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初中生 2024年第15期 24-27页

作者： hans Christian Anderson 文孛(编译) 不详

小枞树原本生活在茂密的森林里,无忧无虑地享受阳光和雨露的呵护。但拥有这一切美好的小枞树并不知足,老想着长得更高更大,总是好奇那些被砍下的树是不是有着与众不同的境遇。最终,它是否愿望成真了呢?

关键词：成真境遇好奇

A Pioneer on His Work: An Interview with hans ulrich Gumbrecht

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第2期6卷 4-9页

作者： hans ulrich Gumbrecht Stanford University

In this interview, hans ulrich Gumprccht visits some of his groundbreaking theoretical contributions, providing an ample archeological gaze towards the emergence of Digital Humanities. The key concepts proposed by Gumbrccht arc discussed as well as the new theoretical framework he developed over the past two decades towards an understating of Humanities not primarily focused on the semantic attribution of meaning.

关键词： Materialities of Communication Production of Presence Non-Hcrmcncutic Field Stimmung

Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test, Boson Biotech SARS CoV-2 Ag, for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Gabon

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 469-477页

作者： Samira Zoa Assoumou ulrich Leger Davy Mouangala Ludovic Mewono Davy-Christ Angoune Ndong Guy Paterne Malonga Mbembo Nely Meungang Alain Moutsinga Elvyre Anita Mbongo Kama Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema Dpartement de Bactriologie-Virologie Universit des Sciences de la Sant Libreville Gabon Laboratoire Professeur Daniel Gahouma Libreville Gabon Departement des Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Ecole Normale Suprieure Libreville Gabon Centre de sant de Glass Libreville Gabon Laboratoire National de Sant Publique Libreville Gabon Dpartement de Biologie et Ecologie Animale Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Libreville Gabon Laboratoire dEcologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT) Universit Libreville Nord (ULN) Libreville Gabon

1) Background: Rapid and acurate diagnostic testing for case identification, quarantine, and contact tracing is essential for managing the COVID 19 pandemic. Rapid antigen detection tests are available, however, it is important to evaluate their performances before use. We tested a rapid antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2, based on the immunochromatography (Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test (Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., China)) and the results were compared with the real time reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Gold standard) results;2) Methods: From November 2021 to December 2021, samples were collected from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals referred for testing in a hospital during the second pandemic wave in Gabon. All these participants attending “CTA Angondjé”, a field hospital set up as part of the management of COVID-19 in Gabon. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected in all the patients, one for Ag test and the other for RT-PCR;3) Results: A total of 300 samples were collected from 189 symptomatic and 111 asymptomatic individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 82.5% [95%CI 73.8 - 89.3] and 97.9 % [95%CI 92.2 - 98.2] respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 84.4% (95% CI: 79.8 - 88.3%). The antigen test was more likely to be positive for samples with RT-PCR Ct values ≤ 32, with a sensitivity of 89.8%;4) Conclusions: The Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test has good sensitivity and can detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among symptomatic individuals with low viral load. This test could be incorporated into efficient testing algorithms as an alternative to PCR to decrease diagnostic delays and curb viral transmission.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Diagnostic Test Evaluation COVID-19 Antigen Performance

Prevalence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Related to the Mills in the Markets of the Municipality of Parakou in 2021

