者： harald SCHWARZ Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Faculty 3Brandenburg University of TechnologyCottbus-Senftenberg 03013Germany

Together with a huge number of other countries, Germany signed the Paris Agreements in 2015 to prevent global temperature increase above 2℃. Within this agreement, all countries defined their own national contributions to Co2 reduction. Since that, it was visible that Co2 emissions in Germany decreased, but not so fast than proposed in this German nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement. Due to increasing traffic, Co2 emissions from this mobility sector increased and Co2 emission from German power generation is nearly constant for the past 20 years, even a renewable generation capacity of 112 GW was built up in 2017, which is much higher than the peak load of 84 GW in Germany. That is why the German National Government has implemented a commission (often called "The German Coal Commission") to propose a time line: how Germany can move out of coal-fired power stations. This "Coal Commission" started its work in the late spring of 2018 and handed over its final report with 336 pages to the government on January 26th, 2019. Within this report the following proposals were made:①Until 2022: Due to a former decision of the German Government, the actual remaining nuclear power generation capacity of about 10 GW has to be switched off in 2022. Besides, the "Coal Commission" proposed to switch off additionally in total 12.5 GW of both, hard coal and lignite-fired power plants, so that Germany should reduce its conventional generation capacity by 22.5 GW in 2022.②Until 2030: Another 13 GW of German hard coal or lignite-fired power plants should be switched off.③Until 2038:The final 17 GW of German hard coal or lignitefired power plants should be switched off until 2038 latest. Unfortunately the "Coal Commission" has not investigated the relevant technical parameter to ensure a secured electric power supply, based on German's own national resources. Because German Energy Revolution mainly is based on wind energy and photovoltaic, this paper will describe the

关键词： Co2 reduction mobility sector renewable generation coal commission secured power generation capacity reliable power supply power-to-gas power-to-heat

Stand structure and productivity of Populus euphratica along a gradient of groundwater distances at the tarim River(NW china)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 753-764页

作者： Frank M.Thomas Michael jeschke Ximing Zhang Petra Lang Geobotany Faculty of Regional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TrierBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences40 South Beijing Road830011 UrumqiChina

Aims Along central-Asian rivers in arid regions,lowering of the ground-water level constitutes a major threat to the riparian forests,whose tree layers are dominated by Euphrates poplar(Populus euphratica).Some of these fragile ecosystems are supplied with additional(‘eco-logical’)water for protection and *** investigated interrelationships among groundwater distance,stand structure and above-ground wood production(at the tree and the stand level)in *** stands along a groundwater gradient(distances of 2.0-12.0 m)that also included a plot supplied with‘ecological water’.Methods We measured the height,diameter at breast height and basal area of poplar trees and determined the annual above-ground wood production for the three most recent years on the basis of tree-ring analyses and allometric regressions at three sites at the upper,mid-dle and lower reaches of the tarim River,Xinjiang,NW *** Findingsthe distribution of age classes differed significantly among the plots:in accordance with their life histories,stands growing at a larger distance to the groundwater harboured a larger fraction of old trees(>80 years)and,in most cases,a smaller fraction of young trees(≤20 years).the annual above-ground wood production per ha was highest on a plot with a short groundwater distance(2.0 m;maxi-mum of the 3-year investigation period:3.0 t ha−1 a−1)and lowest,at a plot with a large distance to the water table(6.6 m;minimum:0.23 t ha^(−1)a^(−1)).However,the plot located close to the groundwater(and to the river)at the middle reaches exhibited a relatively large interannual variation in above-ground wood production,which can be attributed to interannual variations in the river *** the middle and the lower reaches,these interannual variations on plots with the most favourable water supply were even more obvious at the tree *** the fraction of mature trees(60-99 years old),no significant differences in above-ground wood production were

关键词： allometry ground water life history tree-age distribution tugai forest

Analysis of Internal Cooling Geometry Variations in Gas Turbine Blades

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第4期18卷 289-293页

作者： M.Eifel V.Caspary H.Hnen P.jeschke Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery RWTH Aachen University MAN Turbo AG

The present investigation analyzes the effects of major geometrical modifications to the interior of a convectioncooled gas turbine rotor blade. The main focus lies on the flow of the leading edge channels and the impact on theheat transfer. An experimental approach is performed with flow visualization via paint injection into water. Alsonumerical calculations are carried out in two sets, on the one hand water calculations accompanying the experimentsand on the other hand conjugate heat transfer calculations under realistic engine conditions. The latter calculationsare still ongoing delivering preliminary *** geometry configurations are investigated, three of them with differing turbulator arrangements in the leadingedge channels. The operating point of the base configuration is set to Re = 50,000 at the inlet while for the modifiedgeometries the pressure ratio is held constant compared to the *** several investigated configurations one could be identified that leads to a heat transfer enhancement inone leading edge channel 7 % larger compared to the base.

关键词： Convection cooling geometry modification experiment paint injection CFD conjugate heat transfer

Relationship between vegetation types, soil and topography in southern forests of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1635-1644页

作者： Gholamhosein Moradi harald Vacik School of Natural Resources and Desert Studies Yazd University Department of Forest and Soil Sciences Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Science

For sustainable forest management, understanding the ecological factors that determine vegetation composition are important. Here, the relation between the vegetation composition and environmental factors(elevation, aspect, slope, CaCo3, K, P, C, N, C/N, bulk density,soil porosity, saturation moisture content, EC, pH, sand, silt and clay) was investigated in the Khonj forests, Fars Province, Iran. Characteristic land units, each 200 m2, were chosen for sampling to analyze species composition, soil characteristics and topographic factors. The floristic data were classified using a two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN). Means were then compared using an ANoVA and Duncan multiple range test to detect any variations between groups. Also, the Kaiser–Meyer–olkin index and Bartlett test were used to measure sampling adequacy. The four vegetation groups identified comprised the species Achillea wilhelmsii, Tanacetum parthenium,Convolvulus spinosus, Capparis spinosa. A detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) ordination diagram clearly illustrated the relationship between vegetation and environmental factors. According to the results,group 1 with A. wilhelmsii as the indicator species has a positive relation with slope and elevation. T. parthenium was the indicator species of group 2, that appears in areas with high silt and low bulk density and sand. The results showed that group 3 with Convolvulus spinosus as the indicator species was distributed in soils with high bulk density, low silt and pH as well. Group 4 with C. spinosa as the indicator species occurs in sandy soils and low *** DCCA, we determined the relationship between species and environmental factors more accurately. Results of this study can be used to restore vegetation or maintain species composition in ecological sensitive areas.

关键词： DCCA Environmental factors Khalij-omani sub-region TWINSPAN