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Enhancing single-cell encapsulation in droplet microfluidics with fine-tunable on-chip sample enrichment

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 149-160页

作者： Tao Tang hao zhao Shaofei Shen Like Yang Chwee Teck Lim Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore117583 SingaporeSingapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of Singapore119077 SingaporeSingapore Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM College of Life ScienceShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguShanxi 030801China Institute for Health Innovation&Technology National University of Singapore117599 SingaporeSingapore Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore117411 SingaporeSingapore Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University636921 SingaporeSingapore

Single-cell encapsulation in droplet microfluidics is commonly hindered by the tradeoff between cell suspension density and on-chip focusing performance.In this study,we introduce a novel droplet microfluidic chip to overcome this challenge.The chip comprises a double spiral focusing unit,a flow resistance-based sample enrichment module with fine-tunable outlets,and a crossflow droplet generation unit.Utilizing a low-density cell/bead suspension(2×10^(6) objects/mL),cells/beads are focused into a near-equidistant linear arrangement within the double spiral microchannel.The excess water phase is diverted while cells/beads remain focused and sequentially encapsulated in individual droplets.Focusing performance was assessed through numerical simulations and experiments at three flow rates(40,60,80μL/min),demonstrating successful focusing at 40 and 80μL/min for beads and cells,respectively.In addition,both simulation and experimental results revealed that the flow resistance at the sample enrichment module is adjustable by punching different outlets,allowing over 50%of the aqueous phase to be removed.YOLOv8n-based droplet detection algorithms realized the counting of cells/beads in droplets,statistically demonstrating single-cell and bead encapsulation rates of 72.2%and 79.2%,respectively.All the results indicate that this on-chip sample enrichment approach can be further developed and employed as a critical component in single-cell encapsulation in water-in-oil droplets.

关键词： beads outlet sample

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Enhanced stability of nitrogen-doped carbon-supported palladium catalyst for oxidative carbonylation of phenol

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 19-28页

作者： Xiaojing Liu Ruohan zhao hao zhao Zhimiao Wang Fang Li Wei Xue Yanji Wang Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Tianjin 300130China Hebei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Green Chemical Industry Huanghua 061100China

Enhancing the stability of supported noble metal catalysts emerges is a major challenge in both science and industry.Herein,a heterogeneous Pd catalyst(Pd/NCF)was prepared by supporting Pd ultrafine metal nanoparticles(NPs)on nitrogen-doped carbon;synthesized by using F127 as a stabilizer,as well as chitosan as a carbon and nitrogen source.The Pd/NCF catalyst was efficient and recyclable for oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate,exhibiting higher stability than Pd/NC prepared without F127 addition.The hydrogen bond between chitosan(CTS)and F127 was enhanced by F127,which anchored the N in the free amino group,increasing the N content of the carbon material and ensuring that the support could provide sufficient N sites for the deposition of Pd NPs.This process helped to improve metal dispersion.The increased metal-support interaction,which limits the leaching and coarsening of Pd NPs,improves the stability of the Pd/NCF catalyst.Furthermore,density functional theory calculations indicated that pyridine N stabilized the Pd^(2+)species,significantly inhibiting the loss of Pd^(2+)in Pd/NCF during the reaction process.This work provides a promising avenue towards enhancing the stability of nitrogen-doped carbon-supported metal catalysts.

关键词： Supported Pd catalyst N-doped carbon Amphiphilic triblock copolymer Pyridinic nitrogen Stability

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Encoding biological metaverse: Advancements and challenges in neural fields from macroscopic to microscopic

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 30-32页

作者： Yantong Cai Wenbo Hu Yao Pei hao zhao Guangchuang Yu Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 266003China Department of Bioinformatics School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Tencent AI Lab Shenzhen 518071China State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health(D24H) Hong Kong Science ParkHong Kong SARChina Institute for AI Industry Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100000China

Neural fields can efficiently encode three-dimensional(3D)scenes,providing a bridge between two-dimensional(2D)images and virtual reality.This method becomes a trendsetter in bringing the metaverse into vivo life.It has initially captured the attention of macroscopic biology,as demonstrated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,which provide a 3D field of view for diagnostic biological images.Meanwhile,it has also opened up new research opportunities in microscopic imaging,such as achieving clearer de novo protein structure reconstructions.Introducing this method to the field of biology is particularly significant,as it is refining the approach to studying biological images.However,many biologists have yet to fully appreciate the distinctive meaning of neural fields in transforming 2D images into 3D perspectives.This article discusses the application of neural fields in both microscopic and macroscopic biological images and their practical uses in biomedicine,highlighting the broad prospects of neural fields in the future biological metaverse.We stand at the threshold of an exciting new era,where the advancements in neural field technology herald the dawn of exploring the mysteries of life in innovative ways.

