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Nickel extraction from nickel laterites: Processes, resources, environment and cost

China Geology 2025年第1期8卷 187-213页

作者： Zhen-fang zhang Wei-bo zhang Zhen-guo zhang Xiu-fa Chen Development Research Center of China Geological Survey Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Inner Mongolia University of Technology Hohhot 010062China

With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth point in *** paper systematically summarizes the processes,parameters,products,recovery rates,environmental indicators,costs,advantages,disadvantages and the latest research progress of mainstream nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel *** also provides a comparative analysis of the environmental impact and economic efficiency of different nickel extraction *** is found that the current nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore globally for commercial production mainly include the RKEF process for producing ferronickel and the HPAL process for producing intermediate *** former accounts for about 80%of laterite nickel ore *** to each other,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity for the RKEF is about 43000$,with an operational cost of about 16000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 77%–90%.Its products are mainly used in stainless *** the HPAL process,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity is about 56000$,with an operational cost of about 15000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 83%–90%.Its products are mainly used in power *** significant differences between the two lies in energy consumption and carbon emissions,with the RKEF being 2.18 and 2.37 times that of the HPAL,*** the use of clean energy can greatly reduce the operational cost and environmental impact of RKEF,if RKEF is converted to producing high Ni matte,its economic and environmental performance still cannot match that of the HPAL and oxygen-enriched side-blown ***,it can be inferred that with the increasing demand for nickel in power batteries,HPAL and oxygen-enriched side

关键词： Laterite nickel ore Limonite Saprolite Nickel extraction Pyrometallurgy Power batteries Hydrometallurgy Cost Environmental impact Life cycle assessment Comprehensive utilization Mineral exploration engineering

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Worldvolume fermions as baryons in holographic quantum chromodynamics with instantons

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第1期77卷 106-121页

作者： Si-wen Li hao-qian Li Yi-peng zhang Department of Physics School of ScienceDalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

In this study,we investigated worldvolume fermions on the flavor brane in the D0-D4/D8 model,which is holographically equivalent to four-dimensional quantum chromodynamics with instantons or equivalently with a theta *** action involving the worldvolume fermions was obtained by the T-duality rules in string theory,and we accordingly derived their effective five-dimensional and canonical four-dimensional forms by using the systematic dimensional reduction and decomposition of the ***,we used the AdS/CFT dictionary to evaluate the two-point correlation function as the spectral function for the worldvolume fermions and interpreted the fermions as baryons by analyzing their quantum number with the baryon vertex in *** this sense,the interacted action involving the worldvolume fermions and gauge field on the flavor brane was finally derived in holography,which describes the various interactions of mesons and baryons with instantons in the large-N ***,this study provides a holographic picture to describe baryons and their interactions based on string theory,particularly in the presence of instantons or a theta angle.

关键词： gauge-gravity duality AdS/CFT holographic QCD

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Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify CLC-2 as a drug target for anti-herpesvirus therapy:tackling herpesvirus drug resistance

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 515-526页

作者： Fayu Yang Nan Wei Shuo Cai Jing Liu Qingping Lan hao zhang Lu Shang bo Zheng Mi Wang Yingchun Liu Lifang zhang Chenzhong Fei Wu Tong Changlong Liu Ersheng Kuang Guangzhi Tong Feng Gu Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghai 200241China State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhou Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Human Virology Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China School of Medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The emergence of drug resistance to virus(i.e.,acyclovir(ACV)to herpesviruses)has been termed one of the common clinical issues,emphasizing the discovery of new antiviral *** address it,a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)screening was performed in mouse haploid embryonic stem cells infected with pseudorabies virus(PRV),anα-herpesvirus causing human and pig *** results demonstrated that type 2 voltage-gated chloride channels(CLC-2)encoded by one of the identified genes,CLCN2,is a potential drug target for anti-herpesvirus ***-2 inhibitors,omeprazole(OME)and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(DIDS),can efficiently inhibit infection of multiple herpesviruses in cellulo(i.e.,PRV,HSV and EBV),and effectively treat murine herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE).Additionally,DIDS was found to inhibit HSV-1 replication by blocking the PI3K/Akt *** importantly,both DIDS and OME were able to inhibit ACV-resistant HSV-1 strain *** study's findings suggest that targeting host-cell factors such as CLC-2 may be a promising approach to tackling herpesvirus drug *** discovery of CLC-2 as a potential drug target for anti-herpesvirus therapy provides a new direction for the development of novel antiviral agents.

