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The heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages and strategies to target it

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BIOCELL 2024年第3期48卷 363-378页

作者： hao lv BO ZHU DEGAO CHEN Institute of Cancer Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400037China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400037China

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are emerging as targets for tumor therapy because of their primary role in promoting tumor progression.Several studies have been conducted to target TAMs by reducing their infiltration,depleting their numbers,and reversing their phenotypes to suppress tumor progression,leading to the development of drugs in preclinical and clinical trials.However,the heterogeneous characteristics of TAMs,including their ontogenetic and functional heterogeneity,limit their targeting.Therefore,in-depth exploration of the heterogeneity of TAMs,combined with immune checkpoint therapy or other therapeutic modalities could improve the efficiency of tumor treatment.This review focuses on the heterogeneous ontogeny and function of TAMs,as well as the current development of tumor therapies targeting TAMs and combination strategies.

关键词： Tumor-associated macrophages Tissue-resident macrophages Heterogeneity Immune checkpoint therapy

Recent advancements in thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1687-1708页

作者： hao lv Jun Tan Qian Yuan Fanglei Wang Yunxuan Zhou Quan Dong Aitao Tang Jürgen Eckert Bin Jiang Fusheng Pan National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing University Department of Materials Science Montanuniversit?t Leoben Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science Austrian Academy of Sciences

As highly integrated circuits continue to advance, accompanied by a growing demand for energy efficiency and weight reduction, materials are confronted with mounting challenges pertaining to thermal conductivity and lightweight properties. By virtue of numerous intrinsic mechanisms, as a result, the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the Mg alloys are often inversely related, which becomes a bottleneck limiting the application of Mg alloys. Based on several effective modification methods to improve the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys, this paper describes the law of how they affect the mechanical properties, and clearly indicates that peak aging treatment is one of the best ways to simultaneously enhance an alloy's thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. As the most frequently used Mg alloy,cast alloys exhibit substantial potential for achieving high thermal conductivity. Moreover, recent reports indicate that hot deformation can significantly improve the mechanical properties while maintaining, and potentially slightly enhancing, the alloy's thermal conductivity. This presents a meaningful way to develop Mg alloys for applications in the field of small-volume heat dissipation components that require high strength. This comprehensive review begins by outlining standard testing and prediction methods, followed by the theoretical models used to predict thermal conductivity, and then explores the primary influencing factors affecting thermal conductivity. The review summarizes the current development status of Mg alloys, focusing on the quest for alloys that offer both high thermal conductivity and high strength. It concludes by providing insights into forthcoming prospects and challenges within this field.

关键词： Mg alloy Thermal conductivity Mechanical properties Solute atom Second phase

Widespread and active piezotolerant microorganisms mediate phenolic compound degradation under high hydrostatic pressure in hadal trenches

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 331-348页

作者： hao Ling Yongxin lv Yu Zhang Ning‑Yi Zhou Ying Xu State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key of Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Phenolic compounds,as well as other aromatic compounds,have been reported to be abundant in hadal trenches.Although high-throughput sequencing studies have hinted at the potential of hadal microbes to degrade these compounds,direct microbiological,genetic and biochemical evidence under in situ pressures remain absent.Here,a microbial consortium and a pure culture of Pseudomonas,newly isolated from Mariana Trench sediments,efficiently degraded phenol under pressures up to 70 and 60 MPa,respectively,with concomitant increase in biomass.By analyzing a high-pressure(70 MPa)culture metatranscriptome,not only was the entire range of metabolic processes under high pressure generated,but also genes encod-ing complete phenol degradation via ortho-and meta-cleavage pathways were revealed.The isolate of Pseudomonas also contained genes encoding the complete degradation pathway.Six transcribed genes(dmpKLMNOP_(sed))were functionally identified to encode a multicomponent hydroxylase catalyzing the hydroxylation of phenol and its methylated derivatives by heterogeneous expression.In addition,key catabolic genes identified in the metatranscriptome of the high-pressure cultures and genomes of bacterial isolates were found to be all widely distributed in 22 published hadal microbial metagenomes.At microbiological,genetic,bioinformatics,and biochemical levels,this study found that microorganisms widely found in hadal trenches were able to effectively drive phenolic compound degradation under high hydrostatic pressures.This information will bridge a knowledge gap concerning the microbial aromatics degradation within hadal trenches.

