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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 607-624页

作者： Xiaotian Geng Dong Xie Zhonghua gou School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

The morphology of urban areas plays a crucial role in determining solar potential,which directly affects photovoltaic capacity and the achievement of net-zero *** study focuses on the City of Melbourne to investigate the utilization of solar energy across different urban densities and proposes optimized *** analysis encompasses blocks with diverse population densities,examining medium and high-density *** utilizing a multi-objective genetic optimization approach,the urban morphology of these blocks is *** findings indicate that low-density blocks exhibit photovoltaic potential ranging from 1 to 6.6 times their total energy *** and high-density blocks achieve photovoltaic potential levels approximately equivalent to 40%-85%of their overall energy ***,significant variations in photovoltaic potential are observed among different urban forms within medium and high-density ***“elevated corners with central valley”prototype is proposed as an effective approach,enhancing the overall photovoltaic potential by approximately 14%.This study introduces novel analytical concepts,shedding light on the intricate relationship between urban morphologies and photovoltaic potential.

关键词： net-zero energy solar energy urban density urban morphology multi-objective optimization photovoltaic potential

Impact of COVID-19 on the energy consumption of commercial buildings:A case study in Singapore

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 364-373页

作者： Senhong Cai Zhonghua gou School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

Numerous studies have demonstrated that commercial activities have significantly reduced during COVID-19,while there are few studies disclosing the consequent impacts on the energy consumption of commercial *** study explores the changes in energy consumption of different types of commercial buildings in Sin-gapore under the impact of the pandemic,using commercial building energy performance data from 2017 to 2020(n=540).The sampled buildings include 93 hotel buildings,303 office buildings,106 retail buildings,and 38 mixed *** analysis mainly used linear regression and paired sample *** results showed that relative to 2019,the mean energy use intensity(EUI)of sampled commercial buildings decreased by 56.77 kWh/m^(2)in the pandemic year(2020),a plunge of 19.9%.The extent to which the EUI of each type of commercial building is affected by the pandemic is found as:mixed development>retail>office>*** study also identi-fied the factors that significantly influenced the EUI of commercial buildings before and during the *** results of the study complement existing knowledge about the factors influencing energy consumption in com-mercial buildings by considering the impact of the pandemic and furthermore contribute to the improvement of energy management in commercial buildings by providing directions for building energy efficiency approaches.

关键词： Commercial buildings Energy consumption Energy use intensity Impact of COVID-19 Influential factors

A Tightly Coupled Dipole Array with Diverse Element Reflection Phases for RCS Reduction

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 449-455页

作者： Yuewen gou Yikai CHEN Shiwen YAng University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

This paper proposes a novel low scattering tightly coupled dipole array(TCDA), aiming to reduce the radar cross section(RCS) of phased antenna arrays under a certain oblique incident wave. First, we build three types of antenna elements that exhibit similar radiation characteristics but diverse reflection phase differences based on the proposed theoretical analysis. The required reflection phase difference is achieved by using different dielectric superstrates for each antenna element. Then, by arranging the three types of subarrays next to each other, a low scattering TCDA(8 × 9) is designed. Meanwhile, a reference antenna array with a single type of antenna element is also constructed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RCS reduction technique, simulated and measured results of the reference and proposed antenna array are compared. Both antenna arrays operate over the 6–18 GHz frequency band and can scan up to ±45° in the E-/H-planes. However, the proposed antenna array achieves a significant monostatic RCS reduction over 8–12 GHz, with a maximum reduction value of 7.55 d B. It indicates that this diverse element reflection phase technique is a good candidate for wideband RCS reduction.

关键词： Antenna measurements Phased arrays Dipole antennas Antenna theory Scattering Reflector antennas Reflection

Facile synthesis of composite polyferric magnesium-silicate-sulfate coagulant with enhanced performance in water and wastewater