关键词： herpesviruses CRISPR host-directed therapy CLC-2 DIDS

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Deep Synchronization Control of Grid-Forming Converters:A Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 273-275页

作者： Zhuorui Wu Meng zhang bo Fan Yang Shi Xiaohong Guan the School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University the Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Victoria

Dear Editor,This letter proposes a deep synchronization control(DSC) method to synchronize grid-forming converters with power grids. The method involves constructing a novel controller for grid-forming converters based on the stable deep dynamics model. To enhance the performance of the controller, the dynamics model is optimized within the deep reinforcement learning(DRL) framework. Simulation results verify that the proposed method can reduce frequency deviation and improve active power responses.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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卵巢癌腹腔化疗应用现状与相关问题

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中国实用妇科与产科杂志 2012年第3期28卷 180-184页

作者：郝敏冯波张娜山西医科大学第二医院妇产科山西太原030001

腹腔化疗作为卵巢癌的一种区域性治疗方式,被应用于卵巢癌的化疗治疗中,包括微小残留病灶的一线化疗,标准治疗后病理完全缓解的巩固治疗,以及复发性卵巢癌的二线化疗。文章介绍了关于卵巢癌腹腔化疗的临床应用及现存问题。

关键词：卵巢癌腹腔化疗静脉化疗

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A nanocomposite film with layer-by-layer self-assembled gold nanospheres driven by cucurbit[7]uril for the selective transport of l-tryptophan and lysozyme

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 258-261页

作者： hao zhang haonan Qu Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi Haibing Li Feng Liang The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungang 222005China

Selective separation of amino acids and proteins is crucial in various areas of research,including proteomics,protein structure and function studies,protein purification and drug development,and biosensing and biodetection.A nanocomposite film is formed by combining layer-by-layer self-assembled gold nanospheres(Au NPs)driven by cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)*** to the host-guest interactions,the selective transmission of l-tryptophan in the nanocomposite film is confirmed by the current-voltage measurements using a ***,by adjusting the particle size of Au NPs to increase channel size,lysozyme containing multiple tryptophan residues can selectively pass through the nanocomposite film,indicating the high versatility and adaptability of the nanocomposite *** study will provide a new direction for the selective separation of amino acids and proteins.

关键词： Nanocomposite film Cucurbituril Gold nanospheres Host-guest interactions Selective transmission

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Graph based recurrent network for context specific synthetic lethality prediction

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 527-540页

作者： Yuyang Jiang Jing Wang Yixin zhang ZhiWei Cao Qinglong zhang Jinsong Su Song He Xiaochen bo Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Bioinformatics Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing 100850China School of Medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Informatics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

The concept of synthetic lethality(SL)has been successfully used for targeted *** further explore SL for cancer therapy,identifying more SL interactions with therapeutic potential are ***,graph neural network-based deep learning methods have been proposed for SL prediction,which reduce the SL search space of wet-lab based ***,these methods ignore that most SL interactions depend strongly on genetic context,which limits the application of the predicted *** this study,we proposed a graph recurrent network-based model for specific context-dependent SL prediction(SLGRN).In particular,we introduced a Graph Recurrent Network-based encoder to acquire a context-specific,low-dimensional feature representation for each node,facilitating the prediction of novel *** leveraged gate recurrent unit(GRU)and it incorporated a context-dependent-level state to effectively integrate information from all *** a result,SLGRN outperforms the state-of-the-arts models for SL *** subsequently validate novel SL interactions under different contexts based on combination therapy or patient survival *** in vitro experiments and retrospective clinical analysis,we emphasize the potential clinical significance of this context-specific SL prediction model.

