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Multipoint observations of Pi2 pulsations and correlation with dynamic processes in the near-Earth magnetotail on March 18,2009

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第2期57卷 359-371页

作者： LUO hao CHEN GengXiong du AiMin Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Simultaneous measurements from THEMIS spacecraft, GOES11 and ground stations （Canadian Array for Realtime Investiga tions of Magnetic Activity or CARISMA, and 210 magnetic meridian or MM） on March 18, 2009 allow the study of dynamic processes in the nearEarth magnetotail and corresponding Pi2 pulsations on the ground in great detail. Fast earthward flows along with traveling Alfv6n waves and fast mode waves in the Pi2 band were observed by three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms （THEM/S） probes （P3, P4 and P5） in the nearEarth plasmasbeet. At the mid to highlatitude nightside, the CARISMA stations located near the foot points of the three probes recorded Pi2s with two periods, about 80 s after the earthward fast flows observed by the P4 probe. The longperiod Pi2 （140-150 s） belongs to the transient response Pi2 （TR Pi2）, since the travel time of the Alfv6n waves between the plasma sheet and CARISMA stations is very close to half the period of the longperiod Pi2. The shortperiod Pi2 （60-80 s） has the same period band as the perpendicular velocity of the fast flows, which indicates that it may relate to the inertial current caused by periodic braking of the earthward fast flows. The 210 MM stations located at the lowlatitude duskside also observed Pi2s with the same start time, waveform and frequency, about 120 s after the earthward fast flows. Strong poloidal oscillations are shown by GOES11 （23 MLT） and the compressional component （Bb） is highly correlated with H components of the 210 MM stations, whereas the other two components （Br and Be） are not. These results confirm that the lowlatitude Pi2s are generated by cavity mode resonance, which is driven by an impulsive broadband source in the nearEarth magnetotail.

关键词： Pi2 pulsations earthward fast flows Alfvn waves cavity mode resonance

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Morphologies of a spherical bimodal polyelectrolyte brush induced by polydispersity and solvent selectivity

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第6期30卷 637-647页

作者： Qing-Hai hao jie Cheng College of Science Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China

It is commonly realized that polydispersity may significantly affect the surface modification properties of polymer brush systems. In light of this, we systematically study morphologies of bidisperse polyelectrolyte brush grafted onto a spherical nanocolloid in the presence of trivalent counterions using molecular dynamics simulations. Via varying polydispersity, grafting density, and solvent selectivity, the effects of electrostatic correlation and excluded volume are focused, and rich phase behaviors of binary mixed polyelectrolyte brush are predicted, including a variety of pinned-patch morphologies at low grafting density and micelle-like structures at high grafting density. To pinpoint the mechanism of surface structure formation, the shape factor of two species of polyelectrolyte chains and the pair correlation function between monomers from different polyelectrolyte ligands are analyzed carefully. Also, electrostatic correlations, manifested as the bridging through trivalent counterions, are examined by identifying four states of trivalent counterions. Our simulation results may be useful for designing smart stimuli-responsive materials based on mixed polyelectrolyte coated surfaces.

关键词： surface morphologies polydisperse polyelectrolyte brush solvent selectivity molecular dynamics simulation

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Locally Enhanced Flow and Electric Fields Through a Tip Effect for Efficient Flow‑Electrode Capacitive Deionization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 1-17页

作者： Ziquan Wang Xiangfeng Chen Yuan Zhang jie Ma Zhiqun Lin Amor Abdelkader Maria‑Magdalena Titirici Libo Deng College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji University1239 Siping RoadShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore Department of Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPooleEngland BH125BBUK Institut de Chimie de Nice UniversitéCôte d’AzurUMR CNRS 727228 Av.Valrose06108 NiceFrance Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusExhibition RdLondon SW72AZUK

Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of ***,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current ***,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport *** effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal *** the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current ***,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current ***,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.