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 574-584页

作者： Xiangtao Huo Rongxia Chai Lizheng gou Mei Zhang Min Guo School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The coagulation process is a widely applied technology in water and wastewater *** composite polyferric mag-nesium-silicate-sulfate(PFMS)coagulants were synthesized using Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O,Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),and MgSO_(4) as raw materials in this *** effects of aging time,Fe:Si:Mg,and OH:M molar ratios(M represents the metal ions)on the coagulation performance of the as-pre-pared PFMS were systematically investigated to obtain optimum *** results showed that PFMS coagulant exhibited good co-agulation properties in the treatment of simulated humic acid-kaolin surface water and reactive dye *** the molar ratio was controlled at Fe:Si:Mg=2:2:1 and OH:M=0.32,the obtained PFMS presented excellent stability and a high coagulation *** removal efficiency of ultraviolet UV254 was 99.81%,and the residual turbidity of the surface water reached 0.56 NTU at a dosage of 30 mg·L^(-1).After standing the coagulant for 120 d in the laboratory,the removal efficiency of UV254 and residual turbidity of the surface wa-ter were 88.12%and 0.68 NTU,respectively,which accord with the surface water treatment *** addition,the coagulation performance in the treatment of reactive dye wastewater was greatly improved by combining the advantages of magnesium and iron *** with polyferric silicate-sulfate(PFS)and polymagnesium silicate-sulfate(PMS),the PFMS coagulant played a better decolor-ization role within the pH range of 7-13.

关键词： polyferric-magnesium-silicate-sulfate composite coagulants water and wastewater excellent stability high coagulation ef-ficiency decolorization

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 227-229页

作者： Qianwen gou Yunwei DOng YuJiao WU Qiao KE School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China School of Mathematics and Statistics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

1 Introduction Program retrieval aims to enable the flexible retrieval of program snippets based on a natural language query,significantly accelerating software development *** shows that over 60%of developers perform program retrieval daily[1].Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in deep learning-based program retrieval,which aims to construct embedding representations for program snippets and ***,the distribution of natural languages and programs is inconsistent,resulting in a semantic *** critical challenge is to bridge the semantic gap between the programming language and natural language,and accurately measure their similarity.

关键词： semantic similarity retrieval

MMCo:using multimodal deep learning to detect malicious traffic with noisy labels

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 239-241页

作者： Qingjun YUAN Gaopeng gou Yuefei ZHU Yongjuan WAng Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University Zhengzhou 450001China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

1 Introduction The success of a deep learning-based network intrusion detection systems(NIDS)relies on large-scale,labeled,realistic traffic[1,2].However,automated labeling of realistic traffic,such as by sandbox and rule-based approaches,is prone to errors[3],which in turn affects deep learning-based *** effective schemes for learning with noisy labels(LNL)have been proposed,among which the use of parallel networks for sample selection during training has been shown to be *** is argued that parallel networks can discriminate samples from different perspectives,thus adding additional information to the training *** centerpiece is maintaining disagreement of networks.

关键词： network networks modal

Designing metal-organic framework fiber network reinforced polymer electrolytes to provide continuous ion transport in solid state lithium metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2719-2727页

作者： Wanqing Fan Ying Huang Meng Yu Kaihang She Jingren gou Zheng Zhang MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes are considered ideal for electrolyte materials in solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).However,practical applications are hindered by the lower conductivity and poor interfacial ***,we propose a strategy to construct a three-dimensional(3D)fiber network of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)with continuous ion transport pathways were fabricated by filling a PEO polymer matrix in fibers containing interconnected *** 3D fiber network provides a fast Li+transport path and effectively improves the ionic conductivity(1.36×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1),30℃).In addition,the network of interconnected MOFs not only effectively traps the anions,but also provides sufficient mechanical strength to prevent the growth of Li *** from the advantages of structural design,the CSEs stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and extend the cycle life of the Li-symmetric cells to 3000 *** assembled SSLMBs exhibit excellent cycling performance at both room and high *** addition,the constructed pouch cells can provide an areal capacity of 0.62 mA·h·cm^(-2),which can still operate under extreme *** work provides a new strategy for the design of CSEs with continuous structure and stable operation of SSLMBs.