关键词： synthetic lethality graph recurrent network context-specific graph combination therapy

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Antibiotic exposure alters the honeybee gut microbiota and may interfere with the honeybee behavioral caste transition

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 260-276页

作者： Zijing zhang Xiaohuan Mu Qina Cao Yifan Zhai Li Zheng Yan Liu hao Zheng Xue zhang Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyHebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-EnvironmentCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBejingChina Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJinanChina Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina AgriculturalUniversityBeijingChina

Behavioral division is essential for the sustainability and reproduction of honeybee *** accumulating evidence has documented that antibiotic exposure interferes with bee behavioral divisions,how the gut microbiome,host physiology,and genetic regulation are implicated in this process remains ***,by constructing single-cohort colonies,we validated that the gut microbiota varied in composition between age-matched nurse and forager *** the gut microbiota with a low dose of antibiotic retained the gut bacterial size,but the structure of the microbial community continuously diverged from the control group after antibiotic *** foragers were observed in the antibiotic groups in the field experiment.A combinatorial effect of decreased gut metabolic gene repertoires,reduced brain neurotransmitter titers,and downregulated brain immune genes could potentially be related to behavioral tasks transition *** work indicates that the disturbance to both the gut microbiome and host physiologies after antibiotic exposure may have implications on social behavior development,highlighting the need for further research focusing on antibiotic pollution threatening the honeybee population's health.

关键词： antibiotic resistance Apis mellifera behavioral development immune genes

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1.56 kV/30 A vertical β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes with composite edge terminations

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 389-390页

作者： Yitao FENG Hong ZHOU Sami ALGHAMDI hao FANG Xiaorong zhang Yanbo CHEN Guotao TIAN Saud WASLY Yue hao Jincheng zhang Key Lab of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices School of MicroelectronicsXidian University Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES) King Abdulaziz University China Resources Microelectronics Limited

In recent years, large-area wide-bandgap（WBG） semiconductor materials have achieved numerous notable breakthroughs [1,2]. The ultra-WBG semiconductor β-Ga2O3,with its excellent material properties, is ideally suited for the fabrication of power devices. Moreover, it offers easily obtainable large-area substrates, with reported sizes up to 6 inches, produced through melt-grown crystal growth methods. These characteristics make β-Ga2O3highly attractive for future low-cost commercialization. Despite these advances, most research has focused on low-current and small-size diodes, with few studies addressing high-current and large-size diodes.

关键词： Schottky barrier diodes

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Tetraphenylethylene-derived organic cages with persistent photogenic radicaloids and efficient photothermal conversion

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 661-669页

作者： Suqiong Yan bo Yang Fanda Feng Yuan zhang Shirong Ban Hui Ma Wei Huang State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University Shenzhen 518057China

Transformation of the electronic spin states has received significant interest in recent years because of its applications in the magnetic information storage materials and optical response ***,it can be formidably challenging to use ultraviolet(UV)light as a contactless stimulus to alter the electronic spin states of the supramolecular *** by the approach on the radical cation mechanism of the Scholl reaction and the photocyclization reactivity of tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives,we report two photochromic cages(cage-TPE-1 and cage-TPE-2)that can be photochemically transformed from electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)-silent to EPR-active form via UV irradiation due to the photo-induced electron transfer process at the TPE *** provided a strong single-electron signal with a g value of 2.003 in cage-TPE-1 and cage-TPE-2 but no signal was detected for the pristine samples without the *** transformation can be monitored by ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared(UV–vis–NIR)and photoluminescence(PL)*** photogenic radical cage intermediate was unstable in solution resulting in the degradation and intramolecular cyclization of the reactive species,while the radicals were found to be stable and persistent in the solid state due to the spin delocalization,the steric protection of confined cavities,and the oxygen *** theoretical calculations and spectral measurements suggest that the photogenic radical cage-TPE-2(•+)experiences photocyclization on the TPE *** with the close-shell cage,the radical cage-TPE-1(•+)and cage-TPE-2(•+)exhibit better photothermal conversion performance due to the incubated infrared absorption from open-shell electron feature and reduced band gap.

关键词： supramolecular cage photogenic radical photocyclization photothermal conversion

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