关键词： neural bringing innovative

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Insight study of rare earth elements in PM_(2.5)during five years in a Chinese inland city:Composition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 439-449页

作者： Yi-Wen Shen Chang-Xian zhao hao zhao Shuo-Fei Dong Qi Guo Jiao-Jiao Xie Mei-Ling Lv Chun-Gang Yuan Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department ofEnvironmental Science&EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071000China MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Agilent Technologies Co.Ltd.(China) Beijing 100102China

The booming development of rare earth industry and the extensive utilization of its products accompanied by urban development have led to the accelerated accumulation of rare earth elements(REEs)as emerging pollutants in atmospheric environment.In this study,the variation of REEs in PM_(2.5)with urban(a non-mining city)transformation was investigated through five consecutive years of sample collection.The compositional variability and provenance contribution of REEs in PM_(2.5)were characterized,and the REEs exposure risks of children and adults via inhalation,ingestion and dermal absorption were also evaluated.The results showed an increase in the total REEs concentration from 46.46±35.16 mg/kg(2017)to 81.22±38.98 mg/kg(2021)over the five-year period,with Ce and La making the largest contribution.The actual increment of industrial and traffic emission source among the three pollution sources was 1.34 ng/m^(3).Coal combustion source displayed a downward trend.Ingestion was the main exposure pathway for REEs in PM_(2.5)for both children and adults.Ce contributed the most to the total intake of REEs in PM_(2.5)among the population,followed by La and Nd.The exposure risks of REEs in PM_(2.5)in the region were relatively low,but the trend of change was of great concern.It was strongly recommended to strengthen the concern about traffic-related non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter.

关键词： Rare earth elements Exposure risks Pollution sources Traffic-related non-exhaust emissions

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Electrocatalytic NAD(P)H regeneration for biosynthesis

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 1-15页

作者： Yaoxuan Li Guanhua Liu Weixi Kong Suoqing Zhang Yuemei Bao hao zhao Lihui Wang Liya Zhou Yanjun Jiang National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China North China Pharmaceutical Group Corp Shijiazhuang050015China Tianjin Food Research Institute Tianjin301609China

The highly efficient chemoselectivity,stereoselectivity,and regioselectivity render enzyme catalysis an ideal pathway for the synthesis of various chemicals in broad applications.While the cofactor of an enzyme is necessary but expensive,the conversed state of the cofactor is not beneficial for the positive direction of the reaction.Cofactor regeneration using electrochemical methods has the advantages of simple operation,low cost,easy process monitoring,and easy product separation,and the electrical energy is green and sustainable.Therefore,bioelectrocatalysis has great potential in synthesis by combining electrochemical cofactor regeneration with enzymatic catalysis.In this review,we detail the mechanism of cofactor regeneration and categorize the common electron mediators and enzymes used in cofactor regeneration.The reaction type and the recent progress are summarized in electrochemically coupled enzymatic catalysis.The main challenges of such electroenzymatic catalysis are pointed out and future developments in this field are foreseen.

关键词： Biosynthesis Cofactor regeneration Bioelectrocatalysis NAD(P)H Electron mediator

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Detection of Ochratoxin A and Human Exposure Risk Assessment in Rasa roxburghii by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Renli Ai Yang Xiao Zhu Li Chao zhao Jing Li Wei Jia Longfeng Wei hao zhao Taotao An Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education) College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering Guizhou University Institution of Supervision and Inspection Product Quality of Guizhou Province Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment Guizhou Normal University

SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS was firstly used to evaluate the contamination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in Rasa roxburghii and firstly assessed the human exposure risk of OTA in Rasa roxburghii. A more suitable method for OTA extraction and purification of R. roxburghii was obtained， 25 mL of R. roxburghii juice was treated with enzymatic hydrolysis at a concentration of 0.06 mg/mL. The resulting mixture was filtered and concentrated to dry， then redissolved with 0.2 mL of methanol and diluted with 0.4 mL of ultra-pure water. The activated HLB column， which was added the sample solution， was washed with 6 mL of ultra-pure water and then eluted with 6 mL of methanol to purify. The eluent was collected and dried by nitrogen at 40 ℃， then redissolved in 1 mL of methanol and filtered for detection. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of all samples ranged from 0.077% to 35.792%， which were within the allowable limits for human consumption. But from the perspective of OTA contamination， we recommend the max stored time were 14 days at room temperature， 35 days at 4 ℃ and 63 days at -20 ℃ for R. roxburghii fruit， and 7 days for sealed storage and the same-day for open storage at room temperature， 14 days for sealed storage and 7 days for open storage at 4 ℃， and 63 days for sealed storage and 56 days for open storage at -20 ℃ for R. roxburghii juice. And all thirty samples randomly sampled from the market were OTA negative. The results of this study can lay a foundation for the formulation of OTA limit standards in fruits and juice in the future， and provide a reference for consumers to consume R. roxburghii more healthily.

