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种业创新发展,筑牢全球粮食安全屏障

科技导报 2021年第16期39卷 65-70页

作者：陈温福黄季焜 hans-joachim braun Emmanuel Okogbenin 中国工程院沈阳农业大学水稻研究所国际玉米与小麦改良中心(CYMMIT) 发展中国家科学院北京大学现代农业研究院非洲农业技术基金会(AATF)

2013年,粮食安全的多元维度概念首次被提出,除了量的满足,更要从营养角度评价粮食的安全性。粮食安全的实现有3个阶段:第一阶段是数量保障,第二阶段是质量保障,第三阶段是保障食物的营养与满足消费者的多元化需求。党的十八大以来,以习... 详细信息

2013年,粮食安全的多元维度概念首次被提出,除了量的满足,更要从营养角度评价粮食的安全性。粮食安全的实现有3个阶段:第一阶段是数量保障,第二阶段是质量保障,第三阶段是保障食物的营养与满足消费者的多元化需求。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央把粮食安全作为治国理政的头等大事,提出确保谷物基本自给,确立了以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略,走出了一条中国特色粮食安全之路,为国家长治久安奠定了坚实的物质基础。

关键词：粮食安全多元化需求质量保障党的十八大以来治国理政科技支撑适度进口以我为主

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追忆国际卓越小麦育种家拉贾拉姆

麦类作物学报 2021年第6期41卷 653-657页

作者：邢清清王馨 hans joachim braun Martenvan Ginkel 何中虎北京理工大学国际交流合作处北京100081 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081 国际玉米小麦改良中心墨西哥56100 国际干旱地区农业研究中心黎巴嫩

拉贾拉姆博士从事小麦育种研究50多年,在布劳格博士创立的国际小麦育种的基础上,实现了CIMMYT小麦育种全球化,主要贡献包括四个方面:(1)大规模开展冬春杂交,在产量、抗性和适应性等方面取得了重大进展;(2)将慢锈性理念系统融入小麦育种... 详细信息

拉贾拉姆博士从事小麦育种研究50多年,在布劳格博士创立的国际小麦育种的基础上,实现了CIMMYT小麦育种全球化,主要贡献包括四个方面:(1)大规模开展冬春杂交,在产量、抗性和适应性等方面取得了重大进展;(2)将慢锈性理念系统融入小麦育种项目,成功培育并在全世界推广高产慢病性品种;(3)耐酸性土壤和耐旱育种方面取得了显著进展;(4)先后育成481个高产抗病优质小麦新品种,在51个发展中国家年推广种植6000万hm^(2);他还为发展中国家和CIMMIT、ICARDA等国际组织的人才培养做出了杰出贡献。

关键词：拉贾拉姆小麦育种冬春杂交慢锈性

China-CIMMYT collaboration enhances wheat improvement in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 233-239页

作者： Zhonghu HE Xianchun XIA Yong ZHANG Yan ZHANG Yonggui XIAO Xinmin CHEN Simin LI Yuanfeng HAO Awais RASHEED Zhiyong XIN Qiaosheng ZHUANG Ennian YANG Zheru FAN Jun YAN Ravi SINGH hans-joachim braun Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China CIMMYT China Office Beijing100081China Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu610066China Research Institute of Nuclear and Biotechnology Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi830091China Cotton Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Anyang455000China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal6-64106600MexicoD.F.Mexico

China and CIMMYT have collaborated on wheat improvement for over 40 years and significant progress has been achieved in five aspects in China.A standardized protocol for testing Chinese noodle quality has been established with three selection criteria, i.e.,gluten quality, starch viscosity and flour color are identified as being responsible for noodle *** approaches have been used to develop and validate genespecific markers, leading to the establishment of a KASP platform, and seven cultivars have been released through application of molecular marker *** for breeding adult-plant resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, based on the pleiotropic effect of minor genes has been established, resulting in release of six *** than 330 cultivars derived from CIMMYT germplasm have been released and are now grown over 9% of the Chinese wheat production ***, physiological approaches have been used to characterize yield potential and develop high-efficiency phenotyping *** has also provided valuable training for Chinese *** of climate-resilient cultivars with application of new technology will be the priority for future collaboration.

