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中国家禽 2013年第18期35卷 39-39页

作者： hans-christian philipp 德国罗曼动物保健有限公司

沙门菌的防控不仅关系到食品安全而且影响公众健康,国外通常采用疫苗免疫降低产品污染以及人类患病。文章对家禽生产中应用的沙门菌疫苗株的选择情况进行了介绍。

关键词：鸡蛋肠炎沙门菌疫苗弱毒株

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: The clinical challenge of a leaky gut and a cirrhotic liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 304-314页

作者： philipp Lutz hans Dieter Nischalke christian P Strassburg Ulrich Spengler Department of Internal Medicine I University of Bonn German Center for Infection Research

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) is a frequent, life-threatening bacterial infection in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Portal hypertension leads to increased bacterial translocation from the intestine. Failure to eliminate invading pathogens due to immune defects associated with advanced liver disease on the background of genetic predisposition may result in SBP. The efficacy of antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis has declined due to the spread of multi-resistant bacteria. Patients with nosocomial SBP and with prior antibiotictreatment are at a particularly high risk for infection with resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to adapt empirical treatment to these risk factors and to the local resistance profile. Rifaximin, an oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic, has been proposed to prevent SBP, but may be useful only in a subset of patients. Since novel antibiotic classes are lacking, we have to develop prophylactic strategies which do not induce bacterial resistance. Farnesoid X receptor agonists may be a candidate, but so far, clinical studies are not available. New diagnostic tests which can be carried out quickly at the patient's site and provide additional prognostic information would be helpful. Furthermore, we need tools to predict antibiotic resistance in order to tailor first-line antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis to the individual patient and to reduce mortality.

关键词： Ascites Cirrhosis Farnesoid X receptor Liver Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domaincontaining 2 Rifaximin Prophylaxis Spontaneousbacterial peritonitis Toll-like receptor 2

Tribological performance and microstructural evolution ofα-brass alloys as a function of zinc concentration

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Friction 2020年第6期8卷 1117-1136页

作者： Zhilong LIU philipp MESSER-HANNEMANN Stephan LAUBE christian GREINER Institute for Applied Materials(IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany KIT IAM-CMS MikroTribologie CentrumμTC Karlsruhe 76131Germany

Tailoring a material's properties for low friction and little wear in a strategic fashion is a long-standing goal of materials *** deformation plays a major role when metals are employed in a sliding contact;therefore,the effects of stacking fault energy and mode of dislocation glide need to be ***,we investigated how a decrease in the stacking fault energy affects friction,wear,and the ensuing sub-surface microstructure *** samples with increasing zinc concentrations of 5,15,and 36 wt%were tested in non-lubricated sphere-on-plate contacts with a reciprocating linear tribometer against Si3N4 *** the sliding distance from 0.5(single trace)to 5,000 reciprocating cycles covered different stages in the lifetime of a sliding *** the results among the three alloys revealed a profound effect of the zinc concentration on the tribological ***15 and CuZn36 showed similar friction and wear results,whereas CuZn5 had a roughly 60%higher friction coefficient(COF)than the other two ***15 and CuZn36 had a much smaller wear rate than *** dislocation motion in CuZn5 and CuZn15 allowed for dislocation self-organization into a horizontal line about 150 nm beneath the contact after a single trace of the *** feature was absent in CuZn36 where owing to planar dislocation slip band-like features under a 45°angle to the surface were *** results hold the promise to help guide the future development of alloys tailored for specific tribological applications.

关键词： brass tribology sliding contact microstructure stacking fault energy electron microscopy

Redundancy in Biology and Robotics:Potential of Kinematic Redundancy and its Interplay with Elasticity

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 695-707页

作者： Tom Verstraten christian Schumacher Rapha(e)l Furnémont Andre Seyfarth philipp Beckerle Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group(R&MM) Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders MakePleinlaan 21050 ElseneBelgium Institute of Sports Science TU DarmstadtMagdalenenstraβe 2764289 DarmstadtGermany Elastic Lightweight Robotics Group Robotics Research InstituteTU DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straβe 844227 DortmundGermany Institüt fur Mechatronische Systeme im Maschinenbau TU DarmstadtOtto-Berndt-Straβe 264287 DarmstadtGermany

Redundancy facilitates some of the most remarkable capabilities of humans,and is therefore omni-present in our *** relationship between redundancy in robotics and biology is investigated in detail on the Series Elastic Dual-Motor Actuator(SEDMA),an actuator inspired by the kinematic redundancy exhibited by *** actuator consists of two motors coupled to a single spring at the *** a system has a redundant degree of freedom,which can be exploited to optimize aspects such as accuracy,impedance,fault-tolerance and energy *** test its potential for human-like motions,the SEDMA actuator is implemented in a hopping *** on a physical demonstrator show that the robot's movement patterns resemble human squat *** conclude that robots with bio-inspired actuator designs facilitate human-like movement,although current technical limitations may prevent them from reaching the same dynamic and energetic performance.

