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基于自注意力机制和策略映射重组的多智能体强化学习算法

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计算机学报 2022年第9期45卷 1842-1858页

作者：李静晨史豪斌黄国胜西北工业大学计算机学院西安710072 “高雄中山大学”电机系中国高雄0008

多智能体强化学习(Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning,MARL)在群体控制领域中被广泛应用,但由于单个智能体的马尔可夫决策模型被破坏,现有的MARL算法难以学习到最优策略,且训练中智能体的随机性会导致策略不稳定.本文从状态空间到行... 详细信息

多智能体强化学习(Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning,MARL)在群体控制领域中被广泛应用,但由于单个智能体的马尔可夫决策模型被破坏,现有的MARL算法难以学习到最优策略,且训练中智能体的随机性会导致策略不稳定.本文从状态空间到行为空间的映射出发,研究同构多智能体系统的耦合转换,以提高策略的先进性及稳定性.首先,我们调查了同构智能体行为空间的重组,打破智能体与策略对应的固定思维,通过构建抽象智能体将智能体之间的耦合转换为不同智能体行为空间同一维度的耦合,以提高策略网络的训练效率和稳定.随后,在重组策略映射的基础上,我们从序列决策的角度出发,为抽象智能体的策略网络和评估网络分别设计自注意力模块,编码并稀疏化智能体的状态信息.重组后的状态信息经过自注意力编码后,能显示地解释智能体的决策行为.本文在三个常用的多智能体任务上对所提出方法的有效性进行了全面的验证和分析,实验结果表明,在集中奖励的情况下,本文所提出的方法能够学到比基线方法更为先进的策略,平均回报提高了20%,且训练过程与训练结果的稳定性提高了50%以上.多个对应的消融实验也分别验证了抽象智能体与自注意力模块的有效性,进一步为我们的结论提供支持.

关键词：多智能体系统多智能体强化学习深度强化学习注意力机制

Decision making in right-sided diverticulitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第3期9卷 606-608页

作者： Li-Rung Shyung Shee-Chan Lin Shou-Chuan Shih Chin-Roa kao Sun-Yen Chou Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineMackay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina

AIM: To evaluate systematically our nine-year experience in treating right-sided diverticulitis of the colon, and to explore its clinical and radiological ***: The clinical and radiological data of 40 patients with colonic diverticulitis treated in Mackay Memorial Hospital,Taipei, from 1993 through 2002 were reviewed ***: The average age of the patients with right-sided diverticulitis was 53.1 years, which was 11.6 years younger than that of the patients with left-sided diverticulitis. The preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis was made in 8 of 13 right-sided diverticulitis patients. Nine (69 %) had right lower quadrant abdominal pain for more than 48 hours, and ten patients (77 %) presented with fever. CT findings suggesting acute right-sided diverticulitis including thickening of the intestinal wall and pericolonic inflammation were present in five ***: Right-sided diverticulitis is easily confused with acute appendicitis because it occurs at a somewhat younger age than that in left-sided diverticulitis. Barium enema and CT are helpful for the early diagnosis of rightsided diverticulitis. While clearly not required in the majority of patients with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, barium enema and CT may be helpful in making the decision with a clinical history or physical examinations atypical of acute appendicitis.

关键词：右结肠憩室炎放射影像学临床特点 CT表现诊断

An evaluation of the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-treated primary dental pulp cells with regard to calcium silicate-based cements

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第2期6卷 94-98页

作者： Wei-Yun Lai Chia-Tze kao Chi-Jr Hung Tsui-Hsien Huang Ming-You Shie School of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Department of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Institute of Oral Science Chung Shan Medical University

This study compared the biological changes of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated dental pulp （DP） cells directly cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） and calcium silicate （CS） cements. DP cells were treated with LPS for 24 h. Then, the LPS-treated DP cells were cultured on MTA or CS cements. Cell viability, cell death mechanism and interleukin （IL）-1β expressions were analysed. A one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between the means. A significantly higher IL-1β expression （2.9-fold） was found for LPS-treated cells （P〈0.05） compared with DP cells without LPS treatment at 24 h. Absorbance values of LPS-treated cells cultured on CS cement were higher than a tissue culture plate. A significant difference （P〈0.05） in cell viability was observed between cells on CS and MTA cements 24 h after seeding. At 48 h, a high concentration of Si （5 mM） was released from MTA, which induced LPS-treated DP cell apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that CS cement is biocompatible with cultured LPS-treated DP cells. MTA stimulates inflammation in LPS-treated DP cells, which leads to greater IL-1β expression and apoptosis.

