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Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional Hospital in Cameroon’s Far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma Haoua Abouame Selangai Hélène Kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Fernando Kemta Lepka Daniel Nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou Haman Soureya Yolande Feudjo ulrich Dama Félicitée Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional Hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of Lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the Far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional Hospital, the third level referral Hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional Hospital. The sample size was obtained from the Lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). HIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the Far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Far North Cameroon

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Impact of a Mass Campaign on the Evolution of the Fourth Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Central African Republic

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第3期12卷 142-150页

作者： Clotaire Donatien Rafaï Pierre Somse Wilfrid Sylvain Nambei Ernest Lango-Yaya Marie-Roseline Darnycka Belizaire ulrich Vickos Narcisse Patrice Komas Oscar Senzongo Luc Salva Heredeibona ulrich Jeffrey Kotemossoua Rabbi Mermoz Senekian Simon Pounguinza Jephté Estimé Kaleb Christian-Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde Alain Le Faou Jean De Dieu Longo Norbert Richard Ngbale Abdoulaye Sepou François-Xavier Mbopi-Keou Gérard Grésenguet Boniface Koffi National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Ministry of Health and Population Bangui Central African Republic World Health Organization Bangui Central African Republic Pasteur Institute of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Medicine Midwifery and Health Professions University of Lorraine Nancy France Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroun Community University Hospital Center of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Objective: In the context of increasing cases despite vaccination campaigns, a survey was conducted in the Bangui population from January 17 to 26, 2022, to evaluate the strains of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) circulating in a healthy population. Materials and methods: This study was conducted by taking nasopharyngeal samples from randomly selected volunteers. Antigen detection was performed systematically, and RT-PCR was done on the positive samples. Results and discussion: We collected 2,554 samples. Thirty were found RT-PCR positive (1.2%) and sent for viral genome sequencing. Twenty-eight SARS-Cov-2 strains belonged to the Omicron type, and only 2 to the Delta type. Conclusion: Thus, infections were uncommon in the tested population, but the presence of Omicron and Delta types raises concerns that vaccination may not be effective in fighting the virus, and newly designed vaccines should be implemented to better protect the population at risk of infection and reinfection by these variants.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Variants

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Ecological differences of south polar skua populations from Fildes Peninsula of King George Island and eastern Larsemann Hills, Antarctica

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2004年第2期15卷 98-107页

作者：王自磐 hans-ulrich Peter Second Institute of Oceanography SOA Hangzhou 310012 China Ecology Institute of Jena University Jena D-07743 Germany

A study has been done on the comparison of nesting and feeding behavior, population variances as well as breeding success between two populations of south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) from near Great Wall station on Fildes Peninsula and near Zhongshan station in Eastern Larsemann Hills, Antarctica. There are evident differences in their population ecology. The foraging habit is much related to regional ecosystem and food resources near their territorial area. Dependence on human food waste influences skua's diet,which considerably affects their behavior even population variation in both areas. The skuas in Zhongshan Station,could shorten and/or regulate the timing for their egg laying and hatching, and take precedence of one chick brooding, for keeping their breeding success, and subsequent species continuation.

关键词： south polar skua population ecology Antarctica.

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1970-2020年全球猪肉产量的显著变化

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2024年第2期44卷 15-19页

作者：王晶晶(译) 张配配(审) 张涛(制图表) hans-Wilhelm Windhorst 不详德国韦赫塔大学汉诺威兽医大学

1970-2020年,世界肉类产量增长了2倍多,从1.01亿t增至3.43亿t。牛肉、禽肉和猪肉这三种重要的肉类,产量增长情况大相径庭。本文分析了1970-2020年这50年来各大洲和各国的猪肉生产情况。

关键词：猪肉产量发展动态份额

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辽东湾浅海湿地表层沉积物重金属污染变化及其生态风险：基于2005和2013年度调查数据对比分析

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中国地质 2024年

作者：陈洋洋叶思源丁喜桂谢柳娟周攀裴理鑫袁红明高宗军 Edward A.Laws hans Brix 山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室路易斯安那州立大学海岸和环境学院环境科学系中国地质调查局滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室自然资源部北方滨海盐沼湿地生态地质野外科学观测研究站青岛海洋地质研究所奥胡斯大学生物科学系