关键词： Flow-electrode Capacitive deionization Current collector Tip effect Desalination

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The low-latitude sodium layer:comparative data from lidar observations at Hainan,China and São Paulo,Brazil

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 39-53页

作者： Fang Wu Jing Jiao GuoTao Yang LiFang du ZhengKuan Liu haoRan Zheng JiXin Guo ShaoHua Gong YaJun Zhu State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hainan National Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather NSSC/INPESão Josédos Campos 12227-010Brazil School of Physics and Electronics Engineering Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude *** sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s *** paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the *** low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in ***,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over *** variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before *** variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain *** suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.

关键词： metallic sodium layer seasonal variation nocturnal variation lidar

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Determining Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height with the Numerical Differentiation Method Using Bending Angle Data from COSMIC

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第3期36卷 303-312,340页

作者： Shen YAN jie XIANG Huadong du College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather of Ministry of Education

This paper presents a new method to estimate the height of the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) by using COSMIC radio occultation bending angle(BA) data. Using the numerical differentiation method combined with the regularization technique, the first derivative of BA profiles is retrieved, and the height at which the first derivative of BA has the global minimum is defined to be the ABL height. To reflect the reliability of estimated ABL heights, the sharpness parameter is introduced, according to the relative minimum of the BA derivative. Then, it is applied to four months of COSMIC BA data(January, April, July, and October in 2008), and the ABL heights estimated are compared with two kinds of ABL heights from COSMIC products and with the heights determined by the finite difference method upon the refractivity data. For sharp ABL tops(large sharpness parameters), there is little difference between the ABL heights determined by different methods, i.e.,the uncertainties are small; whereas, for non-sharp ABL tops(small sharpness parameters), big differences exist in the ABL heights obtained by different methods, which means large uncertainties for different methods. In addition, the new method can detect thin ABLs and provide a reference ABL height in the cases eliminated by other methods. Thus, the application of the numerical differentiation method combined with the regularization technique to COSMIC BA data is an appropriate choice and has further application value.

关键词： atmospheric boundary layer height numerical differentiation method COSMIC bending angle regularization

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Surface pattern based on an azobenzene-containing copolymer thin film and its light-driven morphology modulation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第7期14卷 504-513页

作者： Lei ZHANG Li WANG hao-jie YU State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University

A type of azobenzene-containing block copolymer polymethyl methacrylate-b-poly (n-butylmethacrylate-co-6-(4-(phenylazo) benzoate) hexyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-(PnBMA-co-PAzoMA)) was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Macroinitiator polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was prepared by ATRP and used to initiate the copolymerization of monomer n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) and azobenzene-based methacrylate monomer (AzoMA). Herein, three block copolymers with different molecular weights and block volume fractions were obtained and spin-coated on a silicon substrate or quartz plate before annealing at 180℃ for 14 h. The surface morphologies in these annealed copolymer films were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bicontinuous stripe or island patterns with different sizes were formed dependent on the film thickness. These ordered patterns are considered to be formed arising from the dewetting process of the surface layer in the copolymer film. Photoisomerization of azobenzene units in the copolymer films changed the dewetting behaviors of the surface layer of the thin film. Therefore, some copolymer annealed films showed a reversible morphology conversion between bicontinuous stripe and island structure when exposed to UV light and upon being stored in the dark. It was found that the composition of the block copolymer had obvious influences on the photoinduced morphology conversion behaviors in these copolymer thin films. When the volumes of PnBMA and PAzoMA phases in the block copolymer were large enough, the surface morphology could be modulated by UV light irradiation and storage in the dark. This work proposes a new possibility for photoinduced control and design of the dewetting processes of thin films using a linear block copolymer.

关键词： Dewetting behavior Photoinduced morphology modulation Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) Block copolymer

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Gas kinetic flux solver based finite volume weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for inviscid compressible flows

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第6期44卷 961-980页

作者： Lan JIANG jie WU Liming YANG hao DONG State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Aerodynamics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

A high-order gas kinetic flux solver(GKFS)is presented for simulating inviscid compressible *** weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme on a uniform mesh in the finite volume formulation is combined with the circular function-based GKFS(C-GKFS)to capture more details of the flow fields with fewer *** from most of the current GKFSs,which are constructed based on the Maxwellian distribution function or its equivalent form,the C-GKFS simplifies the Maxwellian distribution function into the circular function,which ensures that the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations can be recovered *** improves the efficiency of the GKFS and reduces its complexity to facilitate the practical application of *** benchmark cases are simulated,and good agreement can be obtained in comparison with the references,which demonstrates that the high-order C-GKFS can achieve the desired accuracy.