关键词： adult-plant resistance bread wheat breeding gene-specific marker germplasm exchange processing quality

Effective Approaches to Wheat Improvement in Kazakhstan： Breeding and Conservation Agriculture

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第10期4卷 761-765页

作者： Muratbek Karabayev Alexei Morgounov hans-joachim braun Patrick Wall Kenneth Sayre Yuriy Zelenskiy Rauan Zhapayev Aigul Akhmetova Valentin Dvurechenskii Kulyash Iskandarova Theodor Friedrich Turi Fileccia Maurizio Guadagni International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Mexico D. F. 06600 Mexico KazAgrolnnovation JSC Astana 010000 Kazakhstan National Center for Biotechnology Astana 010000 Kazakhstan The UN Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) Rome 00153 Italy World Bank Agriculture and Rural Development Department (ARD) Washington D.C. 20433 USA

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center （CIMMYT） and Kazakhstan collaborative activities on wheat improvement are focused in the following main areas：（1） wheat germplasm enhancement： Kazakhstan-Siberian Network on Wheat Improvement （KASIB） and Shuttle Breeding ＂Mexico-KASIB＂ Programs; （2） Conservation agriculture （CA） for wheat production and crop diversification. Nineteen breeding programs of Kazakhstan and Russia are united by KASIB Network and Shuttle Breeding. By 2014, more than 15,000 wheat lines and varieties were involved in breeding programs of Kazakhstan and Russia; 10 varieties were developed and released. The KASIB Network and Shuttle Breeding Program were recognized as one of the best example of the effective regional and international cooperation in Kazakhstan and Russia. In the beginning of 2000 CIMMYT, National Agricultural Research System, the Ministry of Agriculture, FAO, World Bank in cooperation with farmers initiated large-scale activities based on CA in Kazakhstan. Due the joint efforts, area under CA-based practices has been increasing from virtually none to an estimated area of 500,000 ha in 2007, 1,200,000 ha in 2008, 2,000,000 ha in 2014 with continued rapid increases in area. Kazakhstan is now included among the top ten countries with the largest areas under no-tillage in the world.

关键词： Wheat conservation agriculture breeding.

Impact of renewable energies on the operation and economicsituation of coal fired power stations： Actual situation of coalfired power stations in Germany

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第2期11卷 119-125页

作者： hans-joachim KRAUTZ Alexander LISK joachim POSSELT Christian KATZER Department for Power Plant Technology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg 03046 Cottbus Gemany

Due to the fluctuating character of the renewable energy sources the demand of conventional power plants for flexibility is increasing. In the recent years, in Germany there has been a fast rise of production capacity of renewable energies, especially from wind turbines, photovoltaic installations, and biomass plants. The installed nominal power of wind turbines is actually (December 2016) 42 GW and of photovoltaic installations 40?GW. The renewable electric energy production in Germany is about 190?TWh/a, which represents a share of 33% of the yearly demand. The increased need for flexibility affects both the power gradients as well as the minimum load of conventional power plants. Due to this flexibility behaviour, conventional power plants are faced with problems concerning the durability of power plant components, corrosion, more maintenance effort and consequently the overall life expectancy. Another consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies is the decreasing full load operating hours, especially of coal fired and gas power plants. Along with decreasing revenues from the energy exchange market, coal fired power plants are faced with new economically challenges.

关键词： flexible load operation minimal load power gradients power plant maintenance corrosion life expectancy

Metamorphic Evolution of Chloritoid-Bearing Micaschist from the Variscan Elstergebirge: Evidences for Stacking of High-Pressure Rocks in the Saxothuringian Zone of Central Europe

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第3期31卷 425-446页

作者： Gelareh Rahimi hans-joachim Massonne Fakultat Chemie Universitat Stuttgart70569 StuttgartGermany School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

A chloritoid-garnet-bearing micaschist from the southern part of the Elstergebirge was studied to better understand the Variscan orogenic evolution in the Saxothuringian zone of the northwestern Bohemian *** on the textural relations and compositions of minerals,especially of zoned garnet and potassic white mica,a P-T path was reconstructed using contoured P-T *** U-Th-Pb dating of monazite in the micaschist was undertaken with the electron *** micaschist experienced P-T conditions along a clockwise path between 16 kbar at 510℃and 5 kbar at 555℃followed by isobaric heating to about 600℃.Monazite ages range between 315 and 480 Ma with the most prominent maxima and side maxima at 346.0±1.1(2σ),357.3±2.3,and 368.3±1.7 *** older than 380 Ma were related to detrital monazite pointing to a Devonian sedimentary *** ages around 325 Ma were assigned to the isobaric heating by nearby post-tectonic *** high-pressure event,being the result of the collision of Laurussia and Gondwana after closure of the Rheic Ocean,occurred in the Late *** exhumation to 15-20 km(5 kbar)ended probably in the Early *** high-pressure micaschists from the Fichtelgebirge to the Erzgebirge crystalline complexes are suggested to represent a single nappe within a metamorphic nappe *** nappe is composed of metasedimentary slices,which experienced different peak pressures rather than representing a coherent crustal section.