关键词： Hadal trench High hydrostatic pressure Phenolic compounds degradation Piezotolerant microorganisms Widespread distribution

PHLDA2 reshapes the immune microenvironment and induces drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Oncology Research 2024年第6期32卷 1063-1078页

作者： KUN FENG hao PENG QINGPENG lv YEWEI ZHANG Hepatopancreatobiliary Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210000China Medical School Southeast UniversityNanjing210000China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy known for its unfavorable prognosis.The dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment(TME)can affect the sensitivity to immunotherapy or chemotherapy,leading to treatment failure.The elucidation of PHLDA2’s involvement in HCC is imperative,and the clinical value of PHLDA2 is also underestimated.Here,bioinformatics analysis was performed in multiple cohorts to explore the phenotype and mechanism through which PHLDA2 may affect the progression of HCC.Then,the expression and function of PHLDA2 were examined via the qRT-PCR,Western Blot,and MTT assays.Our findings indicate a substantial upregulation of PHLDA2 in HCC,correlated with a poorer prognosis.The methylation levels of PHLDA2 were found to be lower in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues.Besides,noteworthy associations were observed between PHLDA2 expression and immune infiltration in HCC.In addition,PHLDA2 upregulation is closely associated with stemness features and immunotherapy or chemotherapy resistance in HCC.In vitro experiments showed that sorafenib or cisplatin significantly up-regulated PHLDA2 mRNA levels,and PHLDA2 knockdown markedly decreased the sensitivity of HCC cells to chemotherapy drugs.Meanwhile,we found that TGF-βinduced the expression of PHLDA2 in vitro.The GSEA and in vitro experiment indicated that PHLDA2 may promote the HCC progression via activating the AKT signaling pathway.Our study revealed the novel role of PHLDA2 as an independent prognostic factor,which plays an essential role in TME remodeling and treatment resistance in HCC.

关键词： HCC Immune infiltration Drug resistance TME PHLDA2

Bifurcation analysis of a diffusive predator-prey model with hyperbolic mortality and prey-taxis

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第1期17卷 251-264页

作者： Yan Li Zhiyi lv Fengrong Zhang Hui hao College of Science China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580P.R.China

In this paper,we study a diffusive predator-prey model with hyperbolic mortality and prey-taxis under homogeneous Neumann boundary condition.We first analyze the influence of prey-taxis on the local stability of constant equilibria.It turns out that prey-taxis has influence on the stability of the unique positive constant equilibrium,but has no influence on the stability of the trivial equilibrium and the semi-trivial equilibrium.We then derive Hopf bifurcation and steady state bifurcation related to prey-taxis,which imply that the prey-taxis plays an important role in the dynamics.

关键词： Predator-prey model prey-taxis Hopf bifurcation steady state bifurcation

Effect of different bottom blowing elements on stirring characteristics of molten bath in converter

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 368-376页

作者： Ming lv Shuang-ping Chen Hong-min Guo Yi-jie hao Xiang-dong Xing School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Longmen Steel Company Hancheng715405ShaanxiChina

The bottom blowing element is the key equipment to ensure the bottom blowing effect of the converter.Three types of bottom blowing elements,dispersive type(D1),double circular seam(D2)and straight cylinder type(D3),were built,and the effects of bottom blowing element type on molten bath flow,wall erosion and furnace bottom erosion were simulated.It was found that when the bottom blowing elements of dispersive type(D1)and double circular seam(D2)were used,the dead zone area in the lower part of the molten bath was smaller,and the high-speed zone area was larger;therefore,the stirring effect on the bottom melt was better.When the straight cylinder type(D3)bottom blowing element was used,the gas penetrated the molten bath at a faster rate to reach the surface of molten bath and failed to disperse in the bottom molten bath,and the wall shear stress near the nozzle outlet was larger.When argon was blown by three different bottom blowing elements,the area of the wall shear stress greater than 3 Pa was 4.8,5.6 and 8.7 cm2,respectively,within 0.2 m of the bottom blowing nozzle outlet.

