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The proton radius:from a puzzle to precision

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Science Bulletin 2020年第4期65卷 257-258页

作者： hans-werner hammer Ulf-GMeiBner Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universitat Darmstadt64289 DarmstadtGermany ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH64291 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics Universitat BonnD-53115 BonnGermany Institute for Advanced Simulation and Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum JülichD-52425 JülichGermany Tbilisi State University 0186 TbilisiGeorgia

The proton charge radius rP is a fundamental quantity in particle physics,as it challenges our understanding of the so successful Standard Model in the non-perturbative regime of the strong interactions.It is defined by the slope of the proton charge form factor GE p etT at zero momentum transfer,with t the invariant four-momentum transfer squared.The proton charge radius was first indirectly measured in the Nobel prize winning electron scattering experiments by Hofstadter et al.[1,2],who fitted the form factor data with a dipole form and extracted the radius from the slope of the dipole.

关键词： DISPERSION-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS FORM-FACTORS NUCLEON SCATTERING HYDROGEN SIZE

Evaluation of adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence-based system in rooms occupied by patients with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus

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Infectious Medicine 2022年第3期1卷 217-220页

作者： Anna Montgomery Kimberly hammer Dubert Guerrero Tze Shien Lo Department of Research San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Medicine University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA Department of Infection Prevention Fargo VA Healthcare SystemFargoNDUSA Department of Infection Prevention Sanford HealthFargoNDUSA

Background:Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-based monitoring systems can detect the amount of organic matter that remains on hospital surfaces after cleaning.We evaluated an ATP-based monitoring system in assessing con-tamination of high touched objects in rooms occupied by patients on methicillin resistant S.aureus precautions.Methods:We compared the ATP to standard aerobic cultures as well as to gloved hand culture to predict risk of healthcare-worker hand contamination.Results:More than a third of high touch object surfaces were measured unclean with ATP yet only reflects about 5%chance of contaminating healthcare-workers’hands.Conclusions:Our study emphasizes the shortcomings of using the ATP system even in pathogen specific environ-ment such as surfaces in methicillin resistant S.aureus rooms.

关键词： Environment Healthcare-associated infections Hand hygiene Infection prevention Infection control MRS

Evidence-based literature review:De-duplication a cornerstone for quality

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第5期13卷 390-398页

作者： Barbara hammer Elettra Virgili Federico Bilotta Librarian at Medical Library University of BergenBergen 5020Norway Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineUniversity of Rome“La Sapienza”Rome 00166Italy

Evidence-based literature reviews play a vital role in contemporary research,facilitating the synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources to inform decisionmaking and scientific advancements.Within this framework,de-duplication emerges as a part of the process for ensuring the integrity and reliability of evidence extraction.This opinion review delves into the evolution of de-duplication,highlights its importance in evidence synthesis,explores various de-duplication methods,discusses evolving technologies,and proposes best practices.By addressing ethical considerations this paper emphasizes the significance of deduplication as a cornerstone for quality in evidence-based literature reviews.

关键词： Duplicate publications as topic Databases Bibliographic Artificial intelligence Systematic reviews as topic Review literature as topic De-duplication Duplicate references Reference management software

Applications of cutting-edge artificial intelligence technologies in biomedical literature and document mining

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Medical Review

Medical Review 2023年第3期3卷 200-204页

作者： Fei He Kai Liu Zhiyuan Yang Mark Hannink Richard D.hammer Mihail Popescu Dong Xu School of Information Science and Technology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Electrical Engineer and Computer Science Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaUSA Department of Biochemistry Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaUSA Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaUSA Department of Health Management and Informatics University of MissouriColumbiaUSA Department of Electrical Engineer and Computer Science Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbia65211MOUSA

The biomedical literature is a vast and invaluable resource for biomedical research.Integrating knowledge from the literature with biomedical data can help biological studies and the clinical decision-making process.Efforts have been made to gather information from the biomedical literature and create biomedical knowledge bases,such as KEGG and Reactome.However,manual curation remains the primary method to retrieve accurate biomedical entities and relationships.Manual curation becomes increasingly challenging and costly as the volume of biomedical publications quickly grows.Fortunately,recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies offer the potential to automate the process of curating,updating,and integrating knowledge from the literature.Herein,we highlight the AI capabilities to aid in mining knowledge and building the knowledge base from the biomedical literature.

