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m^(6)A modification of plant virus enables host recognition by NMD factors in plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 161-174页

作者： hao he Linhao Ge Yalin Chen Siwen Zhao Zhaolei Li Xueping Zhou Fangfang Li State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most abundant eukaryotic mRNA modification and is involved in various biological processes.Increasing evidence has implicated that m^(6)Amodification is an important anti-viral defense mechanism in mammals and plants,but it is largely unknown how m^(6)Aregulates viral infection in plants.here we report the dynamic changes and functional anatomy of m^(6)Ain Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum during Pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)infection.m^(6)Amodification in the PepMV RNA genome is conserved in these two species.Overexpression of the m^(6)Awriters,mRNA adenosine methylase A(MTA),and HAKAI inhibit the PepMV RNA accumulation accompanied by increased viral m^(6)Amodifications,whereas deficiency of these writers decreases the viral RNA m^(6)Alevels but enhances virus infection.Further study reveals that the cytoplasmic YTH-domain family protein NbECT2A/2B/2C as m^(6)Areaders are involved in anti-viral immunity.Protein-protein interactions indicate that NbECT2A/2B/2C interact with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay(NMD)-related proteins,including NbUPF3 and NbSMG7,but not with NbUPF1.m^(6)Amodification-mediated restriction to PepMV infection is dependent on NMD-related factors.These findings provide new insights into the functionality of m^(6)Aanti-viral activity and reveal a distinct immune response that NMD factors recognize the m^(6)Areaders-viral m^(6)ARNA complex for viral RNA degradation to limit virus infection in plants.

关键词： m^(6)A Pepino mosaic virus plant defense m^(6)A readers NMD factors

Causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia:A twosample,bidirectional,Mendelian randomization study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2780-2788页

作者： Zhao-Lin Ren Hai-Hong Zhou Chu-Pei Chen hao he Duo-Lao Wang Zhou Liu Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Medicine Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool L693BXUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota represent a significant environmental risk factor for various forms of dementia,including Alzheimer's dementia,vascular dementia,and dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere.However,the exact causal relationships between gut microbiota and the different forms of dementia or their subtypes remain unclear.AIM To investigate putative causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia or its subtypes using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS A bidirectional,two-sample,MR analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available gut microbiota-related genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary data from the MiBioGen consortium alongside GWAS summary statistics for dementia and its subtypes from the FinnGen consortium.Instrumental variables were selected according to the fundamental tenets of MR and their strengths were evaluated using the F-statistic.Five MR methods were employed,and the robustness of our findings was validated.To account for multiple comparisons,we applied the Bonferroni method for P-value adjustment.RESULTS We identified several gut microbiota taxa exhibiting putative causal relationships with dementia or its subtypes,potentially serving as risk or protective factors for the disease.In addition,reverse MR analysis indicated that the relative abundance of several gut microbiota taxa might be influenced by dementia or its subtypes.An exhaustive sensitivity analysis confirmed the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.After applying correction for multiple testing,we observed that the order Bacillales(odds ratio:0.830,95%confidence interval:0.740-0.932,P=0.00155,Padjust=0.0311)exhibited a strong association with Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia.CONCLUSION The results suggest that gut microbiota is causally associated with dementia.Our findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of dementia and have important implications for its treatment and prevention.

关键词： Mendelian randomization FinnGen MiBioGen Gut microbiota Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Vascular dementia

Toxicity mechanisms of photodegraded polyvinyl chloride nanoplastics on pea seedlings

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 111-124页

作者： hao Wu Beibei he Bocheng Chen An Liu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Nanoplasctics(NPs),which are very small in particle size,exert toxic effect to organisms.Additionally,compared to original NPs,photodegraded NPs would pose higher toxicity.This is because their relatively higher specific surface areas and the presence of additives which can more easily leach.How original NPs and aged NPs affect plant growth has not been widely investigated.This work chose polyvinyl chloride NPs(PVC-NPs)that were subjected to up to 1000 h UV light radiation to explore the impact of PVC-NPs on the growth of pea seedlings(Pisum Sativum L.).The results indicated the existence of PVC-NPs with longer UV light radiation time and higher concentrations had more negative influences on pea seedlings’growth such as germination rate(decreased by 10.6%–22.5%),stem length(decreased by 2.8%–8.1%),dry weight(decreased by 6.3%–7.1%)and fresh weight(decreased by 6.7%–14.8%).It was also noted that photodegraded PVC-NPs resulted in damage to leaf stomata and roots,hindering photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients and hence the decrease in chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents.According to transcriptomic investigation results,the presence of aged PVC-NPs primarily influenced protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum(upregulated metabolic pathway)and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(downregulated metabolic pathway)of pea seedlings.These results provide an in-depth understanding of how NPs influence the growth of plants.

