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Two-dimensional materials for future information technology: status and prospects

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1-147页

作者： Hao QIU Zhihao YU Tiange ZHAO Qi ZHANG Mingsheng XU Peifeng LI Taotao LI Wenzhong BAO Yang CHAI Shula CHEN Yiqi CHEN Hui-Ming CHENG Daoxin DAI Zengfeng DI Zhuo DONG Xidong DUAN Yuhan FENG Yu FU Jingshu GUO Pengwen GUO Yue HAO Jun HE Xiao HE Jingyi HU Weida HU Zehua HU Xinyue HUANG Ziyang HUANG Ali IMRAN Ziqiang KONG Jia LI Qian LI Weisheng LI Lei LIAO Bilu LIU Can LIU Chunsen LIU Guanyu LIU Kaihui LIU Liwei LIU Sheng LIU Yuan LIU Donglin LU Likuan MA Feng MIAO Zhenhua NI Jing NING Anlian PAN Tian-Ling REN Haowen SHU Litao SUN Yue SUN Quanyang TAO Zi-Ao TIAN Dong wang Hao wang haomin wang Jialong wang Junyong wang Wenhui wang Xingjun wang Yeliang wang Yuwei wang Zhenyu wang Yao WE Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University College of Integrated Circuits Zhejiang University Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Layered Materials for Value-Added ApplicationsTsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZijingang CampusZhejiang University National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) Department of PhysicsRenmin University of China School of Integrated Circuits Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University The State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of GrapheneSchool of MicroelectronicsXidian University Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan University School of Integrated Circuits Huazhong University of Science and Technology Center for Nanochemistry (CNC) Beijing Science and Engineering Center for NanocarbonsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstruct

Over the past 70 years, the semiconductor industry has undergone transformative changes,largely driven by the miniaturization of devices and the integration of innovative structures and materials. Two-dimensional(2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) and graphene are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of silicon-based technologies, offering innovative approaches in transistor design and functionality, enabling atomic-thin channel transistors and monolithic 3D integration. We review the important progress in the application of 2D materials in future information technology, focusing in particular on microelectronics and optoelectronics. We comprehensively summarize the key advancements across material production, characterization metrology, electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, and heterogeneous integration on silicon. A strategic roadmap and key challenges for the transition of 2D materials from basic research to industrial development are outlined. To facilitate such a transition, key technologies and tools dedicated to 2D materials must be developed to meet industrial standards, and the employment of AI in material growth, characterizations, and circuit design will be essential. It is time for academia to actively engage with industry to drive the next 10 years of 2D material research.

关键词： two-dimensional (2D) materials information technology production technology standardization of characterization microelectronicdevices optoelectronic devices multi-functional integration

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Ultra-sensitive and wide applicable strain sensor enabled by carbon nanofibers with dual alignment for human machine interfaces

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Nano Research 2023年第3期16卷 4093-4099页

作者： Peng Bi Mingchao Zhang Shuo Li Haojie Lu haomin wang Xiaoping Liang Huarun Liang Yingying Zhang Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity,wide detection range,and low detection limit have continuously attracted great interest due to their tremendous application potential in areas such as health/medical-care,human-machine interface,as well as safety and security.While both of a high sensitivity and a wide working range are desired key parameters for a strain sensor,they are usually contrary to each other to be achieved on the same sensor due to the tightly structure dependence of both of them.Here,a flexible strain sensor with both high sensitivity and wide strain detection range is prepared based on the design of an integrated membrane containing both of parallel aligned and randomly aligned carbon nanofibers(CNFs).The parallel aligned CNF membrane(p-CNF)exhibits a low strain detection limit and high sensitivity,while the random aligned CNF membrane(r-CNF)exhibits a large strain detection range.Taking the advantages of both p-CNF and r-CNF,the strain sensor with stacked p-CNF and r-CNF(p/r-CNF)exhibits both high sensitivity and wide working range.Its gauge factor(GF)is 1,272 for strains under 0.5%and 2,266 for strain from 70%to 100%.At the same time,it can work in a wide strain range of 0.005%to 100%,fulfilling the requirements for accurately detecting full-range human motions.We demonstrated its applications in the recognition of facial expressions and joint movements.Furtherly,we constructed an intelligent lip-language recognition system,which can accurately track phonetic symbols and may help people with language disabilities,proving the potential of this strain sensor in health management and medical assistance.Besides,we foresee that the dual-alignment structure design of the p/r-CNF strain sensor may also be applied in the design of other high performance sensors.

