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Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 266-275页

作者： Mengxi Wang Lander Baeten Frieke van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette Haben Blondeel Bart Muys John Armston hans Verbeeck Q-ForestLab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Earth and Life Institute UniversitéCatholique de Louvain(UCLouvain)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and productivity.Mixing tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree species.However,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in detail.Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented way.Therefore,we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest structure.These plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition levels.We generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural variables.Linear mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural variables.Employing a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural variables.Our results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height diversity.Species identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all sites.Species interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these interactions.Overall,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity and interaction effects in choosing suitable speci

关键词： TreeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity Terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure Tree diversity Planted forests

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;he regulation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling by protein deubiquitination

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Protein & Cell 2014年第7期5卷 503-517页

作者： Juan Zhang Xiaofei Zhang Feng Xie Zhengkui Zhang hans van dam Long Zhang Fangfang Zhou Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Molecular Cell Biology Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands and Centre of Biomedical Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Postbus 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands

Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） members are key cytokines that control embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis via transmembrane TGF-β type II （TβR II） and type I （TβRI） and serine/threonine kinases receptors. Aberrant activation of TGF-β signaling leads to diseases, including cancer. In advanced cancer, the TGF-β/SMAD pathway can act as an oncogenic factor driving tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and thus is considered to be a therapeutic target. The activity of TGF-β/SMAD pathway is known to be regulated by ubiquitination at multiple levels. As ubiquitination is reversible, emerging studies have uncovered key roles for ubiquitin-removals on TGF-β signaling components by deubiquitinating enzymes （DUBs）. In this paper, we summarize the latest findings on the DUBs that control the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway. The regula- tory roles of these DUBs as a driving force for cancer progression as well as their underlying working mech- anisms are also discussed.

关键词： TGF-β TβRI SMAD DUB ubiquitin deubiquitination

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Single-emitter super-resolved imaging of radiative decay rate enhancement in dielectric gap nanoantennas

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 47-54页

作者： R.Margoth Córdova-Castro Bart van dam Alberto Lauri Stefan A.Maier Riccardo Sapienza Yannick De Wilde Ignacio Izeddin Valentina Krachmalnicoff Institut Langevin ESPCI ParisPSL UniversityCNRSParisFrance The Blackett Laboratory Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems Ludwig-Maximilians Universität MünchenMuenchenGermany Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaONCanada

High refractive index dielectric nanoantennas strongly modify the decay rate via the Purcell effect through the design of radiative channels.Due to their dielectric nature,the field is mainly confined inside the nanostructure and in the gap,which is hard to probe with scanning probe techniques.Here we use single-molecule fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(smFLIM)to map the decay rate enhancement in dielectric GaP nanoantenna dimers with a median localization precision of 14 nm.We measure,in the gap of the nanoantenna,decay rates that are almost 30 times larger than on a glass substrate.By comparing experimental results with numerical simulations we show that this large enhancement is essentially radiative,contrary to the case of plasmonic nanoantennas,and therefore has great potential for applications such as quantum optics and biosensing.

关键词： dielectric decay radiative

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VprBP mitigates TGF-β and Activin signaling by promoting Smurf1-mediated type Ⅰ receptor degradation

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第2期12卷 138-151页

作者： Yihao Li Chao Cui Feng Xie Szymon Kietbasa Hailiang Mei Maarten van Dinther hans van dam Andreas Bauer Long Zhang Peterten Dijke Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical Center2300RC LeidenThe Netherlands MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Human Genetics Leiden Genome Technology CentreLeiden University Medical Center2300RC LeidenThe Netherlands Sequence Analysis Support Core Leiden University Medical Center2300RC LeidenThe Netherlands Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc.Novartis CampusForum 2.5.01.30CH-4056BaselSwitzerland

The transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)family controls embryogenesis,stem cell differentiation,and tissue homeostasis.However,how post-translation modifications contribute to fine-tuning of TGF-βfamily signaling responses is not well understood.Inhibitory(I)-Smads can antagonize TGF-β/Smad signaling by recruiting Smurf E3 ubiquitin ligases to target the active TGF-βreceptor for proteasomal degradation.A proteomic interaction screen identified Vpr binding protein(VprBP)as novel binding partner of Smad7.Mis-expression studies revealed that VprBP negatively controls Smad2 phosphorylation,Smad2–Smad4 interaction,as well as TGF-βtarget gene expression.VprBP was found to promote Smad7–Smurf1–TβRI complex formation and induce proteasomal degradation of TGF-βtype I receptor(TβRI).Moreover,VprBP appears to stabilize Smurf1 by suppressing Smurf1 poly-ubiquitination.In multiple adult and mouse embryonic stem cells,depletion of VprBP promotes TGF-βor Activin-induced responses.In the mouse embryo VprBP expression negatively correlates with mesoderm marker expression,and VprBP attenuated mesoderm induction during zebrafish embryogenesis.Our findings thereby uncover a novel regulatory mechanism by which Smurf1 controls the TGF-βand Activin cascade and identify VprBP as a critical determinant of embryonic mesoderm induction.