关键词： Nanoplasctics Polyvinyl chloride Toxicity mechanisms Plant growth

Circulating RNA ZFR promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process through miR-624-3p/WEE1 axis

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hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 52-63页

作者： Li Zhang Sai he hao Guan Yao Zhao Di Zhang Department of General Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004China Department of Breast Cancer Shaanxi Provincial Cancer HospitalXi’an 710000China

Background:hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the most common type of primary liver cancer,is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Previous evidence shows that the expression of circulating RNA ZFR(circZFR)is upregulated in HCC tissues.However,the molecular mechanism of circZFR in HCC is unclear.Methods:Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was employed to detect the expression of circZFR,microRNA-624-3p(miR-624-3p)and WEE1 in HCC tissues and cells.RNase R assay and actinomycin D treatment assay were used to analyze the characteristics of circZFR.For functional analysis,the capacities of colony formation,cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,migration and invasion were assessed by colony formation assay,5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine(EdU)assay,flow cytometry assay and transwell assay.Western blot was used to examine the protein levels of WEE1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related proteins.The interactions between miR-624-3p and circZFR or WEE1 were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay.Xenograft models were established to determine the role of circZFR in vivo.Results:circZFR and WEE1 were upregulated,while miR-624-3p expression was reduced in HCC tissues and cells.circZFR could sponge miR-624-3p,and WEE1 was a downstream gene of miR-624-3p.Knockdown of circZFR significantly reduced the malignant behaviors of HCC and that co-transfection with miR624-3p inhibitor restored this change.Overexpression of WEE1 abolished the inhibitory effect of miR624-3p mimic on HCC cells.Mechanistically,circZFR acted as a competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)to regulate WEE1 expression by targeting miR-624-3p.Furthermore,in vivo studies have illustrated that circZFR knockdown inhibited tumor growth.Conclusions:circZFR knockdown reduced HCC cell proliferation,migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis by regulating the miR-624-3p/WEE1 axis,suggesting that the circZFR/miR-624-3p/WEE1 axis might be a potential target for HCC treatment.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma circZFR miR-624-3p WEE1 Liver cancer

Prognostic analysis of related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and establishment of a nomogram model

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1268-1280页

作者： Xu-Xu he Bang Du Tao Wu hao Shen Department of Surgery Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital(Qingpu Branch)Shanghai 201700China Department of Surgery Anhui Provincial Red Cross Society HospitalHefei 230031Anhui ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610044Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention in recent years.However,the adverse reactions of immunotherapy and its relationship with patient prognosis still need further study.In order to determine the association between adverse reaction factors and prognosis,the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic prognostic analysis.By comprehensively evaluating the clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated by immunotherapy,a nomogram model will be established to predict the survival status of patients more accurately.AIM To explore the characteristics and predictors of immune-related adverse reactions(irAEs)in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy with programmed death protein-1(PD-1)inhibitors and to analyze the correlation between irAEs and patient prognosis.METHODS A total of 140 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors in our hospital from June 2021 to October 2023 were selected.Patients were divided into the irAEs group and the non-irAEs group according to whether or not irAEs occurred.Clinical features,manifestations,and prognosis of irAEs in the two groups were collected and analyzed.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of irAEs,and the prediction model of irAEs was established.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of different indicators to predict irAEs.A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the correlation between irAEs and prognosis.The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients.RESULTS A total of 132 patients were followed up,of whom 63(47.7%)developed irAEs.We looked at the two groups’clinical features and found that the two groups were statistically different in age≥65 years,Ki-67 index,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,and regulatory T cell(Treg)count(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression an

关键词： Advanced gastric cancer Prognostic analysis Immunotherapy Nomogram model

Novel Method for Evaluating the Aging of Aviation Turbine Engine Oils via High-Temperature Bearing Deposit Tests

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2024年第1期26卷 67-77页

作者： hao Lichun Yang he Song Haiqing Zhou Yunfan he Jingjian Liang Yuxiang SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co. Ltd.Beijing 100083

Aviation turbine engine oils require excellent thermal-oxidative stability because of their high-temperature environments.High-temperature bearing deposit testing is a mandatory method for measuring the thermal-oxidative performance of aviation lubricant oils,and the relevant apparatus was improved in the present study.Two different commercial aviation turbine engine oils were tested,one with standard performance(known as the SL oil)and the other with high thermal stability,and their thermal-oxidative stability characteristics were evaluated.After 100 h of high-temperature bearing testing,the SL oil was analyzed by using various analytical techniques to investigate its thermal-oxidative process in the bearing test,with its thermal-oxidative degradation mechanism also being discussed.The results indicate that the developed high-temperature bearing apparatus easily meets the test requirements of method 3410.1 in standard FED-STD-791D.The viscosity and total acid number(TAN)of the SL oil increased with the bearing test time,and various deposits were produced in the bearing test,with the micro-particles of the carbon deposits being sphere-like,rod-like,and sheet-like in appearance.The antioxidant additives in the oil were consumed very rapidly in the first 30 h of the bearing test,with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine being consumed faster than dioctyldiphenylamine.Overall,the oil thermal-oxidative process involves very complex physical and chemical mechanisms.