【研究目的】查明重金属分布特征及来源，为辽东湾重金属污染历史变化提供新的量化数据和深刻认识，为政府根据经济发展指标变化示踪近海污染演变趋势提供历史案例。【研究方法】通过对2005年及2013年的辽东湾浅海湿地表层沉积物样品中... 详细信息

【研究目的】查明重金属分布特征及来源，为辽东湾重金属污染历史变化提供新的量化数据和深刻认识，为政府根据经济发展指标变化示踪近海污染演变趋势提供历史案例。【研究方法】通过对2005年及2013年的辽东湾浅海湿地表层沉积物样品中7种重金属(As、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg)、有机碳 (Corg) 和粒度进行分析，研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属及Corg的空间分布特征、污染来源和生态风险贡献。【研究结果】结果表明，2005年和2013年各元素的重金属空间分布特征一致，都在小凌河西南端显著富集，且受粒度控制。重金属浓度空间分布整体呈现南部>中部>北部和西部>东部>中部。2005年(2013年)重金属来源于工业、农业和母岩分别占40.68%(29.03%)、36.69%(48.03%)、22.63%(22.94%)。相较于2005年，2013年随着沿岸城市产业结构调整，重金属来源发生显著变化，且地理探测器分析揭示农业生产对重金属总体生态风险 (RI) 增加贡献最高。通过对地质累积指数 (Igeo) 和正交矩阵因子分解法 (PMF) 分析研究发现，相较于2005年，2013年表层沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn元素污染轻微加重，As和Hg元素明显加重，相反Cd元素污染明显减轻。暗示工业排污控制对减少Cd污染起到重要作用，而其他重金属污染主要源于农业生产活动，亦或海上运输对Pb污染也有一定的贡献。【结论】虽然辽东湾附近城市经济增长2-3倍，但是政府注重控制工业废水的处理与排放，使重金属污染增长的较为平缓，但重金属Hg、Cu、Pb和Zn元素的污染仍不能忽略，特别是在粒度较细的泥质沉积物区，重金属As和Hg的生态风险程度较严重。

关键词：重金属污染来源污染变化沉积物粒度 PMF模型地理探测器生态风险评价辽东湾浅海湿地环境地质调查工程

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事实、可能性和世界:来自《逻辑哲学论》的三条教益

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世界哲学 2024年第4期 134-148页

作者： [美]H.斯鲁格邵世恒(译) 美国加州大学伯克利分校哲学系西北大学哲学学院西北大学外国哲学研究中心

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》从第一页开始就一直是个谜,至今依然如此。根据其开篇断言,事实总和构成世界,而事态总和划定逻辑可能性空间。但事实是什么?可能事态是什么?我们为何需要考虑它们的总和?弗雷格和罗素是第一批努力应对这些解... 详细信息

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》从第一页开始就一直是个谜,至今依然如此。根据其开篇断言,事实总和构成世界,而事态总和划定逻辑可能性空间。但事实是什么?可能事态是什么?我们为何需要考虑它们的总和?弗雷格和罗素是第一批努力应对这些解释性问题的人。《逻辑哲学论》日益增多的二手文献表明我们是多么容易沉溺于其诠释学中。然而,更重要的问题是,我们能从维特根斯坦的字里行间取到哪些实质性哲学教益。事实表明,至少有三条教益。第一条是,罗素和《逻辑哲学论》时期的维特根斯坦非常依赖的“事实”概念在哲学上是脆弱的。相反,我们的注意力要转向世界的“事实性”这一更宽泛的概念。第二条是,我们能够、也必须从事实和模态两方面来思考世界,但如此做时,我们必须把可能性的、而非必然性观念作为初始的,同时必须把可能性看作是纯然虚拟的、而非事实的。第三条是,如果我们要理解逻辑、科学和伦理,就必须将世界视为一个整体。

关键词：事实事态可能性逻辑世界

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力-化学偶联信号促进皮肤类器官自组装的机制研究

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医用生物力学 2024年第S1期 281-282页

作者：雷明星蒋璟玮王梦月 hans I Harn Ting-Xin Jiang Randall Widelitz 杨力 Cheng-Ming Chuong 重庆大学生物工程学院美国南加州大学凯克医学院

目的基于皮肤类器官模型探索生物力学-化学信号促进皮肤及毛囊再生的机制,为解决皮肤创伤和脱发问题提供新的思路。方法本研究通过微流控类器官培养模型、细胞延时摄影、单细胞多组学技术、力学环境重编程、分子功能干扰等技术探究了...