关键词： bioinspired redundant actuation series elastic actuation hopping robots energy efficiency human physiology

Liver surgery in cirrhosis and portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第9期22卷 2725-2735页

作者： Christina Hackl hans J Schlitt philipp Renner Sven A Lang Department of Surgery University Medical Center Regensburg

The prevalence of hepatic cirrhosis in Europe and the United States, currently 250 patients per 100000 inhabitants, is steadily increasing. Thus, we observe a significant increase in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension needing liver resections for primary ormetastatic lesions. However, extended liver resections in patients with underlying hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension still represent a medical challenge in regard to perioperative morbidity, surgical management and postoperative outcome. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification recommends to restrict curative liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients to early tumor stages in patients with Child A cirrhosis not showing portal hypertension. However, during the last two decades, relevant improvements in preoperative diagnostic, perioperative hepatologic and intensive care management as well as in surgical techniques during hepatic resections have rendered even extended liver resections in higher-degree cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension possible. However, there are few standard indications for hepatic resections in cirrhotic patients and risk stratifications have to be performed in an interdisciplinary setting for each individual patient. We here review the indications, the preoperative risk-stratifications, the morbidity and the mortality of extended resections for primary and metastatic lesions in cirrhotic livers. Furthermore, we provide a review of literature on perioperative management in cirrhotic patients needing extrahepatic abdominal surgery and an overview of surgical options in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis.

关键词： Liver resection Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver metastases Portal hypertension Cholangiocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis

Interplay between microstructural evolution and tribo-chemistry during dry sliding of metals

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Friction 2019年第6期7卷 637-650页

作者： philipp GGRÜTZMACHER Sebastian RAMMACHER Dominic RATHMANN christian MOTZ FrankMÜCKLICH Sebastian SUAREZ Chair of Functional Materials Saarland UniversityCampus D3.3Saarbrücken 66123Germany Chair of Experimental Methodology of Material Science Saarland UniversityCampus D2.2Saarbrücken 66123Germany

Understanding the microstructural and tribo-chemical processes during tribological loading is of utmost importance to further improve the tribological behavior of metals. In this study, the friction, wear and tribo-chemical behavior of Ni with different initial microstructures(nanocrystalline, bi-modal, coarse-grained) is investigated under dry sliding conditions. In particular, the interplay be-tween frictional response, microstructural evolution and tribo-oxidation is considered. Friction tests are carried out using ball-on-disk experiments with alumina balls as counter-bodies, varying the load between 1 and 5 N. The microstructural evolution as well as the chemical reactions beneath the samples’ surface is investigated by means of cross-sections. The samples with finer microstructures show a faster run-in and lower maximum values of the coefficient of friction(COF) which can be attributed to higher oxidation kinetics and a higher hardness. It is observed that with increasing sliding cycles, a stable oxide layer is formed. Furthermore, initially coarse-grained samples show grain refinement, whereas initially finer microstructures undergo grain coarsening converging towards the same superficial grain size after 2,000 sliding cycles. Consequently, the experimental evidence supports that, irrespective of the initial microstructure, after a certain deformation almost identical steady-state COF values for all samples are achieved.

关键词： dry sliding microstructural analysis tribo‐oxidation wear

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in refractory chylothorax due to liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1140-1142页

作者： philipp Lutz Holger Strunk hans Heinz Schild Tilman Sauerbruch Department of Internal Medicine I University of Bonn53129 BonnGermany Department of Radiology University of Bonn53129 BonnGermany

A pleural effusion containing chylomicrons is termed chylothorax and results from leakage of lymph fluid into the pleural *** report on the case of a 59-year-old woman with severe dyspnea due to a large *** was known to have liver cirrhosis but no *** was no history of trauma,cardiac function was normal and thorough diagnostic work-up did not reveal any signs of *** summary,no other etiology of the chylothorax than portal hypertension could be *** with diuretics as well as parenteral feeding failed to relieve *** a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) had successfully been placed,pleural effusion decreased *** months later,TIPS revision had to be performed because of stenosis,resulting in remission from *** case shows that even in the absence of ascites,chylothorax might be caused by portal hypertension and that TIPS can be an effective treatment option.