关键词： calcium silicate cement dental pulp cell mineral trioxide aggregate immune response interleukin-1β

Weekly pattern of emergency room admissions for peptic ulcers:A population-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第11期21卷 3344-3350页

作者： Li-Ting kao Ming-Chieh Tsai Herng-Ching Lin Femi Pai Cha-Ze Lee Graduate Institute of Life Science National Defense Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineCathay General Hospital Sleep Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital School of Medicine Taipei Medical University Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine

AIM:To investigate variations in the incidence of peptic ulcers(PUs) in Taiwan by day of the week within age ***:Ambulatory care data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database *** were 7204 subjects≥18 years-old with an emergency room admission claim for the treatment of PUs,resulting in a total of 9234 emergency room visits for PUs between 2009 and *** was divided into the seven days of the week and an additional variable for ***-way analysis of variance was used to examine associations among the daily mean number of PU emergency room admissions and holidays/weekends/***:One-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in emergency room admissions for PUs by the day of the week(P<0.001),with admission more likely to occur on Sundays or holidays than weekdays within the total and working *** weekday patterns of admission were similar for the patients aged 18-64 years and≥65years of ***,followed by Sundays,had higher PU admissions than the mean daily PU emergency room ***,inclusion of only those treated for PUs with hemorrhage or perforation,Sundays and holidays had higher mean emergency room admissions than other *** of patients who diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection,only holidays had higher mean emergency room admissions than other *** of patients who had been prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)for over30 d,Sundays and holidays had higher mean PU ER admissions than other non-holiday ***:There is a higher incidence of emergency room admission for PUs on weekends than on weekdays for the total and working populations.

关键词： Chronology Epidemiology Peptic ulcer Weekly patter

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第32期27卷 5376-5391页

作者： Devika Remash David S Prince Catriona McKenzie Simone I Strasser Steven kao Ken Liu AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney 2050NSWAustralia Sydney Medical School University of SydneySydney 2006NSWAustralia Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney 2050NSWAustralia New South Wales Health Pathology New South Wales HealthSydney 2050NSWAustralia Medical Oncology Chris O’Brien LifehouseSydney 2050NSWAustralia

The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)in advanced cancer has been a major development in the last *** indications for ICIs are constantly expanding into new territory across different cancers,disease stages and lines of *** this increased use,adverse events including immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity(ICH)have emerged as an important clinical *** along with the introduction of ICI as first-and second-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma makes ICH very relevant to gastroenterologists and *** incidence of ICH varies between 1%-20%depending on the number,type and dose of ICI *** and management generally involve excluding differential diagnoses and following a stepwise escalation of withholding or ceasing ICI,corticosteroid treatment and adding other immunosuppressive agents depending on the severity of *** majority of patients with ICH recover and some may even safely recommence ICI *** recommendations are largely based on evidence derived from retrospective case series which highlights a priority for future research.

关键词： Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Hepatitis Adverse drug event Drug-induced liver injury Immunosuppression

In-situ growth of CNTs encapsulating P-doped NiSe_(2) nanoparticles on carbon framework as efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 111-120页

作者： Jing Yu Wei-Jian Li Guibo kao Cheng-Yan Xu Rongrong Chen Qi Liu Jingyuan Liu Hongsen Zhang Jun Wang Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China

Nickel diselenide(NiSe_(2)) is a promising low-cost catalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),due to its suitable d-electron configuration and high electrical *** representative elements,e.g.,Co,Fe and P,have been utilized as cation or anion to promote the electrocatalytic activity of NiSe_(2) by modulating the interaction with Se element,whilst the catalyst stability is less *** this work,the catalytic Ni nanoparticles were in-situ encapsulated in carbon nanotubes grown on three-dimensional conducting carbon *** phosphorization and selenization yield dispersed P-doped NiSe_(2) nanoparticles protected by carbon shell with highly exposed yet stable active sides,resulting in significantly promoted HER and OER activities as well as accelerated *** detail,the P-NiSe_(2)@N-CNTs/NC hybrid catalyst deliver low overpotentials of 95 and 306 mV at10 mA cm^(-2) for HER and OER in alkaline media,*** calculations reveal that P doping reduces the electron density surrounding Ni atoms while accumulates the charges to Se, respectively,which in turn reduces the energy barriers for both water dissociation and intermediates adsorption for both HER and *** a concept of proof,a cell assembled by P-NiSe_(2)@N-CNTs/NC hybrid catalystbased anode and cathode performs a low applied voltage of 1.609 V to reach 10 mA cm^(-2),and outstanding long-term stability.