关键词： circular function-based gas kinetic flux solver(C-GKFS) weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme compressible flow finite volume method

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Effects of Power Density and Post Annealing Process on the Microstructure and Wettability of TiO_2 Films Deposited by Mid-frequency Magnetron Reactive Sputtering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第2期24卷 172-178页

作者： Ying CUI hao du Jinquan XIAO Lishi WEN Division of Surface Engineering of Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

The relationship of ＂preparation parameters-microstructures-wettability＂ of TiO2 films was reported. In this work, TiO2 films were deposited onto glass and silicon substrates by using mid-frequency dual magnetron sputtering technique at ambient temperature with various power densities and deposition time. After deposition, the films were heat treated at different annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） were utilized to characterize TiO2 films. The wettability of the films was evaluated by water contact angle measurement. The phase transition temperature of TiO2 films depended on the power density. It was demonstrated that wettability was strongly structure dependent and the film with the thickness of 610 nm （the power density was 2.22 W/cm^2） showed the lowest contact angle （8°）. It can be concluded that smaller crystallite size, the rutile phase with （110） face being parallel to the surface, and tensile stress favored the hydrophilicity of the TiO2 films.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Reactive magnetron sputtering Phase composition Microstructure Hydrophilicity

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Surface modification of wollastonite by the mechano-activated method and its properties

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第1期18卷 83-88页

作者： hao Ding Shou-ci Lu Gao-xiang du School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Surface modification of wollastonite particles using titanate as a modification agent incorporated by simultaneous wet ultra-fine grinding in a laboratory stirred mill was *** physical,physic-chemical and application properties of the modified wollastonite were measured and *** results showed that grinding intensity markedly influences the modification effect because of the mechano chemical *** hydrophilic surface of wollastonite was turned into a hydrophobic one after *** interaction between titanate and wollastonite under wet grinding circumstances was *** was suggested that physical adsorption and chemical adsorption of titanate coexisted on the wollastonite *** mechanical properties of polyethylene（PE） filled with the modified wollastonite powder were markedly improved.

关键词： silicate minerals modification surface properties ball milling fillers

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Fast prediction for multi-parameters(concentration,temperature and humidity)of indoor environment towards the online control of HVAC system

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 649-665页

作者： hao-Cheng Zhu Chen Ren Shi-jie Cao School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing27009China Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK Academy of Building Energy Efficiency School of Civil EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 570006China

Heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)systems are the most energy-consuming building implements for the improvement of indoor environmental quality(IEQ).We have developed the optimal control strategies for HVAC system to respectively achieve the optimal selections of ventilation rate and supplied air temperature with consideration of energy conservation,through the fast prediction methods by using low-dimensional linear ventilation model(LLVM)based artificial neural network(ANN)and low-dimensional linear temperature model(LLTM)based contribution ratio of indoor climate(CRI_((T))).To be continued for integrated control of multi-parameters,we further developed the fast prediction model for indoor humidity by using low-dimensional linear humidity model(LLHM)and contribution ratio of indoor humidity(CRI_((H))),and thermal sensation index(TS)for *** was used to construct the prediction database for CO_(2),temperature and ***-dimensional linear models(LLM),including LLVM,LLTM and LLHM,were adopted to expand database for the sake of data storage ***,coupling with ANN,CRI_((T)) and CRI_((H)), the distributions of indoor CO_(2) concentration,temperature,and humidity were rapidly predicted on the basis of LLVM-based ANN,LLTM-based CRIm and LLHM-based CRM ***,according to the self-defined indices(i.e.,E_(V),E_(T),E_(H)),the optimal balancing between IEQ(indicated by CO_(2) concentration,PMV and TS)and energy consumption(indicated by ventilation rate,supplied air temperature and humidity)were synthetically *** total HVAC energy consumption could be reduced by 35%on the strength of current control *** work can further contribute to development of the intelligent online control for HVAC systems.

关键词： HVAC system indoor air pollution thermal comfort indoor humidity control

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