关键词： aviation turbine engine oil high-temperature bearing deposit test thermal-oxidative degradation antioxidant additives

heat distribution model under hydrogen-rich low-carbon conditions in blast furnace

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 584-594页

作者： Gang Wang Jun Xu Kun he Zhong-ping Zou hao Bai School of Metallurgy and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China CISDI Low-Carbon Blast Furnace Research Office MCC Low-Carbon Technology Research InstituteChongqing 401122China

Low carbon development of blast furnaces is one of the key technological directions in the current development of ironmaking.Owing to the differences in the physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and carbon,hydrogen-rich media entering a blast furnace will change the heat distribution,thus affecting the stability of production.Accordingly,a heat distribution model was proposed to study the temperature distribution in a blast furnace,simultaneously considering gas-solid heat exchange,slag and iron melting,and chemical reactions.The model was used to analyze the temperature distribution of a 2300 m^(3) blast furnace and was verified via comparison with actual production data.Subsequently,the effects of the injection rate of hydrogen-rich media,H2 concentration,and oxygen enrichment rate of the blast on the temperature distribution were investigated.Results indicated that the increase in the injection rate of the hydrogen-rich media decreased the amount of direct reduction and led to an increase in the furnace temperature.Furthermore,an increase in the oxygen enrichment rate led to a decrease in the furnace temperature,but could reduce the solid fuel ratio,while the change in H2 concentration had less effect on the temperature distribution.The combination of hydrogen-rich media injection and the increase in the oxygen enrichment rate would help to adjust the temperature distribution to the same level as the conventional blast furnace conditions.

关键词： heat distribution Blast furnace Low-carbon condition Hydrogen enrichment Calculation model

Activity promotion of Rh_(1)Ca_(x)/Al_(2)O_(3) single-atom catalyst in 1-octene hydroformylation:a volcano curve exists between Ca adding ratio and catalytic activity

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1187-1192页

作者： hao Zhang Xingcong Zhang Xilun Wang Qingdi Sun hao Liu Hongbing Ji Xiaohui he Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education Fine Chemical Industry Research InstituteSchool of ChemistryIGCMESun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Huizhou Research Institute Sun Yat-sen UniversityHuizhou 516081China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology Institute of Green Petroleum Processing and Light Hydrocarbon ConversionCollege of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are considered the best candidates for olefin hydroformylation due to their combined advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.Unlike conventional organo-phosphine modification,Rh SAC is modified by introducing Ca,resulting in a significant increase in activity(maximum~5.7-fold)and stability.Furthermore,a volcano curve between Ca addition ratio and catalytic activity is found.Introducing Ca significantly increases activity by decreasing the energy barrier,but excessive Ca decreases activity due to hindering substrate adsorption and reaction.

关键词： hydroformylation bimetallic single-atom catalysts rhodium heterogeneous catalyst

Molecular dynamics study of hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of ferrite–pearlite gas transmission pipeline steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 488-500页

作者： Tao-long Xu Si-han Guo Gong-zhen he hao-yu Han Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Sichuan East Gas Transmission Sales Center of Sinopec Natural Gas Branch Wuhan430074HubeiChina

Hydrogen embrittlement of pipelines depends on the hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of the pipeline steel microstructure.Based on molecular dynamics analysis,the ferrite–cementite(α-Fe/Fe3C)lamellar atomic structure with the Bagaryatskii orientation relationship was established,and stepwise relaxation of the conjugate gradient energy minimization and constant-temperature and constant-pressure relaxation were performed under NPT(the isothermal–isobaric)conditions.The mechanical property curves of theα-Fe/Fe3C models were obtained under different cementite terminal plane structures,and the evolution of the atomic structure was analyzed in detail.In addition,the influence of different hydrogen concentrations,different temperatures,different strain rates,changes in voids,and different micro-degrees of freedom on the deformation and failure mechanism of the model was investigated,aiming to provide a reliable way to explore the micro-mechanism of macro-cracking behavior of pipeline steel.

关键词： Ferrite-cementite lamellar structure Pipeline steel Failure mechanism Crack propagation Molecular dynamics