关键词： polyethylene oxide(PEO) solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs) three-dimensional fiber network composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)

Global patterns of soil phosphatase responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 200-210页

作者： Xiaomei gou Yongqing REN Xin QIN Xiaorong WEI Jingjing WAng State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau the Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China River and Lake Management Office Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water ResourcesXi'an 710004China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an 710061China

Hydrolysis of organic phosphorus(P) by soil phosphatases is an important process of P cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, significantly affected by nitrogen(N) and/or P fertilization. However, how soil acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities respond to N and/or P fertilization and how these responses vary with climatic regions, ecosystem types, and fertilization management remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to assess P cycling and availability from a global perspective. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the global patterns of soil ACP and ALP activities in response to N and/or P addition. We also examined how climatic regions(arctic to tropical), ecosystem types(cropland, grassland, and forest), and fertilization management(experiment duration and fertilizer type and application rate) affected changes in soil phosphatases after fertilization. It was shown that N fertilizer resulted in 10.1% ± 2.9% increase in soil ACP activity but a minimal effect on soil ALP activity. In contrast, P fertilizer resulted in 7.7% ± 2.6% decrease in soil ACP activity but a small increase in soil ALP activity. The responses of soil ACP and ALP activities to N and/or P fertilization were largely consistent across climatic regions but varied with ecosystem types and fertilization management, and the effects of ecosystem types and fertilization management were enzyme-dependent. Random forest analysis identified climate(mean annual precipitation and temperature) and change in soil pH as the key factors explaining variations in soil ACP and ALP activities. Therefore, N input and ecosystem types should be explicitly disentangled when assessing terrestrial P cycling.

关键词： acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase ecosystem type fertilization management meta-analysis phosphorus cycling phosphorus limitation

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Synthesis and characterization of ultra-soft alginate hydrogel mimicking lung tissue

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2024年第3期15卷 593-609页

作者： Xiangpeng Li Jihua gou Chiranjit Maiti Olusegun J.Ilegbusi Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA

Alginate hydrogels possess properties analogous to those of the extracellular matrix(ECM).Thus,their mechanical behavior approx-imates soft tissue,which makes them desirable for the production of tissue-equivalent soft deformable *** study aims to determine the synthesis-structure-property relationship for alginate hydrogel with the Young’s modulus in the range of 10°~101 kPa,mimicking to that of human lung ***,a 3D polymer network embedded in a water-rich *** alginate hydrogels are synthesized by a direct mixture of sodium alginate and CaCO3,followed by the addition of D-glucono-δ-lactone(GDL)to initiate in-situ Ca^(2+)release and *** influence of alginate concentration and molar ratio of the constitu-ent calcium ion to carboxyl group from alginate monomer are evaluated while the Young’s modulus of the hydrogel is carefully controlled within the desired *** and SEM are used to characterize the influence of synthesis parameters at the molecular and microstructure *** and compression testing are performed to determine the Young’s modulus of the *** relations are established between synthesis parameters and the mechanical *** result of the study will be subse-quently used to guide the additive manufacturing of soft deform-able structures based on alginate hydrogels.

关键词： Alginate hydrogels Ultra-low modulus lung tissue-mimicking materials

Identifying malicious traffic under concept drift based on intraclass consistency enhanced variational autoencoder

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 238-252页

作者： Xiang LUO Chang LIU Gaopeng gou Gang XIOng Zhen LI Binxing FAng Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)

Accurate identification of malicious traffic is crucial for implementing effective defense countermeasures and has led to extensive research efforts. However, the continuously evolving techniques employed by adversaries have introduced the issues of concept drift, which significantly affects the performance of existing methods. To tackle this challenge, some researchers have focused on improving the separability of malicious traffic representation and designing drift detectors to reduce the number of false ***, these methods often overlook the importance of enhancing the generalization and intraclass consistency in the representation. Additionally, the detectors are not sufficiently sensitive to the variations among different malicious traffic classes, which results in poor performance and limited robustness. In this paper, we propose intraclass consistency enhanced variational autoencoder with Class-Perception detector(ICE-CP) to identify malicious traffic under concept drift. It comprises two key modules during training:intraclass consistency enhanced(ICE) representation learning and Class-Perception(CP) detector construction. In the first module, we employ a variational autoencoder(VAE) in conjunction with Kullback-Leibler(KL)-divergence and cross-entropy loss to model the distribution of each input malicious traffic flow. This approach simultaneously enhances the generalization, interclass consistency, and intraclass differences in the learned representation. Consequently, we obtain a compact representation and a trained classifier for nondrifting malicious traffic. In the second module, we design the CP detector, which generates a centroid and threshold for each malicious traffic class separately based on the learned representation, depicting the boundaries between drifting and non-drifting malicious traffic. During testing, we utilize the trained classifier to predict malicious traffic classes for the testing samples. Then, we use the CP det

关键词： concept drift malicious traffic identification variational autoencoder intrusion detection cyberspace security