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Fatiou Alabi Bouraïma Cocouvi Bruno Ametonou ulrich Bidossèssi Vodouhe François Avakoudjo Jorelle Wafo Marius Claude Flatin Spéro H. R. Hounkpatin Wassi Adjibabi Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Noise is the second leading cause of hearing loss in adults after presbycusis. The objective of this work was to study hearing loss induced by the noise of mills in the markets of Parakou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from February 3 to June 3, 2021 in the markets of Parakou. It concerned millers and sellers located within a 5 meter radius around the mills and among whom pure-tone audiometry was performed to detect a hearing loss. Subjects with no particular medical health history, under 55 years of age and having been working in these markets since more than 12 months, were included. Results: In this study, 103 subjects were selected, including 43 millers and 61 sellers. Their average age was 29 ± 13 years. The sex ratio was 0.49. The average length of service in the profession was 8 years with the extremes of 3 months and 47 years. They were exposed to noise on average 10 hours per day and 6 days a week. The average duration of weekly noise exposure was 23 h 28 min ± 13 h 32 min with the extremes of 5 h 00 min and 52 h 30 min. The average level of noise exposure was 90 dB with the extremes of 72 and 110 dB. 24 subjects reported symptoms related to noise such as headache, tinnitus, and hearing loss, with respective proportions of 22.33%, 20.39% and 06.80%. The prevalence of noise-related hearing loss was 26.21% (n = 27/103). Subjects with a notch at 4000 Hz and normal Average Hearing Loss (AHL) (20.39%) had a seven-time greater risk of developing noise-induced hearing loss (OR = 6.58;95% CI [2.54 - 18.8], p Conclusion: Hearing loss related to the noise of mills affected both millers and sellers near the mills in markets, hence the importance of regulating mills.

关键词： Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Mills Markets Parakou

Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional Hospital in Cameroon’s Far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma Haoua Abouame Selangai Hélène Kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Fernando Kemta Lepka Daniel Nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou Haman Soureya Yolande Feudjo ulrich Dama Félicitée Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional Hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of Lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the Far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional Hospital, the third level referral Hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional Hospital. The sample size was obtained from the Lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). HIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the Far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Far North Cameroon

辽东湾浅海湿地表层沉积物重金属污染变化及其生态风险：基于2005和2013年度调查数据对比分析

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中国地质 2024年

作者：陈洋洋叶思源丁喜桂谢柳娟周攀裴理鑫袁红明高宗军 Edward A.Laws hans Brix 山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室路易斯安那州立大学海岸和环境学院环境科学系中国地质调查局滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室自然资源部北方滨海盐沼湿地生态地质野外科学观测研究站青岛海洋地质研究所奥胡斯大学生物科学系

【研究目的】查明重金属分布特征及来源，为辽东湾重金属污染历史变化提供新的量化数据和深刻认识，为政府根据经济发展指标变化示踪近海污染演变趋势提供历史案例。【研究方法】通过对2005年及2013年的辽东湾浅海湿地表层沉积物样品中... 详细信息

【研究目的】查明重金属分布特征及来源，为辽东湾重金属污染历史变化提供新的量化数据和深刻认识，为政府根据经济发展指标变化示踪近海污染演变趋势提供历史案例。【研究方法】通过对2005年及2013年的辽东湾浅海湿地表层沉积物样品中7种重金属(As、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg)、有机碳 (Corg) 和粒度进行分析，研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属及Corg的空间分布特征、污染来源和生态风险贡献。【研究结果】结果表明，2005年和2013年各元素的重金属空间分布特征一致，都在小凌河西南端显著富集，且受粒度控制。重金属浓度空间分布整体呈现南部>中部>北部和西部>东部>中部。2005年(2013年)重金属来源于工业、农业和母岩分别占40.68%(29.03%)、36.69%(48.03%)、22.63%(22.94%)。相较于2005年，2013年随着沿岸城市产业结构调整，重金属来源发生显著变化，且地理探测器分析揭示农业生产对重金属总体生态风险 (RI) 增加贡献最高。通过对地质累积指数 (Igeo) 和正交矩阵因子分解法 (PMF) 分析研究发现，相较于2005年，2013年表层沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn元素污染轻微加重，As和Hg元素明显加重，相反Cd元素污染明显减轻。暗示工业排污控制对减少Cd污染起到重要作用，而其他重金属污染主要源于农业生产活动，亦或海上运输对Pb污染也有一定的贡献。【结论】虽然辽东湾附近城市经济增长2-3倍，但是政府注重控制工业废水的处理与排放，使重金属污染增长的较为平缓，但重金属Hg、Cu、Pb和Zn元素的污染仍不能忽略，特别是在粒度较细的泥质沉积物区，重金属As和Hg的生态风险程度较严重。