目的基于皮肤类器官模型探索生物力学-化学信号促进皮肤及毛囊再生的机制,为解决皮肤创伤和脱发问题提供新的思路。方法本研究通过微流控类器官培养模型、细胞延时摄影、单细胞多组学技术、力学环境重编程、分子功能干扰等技术探究了生物力学-化学信号如何参与皮肤类器官的自组装过程,通过裸鼠移植实验评价了类器官诱导毛发再生的效果。结果通过延时摄影对类器官自组装过程中的细胞行为进行追踪,发现真皮细胞和表皮细胞经历了“聚集-极化-联合-平面化”4个阶段,形成功能性皮肤结构。真皮细胞的收缩力激活了表皮聚集体的Piezo1信号,进而形成极化的细胞形态发生单位,此结构通过局部微环境力学硬度增加激活了Yap1及下游的Wnt/Mmp信号,诱导相邻的CMU结构联合。在缺氧诱导因子Hif1a的驱动下真皮细胞和表皮细胞通过代谢适应完成相位分离,形成功能性平面化皮肤。将完成自组装的类器官移植裸鼠背部后,成功诱导移植部位的毛发再生。结论本研究深入分析了皮肤类器官的自组装过程,揭示了力学-化学信号引起的组织形态相变影响毛囊再生的机制。这一自组装途径为利用解离的皮肤前体细胞提供了一种重塑形态的有效途径,也为未来修复或改造器官提供了可能性。

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Short-and Long-Term Response of Phytoplankton to ENSO in Prydz Bay, Antarctica: Evidences from Field Measurements, Remote Sensing Data and Stratigraphic Biomarker Records

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第3期13卷 437-444页

作者： ZHAO Jun hans-ulrich Peter ZHANG Haisheng HAN Zhengbing HU Chuanyu YU Peisong LU Bing Thomas S.Bianchi Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration (SOA) Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry SOA Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Department of Geological Sciences University of Florida

The study provides one of the first lines of evidence showing linkages between Antarctic phytoplankton abundance and composition in response to ENSO, based on historical reconstruction of sediment biomarkers. In addition to sediment biomarkers, field measured and remote sensing data of phytoplankton abundance were also recorded from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Com-munity structure of field measured phytoplankton showed significant El Ni？o/La Ni？a-related succession during 1990 to 2002. In general, the number of algae species decreased during El Ni？o and La Ni？a years compared to normal years. Austral summer monthly variation of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）, particulate organic carbon （POC）, and sea surface temperature （SST） indicated that ENSO impacted the timing of phytoplankton blooms during 2007 to 2011. Phytoplankton blooms （indicated by Chl-a and POC） preceded the increases in SST during El Ni？o years, and lagged behind the SST increases during La Ni？a years. Stratigraphic record of marine sedimentary lipid （brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones） biomarkers inferred that the proportions of different algae （diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes） changed significantly between El Ni？o and La Ni？a events. The relative proportion of diatoms increased, with that of dinoflagellates being decreased during El Ni？o years, while it was reversed during La Ni？a years.

关键词： phytoplankton ENSO remote sensing biomarker record Prydz Bay

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CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in *** CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer *** cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response ***-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

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Overlap syndromes among autoimmune liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3368-3373页

作者： Christian Rust ulrich Beuers Department of Medicine Ⅱ Klinikum GrosshadernUniversity of MunichMunich 81377Germany Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NL-1100 DEThe Netherlands

The three major immune disorders of the liver are autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Variant forms of these diseases are generally called overlap syndromes,although there has been no standardised *** with overlap syndromes present with both hepatitic and cholestatic serum liver tests and have histological features of AIH and PBC or *** AIH-PBC overlap syndrome is the most common form,affecting almost 10% of adults with AIH or *** cases of AIH and autoimmune cholangitis(AMA-negative PBC) overlap syndrome have also been *** AIH-PSC overlap syndrome is predominantly found in children,adolescents and young adults with AIH or ***,transitions from one autoimmune to another have also been reported in a minority of patients,especially transitions from PBC to AIH-PBC overlap *** syndromes show a progressive course towards liver cirrhosis and liver failure without *** for overlap syndromes is empiric,since controlled trials are not available in these rare *** therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid is usually combined with immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and/or azathioprine in both AIH-PBC and AIH-PSC overlap *** end-stage disease,liver transplantation is the treatment of choice.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Immunosuppressive agents Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Ursodeoxycholic acid

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