关键词： Saxothuringian micaschist chloritoid garnet monazite dating Variscan P-T path

A Mixed—Mode BIST Scheme Based on Folding Compression

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2002年第2期17卷 203-212页

作者：梁华国 Sybille Hellebrand hans-joachim Wunderlich Department of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009. P.R. China Institute of Applied Computer Science University of Innsbruck Austria Institute of Computer Science University of Stuttgart Germany

In this paper a new scheme for mixed mode scan-based BIST is presented with complete fault coverage, and some new concepts of folding set and computing are *** scheme applies single feedback polynomial of LFSR for generating pseudo-random patterns, as well as for compressing and extending seeds of folding sets and an LFSR, where we encode seed of folding set as an initial seed of LFSR. Moreover these new techniques are 100%compatible with scan design. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms previously published approaches based on the reseeding of LFSRs.

关键词： BIST random pattern testing LFSR folding set

Pressure-Temperature Evolution of a Mylonitic Gneiss from the Lower Seve Nappe in the Handol Area,Central Sweden

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第6期32卷 1496-1511页

作者： Botao Li hans-joachim Massonne Xiaoping Yuan School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Fakultät Chemie Universität Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism has recently been reported from various crustal rocks in the Seve Nappe Complex(SNC)in which microdiamonds were ***,in gneiss from the Lower Seve Nappe(LSN),neither any direct petrographic indication for UHP was reported nor the metamorphic evolution was well *** studied a mylonitic gneiss from the Handol area of the LSN and applied phase-diagram modeling and Ti-in-biotite *** on the compositions of garnet and biotite and observed mineral assemblages,a path was reconstructed passing through about 8 kbar and 730℃at prograde ***-pressure and initial retrograde stages occurred at 9.0–10.2 kbar at 745-775℃,and 7–9 kbar at<750℃,*** ultrahigh-pressure evidence was recognized compatible with medium-pressure metamorphism deduced in earlier studies of gneiss from the *** higher peak pressures were reported recently for metamorphic rocks of the LSN,a possible interpretation is that slices or erased blocks were subducted,metamorphosed at different depths,and exhumed in a subduction ***,the dominant gneiss of the SNC experienced only a medium-pressure metamorphism in the upper part of the downgoing Baltica *** from different depth levels were brought together in an exhumation channel located between Baltica and the overlying plate.

关键词： Lower Seve Nappe Swedish Caledonides mylonitic gneiss P-T pseudosection modeling Ti-in-biotite thermometry metamorphic rocks

Effect of HTS Superconductors on Homogeneity of Measurement Field in Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 250-252页

作者：董慧张懿 KRAUSE hans-joachim 谢晓明 State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems Forschungszentrum Jiilich. D-52425 Jiilieh Germany Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

In recent years, superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs） have been demonstrated to be useful in the low field nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） measurements. The high temperature superconducting （HTS） SQUID used in our experiments has a frequency-independent sensitivity of 40-50fT/Hz^1/2. When a liquid nitrogen cooled LC circuit is employed to form a tuned circuit with the SQUID, the sensitivity of the system can be further enhanced. The LC circuit consists of a capacitor and a coil made of copper wire or HTS tape, which is inductively coupled to the SQUID. However, the homogeneity of the measurement field deteriorates because of the HTS tape coil in the proximity of the sample. In contrast, the thin film SQUID with a washer area of 1 cm^2 has no effect on the NMR signal. Therefore, the impairment of the measurement field homogeneity in the case of different superconducting elements nearby is discussed by examining the free induction decay signals at 9 kHz. It is found that a square superconducting film with an area of i cm^2 may compensate for the inhomogeneity of the measurement field after the adjustment of its position.

关键词： HIGH temperature superconductors NUCLEAR magnetic resonance SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices PHYSICS experiments LIQUID nitrogen SENSITIVITY analysis