关键词： nanofiber membrane carbon nanofibers flexible sensor dual-alignment high sensitivity

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An effective strategy for preparing transparent ceramics using nanorod powders based on pressure-assisted particle fracture and rearrangement

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第12期11卷 1976-1987页

作者： Zhangyi HUANG Yang SHI Yutong ZHANG Mao DENG Yi GUO Qingquan KONG Jianqi QI Benyuan MA Qingyuan wang haomin wang Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices Huizhou UniversityHuizhou 516001China

Achieving full densification of some ceramic materials,such as Y_(2)O_(3),without sintering aids by spark plasma sintering(SPS)is a great challenge when plastic deformation contributes limitedly to the densification as the yield stress of the material at an elevated temperature is higher than the applied sintering pressure.Herein,we demonstrate that particle fracture and rearrangement is an effective strategy to promote the densification during the pressure-assisted sintering process.Specifically,Y_(2)O_(3) nanocrystalline powders composed of nanorod and near-spherical particles were synthesized and sintered at various temperatures by the SPS.The results show that the relative density of the ceramics prepared by the nanorod powders is higher than the density of the ceramics from the near-spherical powders after 600℃ due to the fracture and rearrangement of the nanorods at low temperatures,which leads to the decrease of particle size and the increase of density and homogeneity.Based on this novel densification mechanism,ultrafine-grained Y_(2)O_(3) transparent ceramics with good optical and mechanical properties were fabricated successfully from the nanorod powders.

关键词： transparent ceramics nanorods fracture and rearrangement Y_(2)O_(3) spark plasma sintering(SPS)

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Carbothermal shock enabled facile and fast growth of carbon nanotubes in a second

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2576-2581页

作者： haomin wang Huimin wang Shuchen Zhang Yong Zhang Kailun Xia Zhe Yin Mingchao Zhang Xiaoping Liang Haojie Lu Shuo Li Jin Zhang Yingying Zhang Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for NanocarbonsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)hold great promise in many fields because of their unique structures and properties.However,the preparation of CNTs generally involves cumbersome equipment and time-consuming processes.Here,we report an ultra-fast carbothermal shock(CTS)approach for synthesizing CNTs with a simple homemade setup by employing Joule heating of a carbon substrate.Carbonized silk fabric(CSF)loaded with transition metal salts in ethanol solution was used as the substrate,which was treated with a pulse voltage of 40 V for only 50 ms and then covered with uniform CNTs grown with bimetallic alloy catalyst nanoparticles(diameter:~9 nm).The temperature ramp rate is as high as 105 K/s.The as-obtained sample has a unique fluffy structure similar to the trichobothrium of spiders,endowing it versatile applications such as airflow sensors or air filters.The CTS technique presents an easy-accessible and highly efficient approach for synthesizing CNTs,which may be also applied in synthesizing other nanomaterials.

关键词： carbothermal shock Joule heating carbon nanotube ultra-fast growth fluffy structure

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A new methodology to obtain the fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2019年第3期8卷 418-426页

作者： haomin wang Zhangyi HUANG Jianqi QI Jun wang Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106China College of Physical Science and Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringZigong643000China

A new methodology was proposed for testing the fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramics depended on temperature. In our model, the fracture toughness, as a material-specific property, can be expressed as tensile strength treated as the physical property or a material constant. Using this method, a suitable size larger than the inherent defects of ceramic samples and the creation of atomically sharp pre-cracks on the surface of ceramic specimens were able to be ignored. Besides, the fracture of ceramic can be described as the equivalence between the release of elastic storage energy and surface energy associated with the new fracture surface. From thermodynamics theory, the system’s internal energy includes the kinetic energy of atomic motion and the potential energy between atoms in the system. Finally, the fracture toughness at different temperatures can also be calculated by this simple quantitative relationship. In order to confirm the validity of this model, the decreasing fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramic with increasing temperature was predicted, and the result coincided with the experimental results.

关键词： fracture toughness fracture strength transparent ceramic high temperature YAG ceramic

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Micromechanical Modeling of Elastic-Viscoplastic Behavior of Armco-Fe at High Strain Rate

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2016年第6期29卷 655-662页

作者： Zhiyong Huang haomin wang Qingyuan wang Muhammad Kashif Khan School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sichuan University Faculty of Engineering Environment and Computing Coventry University

Heterogeneous dynamical stress-strain response of Armco-Fe was investigated at high strain rates through the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB） testing. It was found that the viscoplastic deformation in BCC ferrite grains is affected by the strain rate. Thermal softening and variation in crystal orientations under high-strain-rate loading were used in the elastic-viscoplastic modeling. The micromechanical analysis with self-consistent transition and homogenization was used for estimation of the global impact response of the material. The results from modeling were found in good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： Armco-Fe high strain rate visco-plastic deformation self consistent SHPB

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自供电电解海水析氯杀菌防污系统的研究与设计

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腐蚀与防护 2024年第1期45卷 67-75页

作者：王皓民雷龙林汪国庆海南大学材料科学与工程学院南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室海口570228

以风驱动旋转圆盘摩擦纳米发电机(WRD-TENG)为主体,结合太阳能电池,储能锂电池、时控开关成功构建了时间精准操控的自供电电解析氯系统。测试结果表明:尺寸稳定阳极(DSA电极)电解析氯20 min产生的活性氯对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌... 详细信息

以风驱动旋转圆盘摩擦纳米发电机(WRD-TENG)为主体,结合太阳能电池,储能锂电池、时控开关成功构建了时间精准操控的自供电电解析氯系统。测试结果表明:尺寸稳定阳极(DSA电极)电解析氯20 min产生的活性氯对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的杀灭效果,杀菌率都达到95%以上。自供电系统的太阳能电池和WRD-TENG可以单独或同时收集能源,并且输出具有互补性,锂电池和时控开关赋予了复合系统储能和时间精准操控的特性,复合体系可以成功驱动电解析氯体系。