关键词： Chylothorax Cirrhosis Liver Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A Coupled Approach for Fluid Dynamic Problems Using the PDE Framework Peano

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第6期12卷 65-84页

作者： philipp Neumann hans-Joachim Bungartz Miriam Mehl Tobias Neckel Tobias Weinzierl Chair of Scientific Computing Faculty of InformaticsTechnische Universitat MunchenBoltzmannstr.381545 GarchingGermany

We couple different flow models,i.e.a finite element solver for the Navier-Stokes equations and a Lattice Boltzmann automaton,using the framework Peano as a common *** new coupling strategy between the meso-and macroscopic solver is presented and validated in a 2D channel flow *** results are in good agreement with theory and results obtained in similar works by Latt et *** addition,the test scenarios show an improved stability of the coupledmethod compared to pure Lattice Boltzmann simulations.

关键词： Spatial coupling Lattice Boltzmann Navier-Stokes Peano

Variable optofluidic slit aperture

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 869-875页

作者： Stefan Schuhladen Kaustubh Banerjee Moritz Stürmer philipp Müller Ulrike Wallrabe hans Zappe Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10279110 FreiburgGermany Laboratory for Microactuators Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10279110 FreiburgGermany

The shape of liquid interfaces can be precisely controlled using electrowetting,an actuation mechanism which has been widely used for tunable optofluidic micro-optical components such as lenses or *** have expanded the considerable flexibility inherent in electrowetting actuation to realize a variable optofluidic slit,a tunable and reconfigurable two-dimensional aperture with no mechanically moving *** optofluidic slit is formed by precisely controlled movement of the liquid interfaces of two highly opaque ink *** 1.5mmlong slit aperture,with controllably variable discrete widths down to 45 mm,may be scanned across a length of 1.5mmwith switching times between adjacent slit positions of less than 120 *** addition,for a fixed slit aperture position,the width may be tuned to a minimum of 3 mmwith high uniformity and linearity over the entire slit *** compact,purely fluidic device offers an electrically controlled aperture tuning range not achievable with extant mechanical alternatives of a similar size.

关键词： electrowetting on dielectrics(EWOD) optofluidics scanning slit aperture tunable

Cost-analysis of inpatient and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in orthopaedics: A systematic literature review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第14期7卷 1825-1836页

作者： Christoph Kolja Boese philipp Lechler Michael Frink Michael Hackl Peer Eysel christian Ries Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery University Hospital of CologneCologne 50931Germany Clinic for Trauma and Hand Surgery KreisklinikenAltotting 84503Germany Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery University Hospital Giessen and MarburgMarburg 35043Germany

BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of total joint arthroplasties and consecutive revision surgery are associated with the risk of periprosthetic joint infections (PPJI). Treatment of PPJI is complex and associated with immense socio-economic burden. One treatment aspect is parenteral antiinfective therapy, which usually requires an inpatient setting [Inpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (IPAT)]. An alternative is outpatient parenteral treatment [Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT)]. To conduct a health economic cost-benefit analysis of OPAT, a detailed cost analysis of IPAT and OPAT is required. So far, there is a lack of knowledge on the health economic effects of IPAT and OPAT for PPJI. AIM To review an economic comparison of IPAT and OPAT. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed through Medline following the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Of 619 identified studies, 174 included information of interest and 21 studies were included for quantitative analysis of OPAT and IPAT costs. Except for one study, all showed relevant cost savings for OPAT compared to IPAT. Costs for IPAT were between 1.10 to 17.34 times higher than those for OPAT. CONCLUSION There are only few reports on OPAT for PPJI. Detailed analyses to support economic or clinical guidelines are therefore limited. There is good clinical evidence supporting economic benefits of OPAT, but more high quality studies are needed for PPJI.

关键词： Antibiotic therapy Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy Inpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy Cost analysis Periprosthetic joint infection Parenteral