关键词： Converter steelmaking Bottom blowing element Molten bath stirring Wall erosion

Effect of Heat Treatment on Gradient Microstructure and Tensile Property of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated 15-5 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 181-195页

作者： Sheng Cao Hongyu Liu Jin Jiang Ke He Binghua lv hao Zhang Lujie Zhang Jingrong Meng hao Deng Xiaodong Niu Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringShantou UniversityShantou515063China China State Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Ltd.Guangzhou510715China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100080China Shantou Ruixiang Mould Co. Ltd.Shantou515041China Military Representative Office X of Unit 93147 Deyang618000China China National Erzhong Group Co. Deyang Wanhang Die Forging Co.Ltd.Deyang618013China

This work investigated the gradient microstructure evolution and tensile property of LPBF fabricated 15-5 precipitation hardening stainless steel in post-process direct ageing(DA)and solution treating&ageing(STA).The varied microstructures for austenite and small-sized oxide inclusions at different sample heights in the as-built(AB)condition was generally preserved after DA treatment.However,austenite was almost disappeared,and oxide particle grew significantly after the STA treatment.As a result,the tensile property differences in sample top and bottom for AB and DA conditions did not occur in the STA samples.For the influence of post-process heat treatment,the STA condition had the highest yield strength due to the highest volume fraction of nano-sized Cu precipitates.However,the DA specimen had the highest ultimate tensile strength and elongation owing to the considerable amount of austenite phase and associated transformation induced plasticity effect.

关键词： 15-5 PH stainless steel Laser powder bed fusion Heat treatment Gradient microstructures Tensile properties

Pt/Mo chalcogenide composite deriving from Pt-Mo_(6)S_8 by high temperature shock for enhanced HER performance

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 497-501页

作者： Meng Liu Guocheng lv hao Liu Tianming Liu Lingchang Kong Libing Liao Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid WastesNational Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Science China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Highly efficient catalysts for electrolysis of water are crucial to the development of hydrogen energy which is helpful to carbon neutralization.Recently,high temperature shock(HTS),with advantage of rapid speed,universality and scalable production,has been a promising method in synthesis of nanomaterials.In this paper,HST was used to treat low Pt loading Mo_(6)S_(8)for enhanced water splitting performance.Impressively,the optimized MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/Mo_(6)S_(8)nano-composite with low Pt mass loading(~4%)displays well hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrochemical performance.The overpotential is 124 mV to reach 10 mA/cm^(2)and the corresponding Tafel slope is 88 mV/dec in acidic electrolyte.Its mass activity is 6.2 mA/μg_(Pt)at-124 mV vs.RHE,which is almost 2 times relative to 20%Pt/C.Moreover,it presents distinguished stability even after 2000 cycles.This work will broaden the way of catalysts preparation and the application of hydrogen evolution.

关键词： HTS Low Pt loading Mo_(6)S_8 MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/Mo_(6)S_8 composite HER

Current Status and Perspectives of Dual-Atom Catalysts Towards Sustainable Energy Utilization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 402-440页

作者： Yizhe Li Yajie Li hao Sun Liyao Gao Xiangrong Jin Yaping Li Zhi lv Lijun Xu Wen Liu Xiaoming Sun State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China Xinjiang Coal Mine Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology Research Center Xinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionPeople’s Republic of China

The exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the imple-mentation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage,which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective,high-performance electro-catalysts.Currently,heterogeneous atomically dispersed catalysts are considered as potential candidates for a wide range of applications.Compared to conventional cata-lysts,atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon-based catalysts have more unsatu-rated coordination sites,quantum size effect,and strong metal-support interactions,resulting in exceptional catalytic activity.Of these,dual-atomic catalysts(DACs)have attracted extensive attention due to the additional synergistic effect between two adja-cent metal atoms.DACs have the advantages of full active site exposure,high selectiv-ity,theoretical 100%atom utilization,and the ability to break the scaling relationship of adsorption free energy on active sites.In this review,we summarize recent research advancement of DACs,which includes(1)the comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomic pairs;(2)the synthesis of DACs;(3)characterization meth-ods,especially aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron spectroscopy;and(4)electrochemical energy-related applications.The last part focuses on great potential for the electrochemical catalysis of energy-related small molecules,such as oxygen reduction reaction,CO_(2) reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and N_(2) reduction reaction.The future research challenges and opportunities are also raised in prospective section.

关键词： Dual-atom catalysts Synergetic effect Electrocatalysis Oxygen reduction reaction CO_(2)reduction reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction N2 reduction reaction