关键词： artificial intelligence technologies biomedical literature mining pathway figure mining text mining

Explosion dynamics of thin flat foils at high current density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第5期7卷 39-46页

作者： T.A.Shelkovenko I.N.Tilikin S.A.Pikuz A.R.Mingaleev V.M.Romanova L.Atoyan D.A.hammer P.N.Lebedev Institute RASMoscow 119991Russia Cornell University IthacaNew York 14853USA

This paper presents characteristic features of the explosion of thin flat foils for currents and pulse risetimes ranging from 8 kA at 350 ns to1000 kA at ∼100 ns. Foils made of aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium with thicknesses of 1–100 μm are tested. Various diagnostics inthe optical, UV, and x-ray spectral ranges are used to image the exploding foils from initial breakdown to complete destruction or pinching.It is shown that foil explosion is a complex process that depends on many factors, but features common to all foils are found that do notdepend on the parameters of the generators or, accordingly, on the energy deposited in the foil: for example, the breakdown of flat foils underdifferent conditions occurs at the edges of the foil. For the first time, the formation of a precursor over the central part of the foil is shown,which significantly changes the dynamics of the foil explosion.

关键词： foils dynamics nickel

White,everything white?Josef Frank’s Villa Beer(1930)in Vienna,and its materiality in the context of the discourse on‘white cubes’

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Built Heritage 2020年第2期4卷 40-55页

作者： Ivo B.hammer HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Art HildesheimGermany

In 2017 a group of conservators-restorers conducted a conservation-science study of the materials used in the construction of Josef Frank’s main work,the Villa Beer(1930)in Vienna-Hietzing,and of the building’s surfaces.The study was an opportunity to find evidence indicating whether the contemporary description of the wall colour as a non-colour white corresponded to physical reality.The notion‘Weiss,alles Weiss’(‘white,everything white’),celebrated as‘an expression of values and of the times’(Hammann,1930),will be identified as a cultural construct that stands in contradiction to the actual materiality of the buildings of the period.We must rewrite the colour history of Modern Movement architecture.The‘White Cubes’were never white.

关键词： Modern movement architecture Josef Frank Villa Beer Materiality White Conservation-restoration Conservation-science study White cubes Le Corbusier

Is there consensus regarding surgical treatment of bone sarcomas?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第9期9卷 173-179页

作者： Thomas Baad-hansen Sarah Stammose Freund Bodil hammer Bech Johnny Keller Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Aarhus University Hospital Department of Public Health Aarhus University

AIM To perform an Internet based survey on the surgical management of bone sarcomas in the lower extremity amongst sarcoma surgeons. METHODS All orthopedic surgical members of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a clinical case involving resection of a malignant bone tumor. Several questions were asked, subdivided into categories. Among these, surgical/technical considerations, e.g., choice of implant; choice of antibiotics, dosage, and duration of treatment, choice of antithrombotic drug, initial start-up, dosage, and duration were included.RESULTS In terms of choice of implant fixation, the majority of surgeons preferred an uncemented prosthesis in younger patients until the age of 50. All participants administer intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for endoprosthetic reconstructive surgery. First choice of antibiotics was cephalosporin. Less common used was glycopeptide, penicillin, or a combination. Duration of prophylactic antibiotics ranged from less than one day to more than four days. All participants used low molecular weight heparins as antithrombotic prophylaxis and 55% of the participants answered that initial treatment was started preoperatively, 3% perioperatively and 42% postoperatively. Duration of the antithrombotic treatment ranged from five days to more than twenty-eight days.CONCLUSION The use of resection prosthesis in the treatment of bone sarcomas is a well-established procedure. However, therse is a significant discrepancy in the surgical treatment algorithm between the sarcoma centers. Still the treatment is mainly based on best clinical practice,due to the lack of evidence-based medicine in the surgical management of bone sarcomas.

关键词： Sarcoma Reconstruction Megaprosthesis Antibiotics Antithrombotic prophylaxis

Effect of glaucoma on identification of bottle cap color in ophthalmic medications

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 169-171页

作者： Jonathan Paul Jon David hammer Roozbeh Akhtari Brede Skillings Daniel B.Moore Department of Ophthalmology University of Kentucky Northwell Health Department of Ophthalmology Krieger Eye Institute

A prospective, nonrandomized, observational trial of 60 glaucoma patients to correlate visual acuity and visual field with ability to distinguish bottle cap color of commonly used ophthalmic medications was conducted. A total of 103 eyes from 60 patients(30 women) were evaluated. The mean logMAR acuity was 0.34±0.54(approximately 20/45 Snellen acuity), average Humphrey Visual Field(HVF) mean deviation was-8.58±8.69 dB, mean Ishihara plates(out of 14) were 11.78±4.15, and bottle cap color score(out of 10) was 8.56±2.51. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an independent correlation of visual acuity(P=0.0137) and Ishihara score(P0.05). Glaucoma patients with poor visual acuity, but not necessarily advanced visual field loss, are likely to have difficultly identifying the color of their bottle caps. Physicians should be cognizant of this potential issue when reviewing medications with patients.

关键词： glaucoma color vision compliance medication patient communication