关键词：重金属污染来源污染变化沉积物粒度 PMF模型地理探测器生态风险评价辽东湾浅海湿地环境地质调查工程

1970-2020年全球猪肉产量的显著变化

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2024年第2期44卷 15-19页

作者：王晶晶(译) 张配配(审) 张涛(制图表) hans-Wilhelm Windhorst 不详德国韦赫塔大学汉诺威兽医大学

1970-2020年,世界肉类产量增长了2倍多,从1.01亿t增至3.43亿t。牛肉、禽肉和猪肉这三种重要的肉类,产量增长情况大相径庭。本文分析了1970-2020年这50年来各大洲和各国的猪肉生产情况。

关键词：猪肉产量发展动态份额

事实、可能性和世界:来自《逻辑哲学论》的三条教益

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世界哲学 2024年第4期 134-148页

作者： [美]H.斯鲁格邵世恒(译) 美国加州大学伯克利分校哲学系西北大学哲学学院西北大学外国哲学研究中心

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》从第一页开始就一直是个谜,至今依然如此。根据其开篇断言,事实总和构成世界,而事态总和划定逻辑可能性空间。但事实是什么?可能事态是什么?我们为何需要考虑它们的总和?弗雷格和罗素是第一批努力应对这些解... 详细信息

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》从第一页开始就一直是个谜,至今依然如此。根据其开篇断言,事实总和构成世界,而事态总和划定逻辑可能性空间。但事实是什么?可能事态是什么?我们为何需要考虑它们的总和?弗雷格和罗素是第一批努力应对这些解释性问题的人。《逻辑哲学论》日益增多的二手文献表明我们是多么容易沉溺于其诠释学中。然而,更重要的问题是,我们能从维特根斯坦的字里行间取到哪些实质性哲学教益。事实表明,至少有三条教益。第一条是,罗素和《逻辑哲学论》时期的维特根斯坦非常依赖的“事实”概念在哲学上是脆弱的。相反,我们的注意力要转向世界的“事实性”这一更宽泛的概念。第二条是,我们能够、也必须从事实和模态两方面来思考世界,但如此做时,我们必须把可能性的、而非必然性观念作为初始的,同时必须把可能性看作是纯然虚拟的、而非事实的。第三条是,如果我们要理解逻辑、科学和伦理,就必须将世界视为一个整体。

关键词：事实事态可能性逻辑世界

CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in *** CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer *** cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response ***-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

Evolution of heart transplant donor characteristics in the 21st century: A United States single center’s experience

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 22-29页

作者： Alexander M Spring Christiana Gjelaj Shivank Madan Snehal R Patel Omar Saeed Sandhya Murthy Yogita Rochlani Daniel B Sims Sasha Vukelic Stephen J Forest Jamil F Borgi Daniel J Goldstein ulrich P Jorde Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467United States Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States

Despite a record setting number of heart transplants performed annually,the national donor shortage continues to plague transplant teams across the United *** we describe the barriers to adaptation of numerous“non-traditional”orthotopic heart transplant donor characteristics including donors with hepatitis C virus,those meeting criteria for donation after cardiac death,donors with coronavirus disease 19 infection,donors with the human immunodeficiency virus,and grafts with left ventricular systolic *** center’s objective was to increase our transplant volume by expanding our donor pool from“traditional”donors to these“non-traditional”*** detail how medical advances such as certain laboratory studies,pharmacologic interventions,and organ care systems have allowed our center to expand the donor pool thereby increasing transplantation volume without adverse effects on outcomes.

关键词： Orthotopic heart transplantation Hepatitis C virus COVID-19 Left ventricular systolic dysfunction Human immunodeficiency virus Donation after cardiac death