关键词： Electrocatalyst NiSe_(2) Doping Water splitting DFT calculations

Comparison of presentation and impact on quality of life of gastroesophageal reflux disease between young and old adults in a Chinese population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第41期17卷 4614-4618页

作者： Shou-Wu Lee Chia-Ming Chang Chi-Sen Chang Ai-Wen kao Ming-Chih Chou Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General Hospital Department of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Institute of Gerontology National Cheng Kang University Division of Geriatrics Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kang University Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kang University Hospital

AIM:To compare the presentation and impact on qual-ity of life of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)in old and young age ***:Data from adult patients with GERD di-agnosed by endoscopic and symptomic characteristics were collected between January and November *** criteria included combined peptic ulcers,ma-lignancy,prior surgery,antacid medication for more than 2 mo,and *** patients were assigned to the elderly group if they were 65 years or older,or the younger group if they were under 65 *** had completed the GERD impact scale,the Chinese GERD questionnaire,and the SF-36 *** from other cases without endoscopic f ind-ings or symptoms were collected and these subjects comprised the control group in our ***:There were 111 patients with GERD and 44 normal cases:78(70.3%)and 33 patients(29.7%)were in the younger and elderly groups,*** were more female patients(60.3%)in the younger group,and more males(72.7%)in the elderly *** younger cases had more severe and fre-quent typical symptoms than the elderly ***-nif icantly more impairment of daily activities was noted in the younger patients compared with the elderly group,except for physical ***:Elderly patients with GERD were pre-dominantly male with rare presentation of typical symp-toms,and had less impaired quality of life compared with younger patients in a Chinese population.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Quality oflife Age factors

Silk Road Diplomacy:China Redefines Its Role on the Asian Mainland

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2018年第7期6卷 408-418页

作者： Lang kao Hang Seng Management College(HSMC) Hong Kong

This article proposes how China is using Silk Road diplomacy to redefine its roles on the Asian *** undertaking will inevitably change geopolitical conditions along the Silk Road corridor,and will affect the interests of major powers within that *** the past five years,Beijing has been vigorously promoting its Belt&Road Initiative(BRI),the most ambitious foreign policy to be adopted by China since Deng Xiaoping’s program of“reform and opening up.”This is an enormous initiative that will require vast amounts of capital and multilateral cooperation,so many risks will be encountered in the course of its *** objectives of the article are to:(a)explore the ideas,goals,and strategies of Silk Road diplomacy from the constructivist perspective;and(b)analyze the attendant difficulties,as well as how Silk Road diplomacy is likely to affect the Silk Road countries and China’s Western provinces.

关键词： Belt&Road Initiative Silk Road diplomacy China constructivism geopolitics

Emodin ameliorates lipopolysaccharides-induced corneal inflammation in rats

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第4期8卷 665-669页

作者： Guo-Ling Chen Jing-Jing Zhang Xin kao Lu-Wan Wei Zhi-Yu Liu Department of Ophthalmology the Second Hospital of Shandong University Department of Ophthalmology the Third People's Hospital of Jinan Department of Anatomy Shandong Univeristy School of Medicine

· AIM: To investigate the effect of emodin on pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced corneal inflammation in rats.· METHODS: Corneal infection was induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS in Wistar rats. The inflammation induced by LPS were examined by slit lamp microscope and cytological checkup of aqueous *** tissue structure was observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) was determined by Western *** ribonucleic acid(m RNA) of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in LPS-challenged rat corneas were measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).· RESULTS: Typical manifestations of acute corneal inflammation were observed in LPS-induce rat model,and the corneal inflammatory response and structure were improved in rats pretreated with emodin. Treatment with emodin could improve corneal structure, reduce corneal injure by reducing corneal inflammatory response. Emodin could inhibit the decreasing lever of inhibitor of kappa B alpha(IкBα) express, and the m RNA expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1 in corneal tissues was also inhibited by emodin. The differences were statistically significant between groups treated with emodin and those without treatment(P <0.01).·CONCLUSION: Emodin could ameliorate LPS-induced corneal inflammation, which might via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.

关键词： nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha therapy inflammation