关键词：电解析氯自供电杀菌防污摩擦纳米发电机太阳能电池

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Mechanically Reinforced Silkworm Silk Fiber by Hot Stretching

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Research 2022年第3期2022卷 237-246页

作者： Haojie Lu Kailun Xia Muqiang Jian Xiaoping Liang Zhe Yin Mingchao Zhang Huimin wang haomin wang Shuo Li Yingying Zhang Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Silkworm silk,which is obtained from domesticated Bombyx mori(B.mori),can be produced in a large scale.However,the mechanical properties of silkworm silk are inferior to its counterpart,spider dragline silk.Therefore,researchers are continuously exploring approaches to reinforce silkworm silk.Herein,we report a facile and scalable hot stretching process to reinforce natural silk fibers obtained from silkworm cocoons.Experimental results show that the obtained hot-stretched silk fibers(HSSFs)retain the chemical components of the original silk fibers while being endowed with increasedβ-sheet nanocrystal content and crystalline orientation,leading to enhanced mechanical properties.Significantly,the average modulus of the HSSFs reaches 21:6±2:8 GPa,which is about twice that of pristine silkworm silk fibers(11:0±1:7 GPa).Besides,the tensile strength of the HSSFs reaches 0:77±0:13 GPa,which is also obviously higher than that of the pristine silk(0:56±0:08 GPa).The results show that the hot stretching treatment is effective and efficient for producing superstiff,strong,and tough silkworm silk fibers.We anticipate this approach may be also effective for reinforcing other natural or artificial polymer fibers or films containing abundant hydrogen bonds.

关键词： fibers stretching tough

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Electrical field tuning of magneto-Raman scattering in monolayer graphene

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Nano Research 2015年第4期8卷 1139-1147页

作者： Xiaonan Shen Caiyu Qiu Bingchen Cao Chunxiao Cong Weihuang Yang haomin wang Ting Yu Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Singapore Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering Wenzhou 325001 China Department of Physics Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 117542 Singapore Singapore Graphene Research Center Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 117546 Singapore Singapore

在这个工作，我们报导在磁场下面在单层 graphene 磁电机声子回声调节直到 9 T 的电场。搬运人集中罐头急速地影响 G E，这被发现对通过显著磁电机声子回声 MPR 的一个变化磁场的 2g 声子反应。在负责中立或稍微做的单层 graphene，... 详细信息

在这个工作，我们报导在磁场下面在单层 graphene 磁电机声子回声调节直到 9 T 的电场。搬运人集中罐头急速地影响 G E，这被发现对通过显著磁电机声子回声 MPR 的一个变化磁场的 2g 声子反应。在负责中立或稍微做的单层 graphene，精力和 E 的线宽度 2g 声子表演有磁场的清楚的变化。这被归因于在 magnetoexcitations 和 E 之间的磁电机声子回声 2g 声子。相反，当单层 graphene 的费密水平是远的离开迪拉克点时， G 乐队显示出弱磁性的依赖并且展出对称的线形状。这建议在 4 T 附近联合的磁电机声子由于堵住的泡利不相容原理被关上了内部 -- 四轮马车水平刺激。而且， G 乐队不对称现象由在激子的许多身体状态和 E 之间的 Fano 回声引起了 2g 声子被观察。这个工作提供一个方法与一个外部电场通过 magneto-Raman 光谱学学习材料的 magnetoexcitation 声子相互作用。

关键词：拉曼光谱石墨单层电场调谐声子耦合散射载流子浓度

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Physical sensors for skin-inspired electronics

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InfoMat 2020年第1期2卷 184-211页

作者： Shuo Li Yong Zhang Yiliang wang Kailun Xia Zhe Yin Huimin wang Mingchao Zhang Xiaoping Liang Haojie Lu Mengjia Zhu haomin wang Xinyi Shen Yingying Zhang Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Skin,the largest organ in the human body,is sensitive to external stimuli.In recent years,an increasing number of skin-inspired electronics,including wearable electronics,implantable electronics,and electronic skin,have been developed because of their broad applications in healthcare and robotics.Physical sensors are one of the key building blocks of skin-inspired electronics.Typical physical sensors include mechanical sensors,temperature sensors,humidity sensors,electrophysiological sensors,and so on.In this review,we systematically review the latest advances of skin-inspired mechanical sensors,temperature sensors,and humidity sensors.The working mechanisms,key materials,device structures,and performance of various physical sensors are summarized and discussed in detail.Their applications in health monitoring,human disease diagnosis and treatment,and intelligent robots are reviewed.In addition,several novel properties of skin-inspired physical sensors such as versatility,self-healability,and implantability are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and future perspectives of physical sensors for practical applications are discussed and proposed.

关键词： electronics skin flexible electronics humidity sensors mechanical sensors temperature sensors wearable sensors

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