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Glutamicibacter nicotianae AT6:A new strain for the efficient biodegradation of tilmicosin

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 182-192页

作者： Huijuan Li hao Zhou Liling Fan Long Meng Yanyun zhao Lanmei zhao Bo Wang College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Heze UniversityHeze 274015China College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

The degradation of tilmicosin(TLM),a semi-synthetic 16-membered macrolide antibiotic,has been receiving increasing attention.Conventionally,there are three tilmicosin degradation methods,and among them microbial degradation is considered the best due to its high efficiency,eco-friendliness,and low cost.Coincidently,we found a new strain,Glutamicibacter nicotianae sp.AT6,capable of degrading high-concentration TLM at 100 mg/L with a 97%removal efficiency.The role of tryptone was as well investigated,and the results revealed that the loading of tryptone had a significant influence on TLM removals.The toxicity assessment indicated that strain AT6 could efficiently convert TLM into less-toxic substances.Based on the identified intermediates,the degradation of TLM by AT6 processing through two distinct pathways was then proposed.

关键词： Tilmicosin Glutamicibacter nicotianae Biodegradation Degradation pathway Pharmaceutical wastewater

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P-symmetric Subharmonic Solutions for Nonlinear Hamiltonian Systems

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第6期40卷 1388-1408页

作者： Duan Zhi ZHANG Zhi hao zhao School of Mathematical Sciences Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071P.R.China

In this paper,we prove that for each positive k≡1 mod m there exists a P-symmetric kmτ-periodic solution xk for asymptotically linear mτ-periodic Hamiltonian systems,which are nonautonomous and endowed with a P-symmetry.If the P-symmetric Hamiltonian function is semi-positive,one can prove,under a new iteration inequality of the Maslov-type P-index,that xk_(1) and xk_(2) are geometrically distinct for k_(1)/k_(2)≥(2n+1)m+1;and xk_(1),xk_(2) are geometrically distinct for k_(1)/k_(2)≥m+1 provided xk_(1) is non-degenerate.

关键词： P-symmetric subharmonic Hamiltonian systems Maslov-type index theory iteration inequality asymptotically linear

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Event-Triggered Bipartite Consensus Tracking and Vibration Control of Flexible Timoshenko Manipulators Under Time-Varying Actuator Faults

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第5期11卷 1190-1201页

作者： Xiangqian Yao hao Sun Zhijia zhao Yu Liu School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Yongjiang Laboratory Ningbo 315202 School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

For bipartite angle consensus tracking and vibration suppression of multiple Timoshenko manipulator systems with time-varying actuator faults,parameter and modeling uncertainties,and unknown disturbances,a novel distributed boundary event-triggered control strategy is proposed in this work.In contrast to the earlier findings,time-varying consensus tracking and actuator defects are taken into account simultaneously.In addition,the constructed event-triggered control mechanism can achieve a more flexible design because it is not required to satisfy the input-to-state condition.To achieve the control objectives,some new integral control variables are given by using back-stepping technique and boundary control.Moreover,adaptive neural networks are applied to estimate system uncertainties.With the proposed event-triggered scheme,control inputs can reduce unnecessary updates.Besides,tracking errors and vibration states of the closed-looped network can be exponentially convergent into some small fields,and Zeno behaviors can be excluded.At last,some simulation examples are given to state the effectiveness of the control algorithms.

关键词： Vibration satisfy bipartite

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Circulating RNA ZFR promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process through miR-624-3p/WEE1 axis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 52-63页

作者： Li Zhang Sai He hao Guan Yao zhao Di Zhang Department of General Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004China Department of Breast Cancer Shaanxi Provincial Cancer HospitalXi’an 710000China

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the most common type of primary liver cancer,is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Previous evidence shows that the expression of circulating RNA ZFR(circZFR)is upregulated in HCC tissues.However,the molecular mechanism of circZFR in HCC is unclear.Methods:Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was employed to detect the expression of circZFR,microRNA-624-3p(miR-624-3p)and WEE1 in HCC tissues and cells.RNase R assay and actinomycin D treatment assay were used to analyze the characteristics of circZFR.For functional analysis,the capacities of colony formation,cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,migration and invasion were assessed by colony formation assay,5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine(EdU)assay,flow cytometry assay and transwell assay.Western blot was used to examine the protein levels of WEE1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related proteins.The interactions between miR-624-3p and circZFR or WEE1 were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay.Xenograft models were established to determine the role of circZFR in vivo.Results:circZFR and WEE1 were upregulated,while miR-624-3p expression was reduced in HCC tissues and cells.circZFR could sponge miR-624-3p,and WEE1 was a downstream gene of miR-624-3p.Knockdown of circZFR significantly reduced the malignant behaviors of HCC and that co-transfection with miR624-3p inhibitor restored this change.Overexpression of WEE1 abolished the inhibitory effect of miR624-3p mimic on HCC cells.Mechanistically,circZFR acted as a competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)to regulate WEE1 expression by targeting miR-624-3p.Furthermore,in vivo studies have illustrated that circZFR knockdown inhibited tumor growth.Conclusions:circZFR knockdown reduced HCC cell proliferation,migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis by regulating the miR-624-3p/WEE1 axis,suggesting that the circZFR/miR-624-3p/WEE1 axis might be a potential target for HCC treatment.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma circZFR miR-624-3p WEE1 Liver cancer

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