关键词： Smurfl TGF-βtype I receptor ubiquitination Activin mesoderm induction

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CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse models.We recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting immunotherapy.Here,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in humans.Activated CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer responses.In cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response induction.IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T cells.In agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

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The histopathological spectrum of myocardial inflammation in relation to circumstance of death:a retrospective cohort study in clinical and forensic autopsies

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 238-246页

作者： Romy du Long Judith Fronczek hans W.M.Niessen Allard C.van der Wal hans H.de Boer Department of Pathology Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Forensic Medicine Netherlands Forensic InstituteThe HagueThe Netherlands

Interpreting a myocardial inflammation as causal,contributory or as of no significance at all in the cause of death can be challenging,especially in cases where other pathologic and/or medico-legal findings are also present.To further evaluate the significance of myocardial inflammation as a cause of death we performed a retrospective cohort study of forensic and clinical autopsy cases.We revised the spectrum of histological inflammatory parameters in the myocardium of 79 adult autopsy cases and related these to the reported cause of death.Myocardial slides were reviewed for the distribution and intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrations,the predominant inflammatory cell type,and the presence of inflammation-associated myocyte injury,fibrosis,edema and hemorrhage.Next,the cases were divided over three groups,based on the reported cause of death.Group 1(n=27)consisted of all individuals with an obvious unnatural cause of death.Group 2(n=29)included all individuals in which myocarditis was interpreted to be one out of more possible causes of death.Group 3(n=23)consisted of all individuals in which myocarditis was reported to be the only significant finding at autopsy,and no other cause of death was found.Systematic application of our histological parameters showed that only a diffuse increase of inflammatory cells could discriminate between an incidental presence of inflammation(Group 1)or a potentially significant one(Groups 2 and 3).No other histological parameter showed significant differences between the groups.Our results suggest that generally used histological parameters are often insufficient to differentiate an incidental myocarditis from a(potentially)significant one.

关键词： Forensic sciences myocarditis myocardial inflammation diagnosis forensic pathology cause of death autopsy pathology

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Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels

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Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1464-1480页

作者： Francine Antoinette Cornelus van Neerbos Peter Dewitte Felix Wäckers Tom Wenseleers hans Jacquemyn Bart Lievens CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management(PME&BIM) Department M2SKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Leuven Plant Institute(LPI) KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution Biology DepartmentKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Biobest WesterloBelgium Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology DepartmentKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources.To locate their resources,insects use diverse stimuli,including olfactory,visual,acoustic,tactile and gustatory cues.While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects,there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted by microorganisms.However,to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs.In this study,we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels.Experiments were performed using two aphid species(Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var.nicotianae Blackman),three primary parasitoid species(Aphidius colemani Viereck,A.ervi Haliday,and A.matricariae Viereck),and two hyperparasitoid species(Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani).Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains(Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133,Curtobacterium sp.ST18.16/085,and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160)that were isolated from the habitat of the insects.Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles,but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels.All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds,but often in different relative concentrations.For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.Furthermore,olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.

关键词： aphids behavioral response hyperparasitoids parasitoids trophic chain

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Prediction of falling weight deflectometer parameters using hybrid model of genetic algorithm and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第5期17卷 812-826页

作者： Long Hoang NGUYEN Dung Quang VU Duc dam NGUYEN Fazal E.JALAL Mudassir IQBAL Vinh The DANG Hiep van LE Indra PRAKASH Binh Thai PHAM Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Transport TechnologyHanoi 10000Vietnam Department of Civil Engineering State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China Department of Civil Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar 25120Pakistan DDG(R)Geological Survey of India Gandhinagar 382010India

A falling weight deflectometer is a testing device used in civil engineering to measure and evaluate the physical properties of pavements,such as the modulus of the subgrade reaction(Y1)and the elastic modulus of the slab(Y2),which are crucial for assessing the structural strength of pavements.In this study,we developed a novel hybrid artificial intelligence model,i.e.,a genetic algorithm(GA)-optimized adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS-GA),to predict Y1 and Y2 based on easily determined 13 parameters of rigid pavements.The performance of the novel ANFIS-GA model was compared to that of other benchmark models,namely logistic regression(LR)and radial basis function regression(RBFR)algorithms.These models were validated using standard statistical measures,namely,the coefficient of correlation(R),mean absolute error(MAE),and root mean square error(RMSE).The results indicated that the ANFIS-GA model was the best at predicting Y1(R=0.945)and Y2(R=0.887)compared to the LR and RBFR models.Therefore,the ANFIS-GA model can be used to accurately predict Y1 and Y2 based on easily measured parameters for the appropriate and rapid assessment of the quality and strength of pavements.

关键词： falling weight deflectometer modulus of subgrade reaction elastic modulus metaheuristic algorithms

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Rare case of ascites several years after liver transplantation

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 677-679页

作者： Liesbeth Deroo Anne Hoorens Xavier Verhelst Helena Degroote hans van Vlierberghe Anja Geerts Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium Department of Pathology Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium

Case report A 67-year-old male patient with a history of liver transplantation presented with complaints of progressive abdominal distention.He had a history of alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma for which he underwent orthotopic liver transplantation in 2011.Afterwards,he developed end-stage renal disease,requiring hemodialysis in 2017.In 2018,the diagnosis of high-risk essential thrombocythemia(ET)(presence of the JAK2(V617F)mutation and advanced age without a history of thrombosis)was made.

关键词： liver diagnosis JAK2

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Effects of turbulence on carbon emission in shallow lakes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 166-172页

作者： Lin Zhu Boqiang Qin Jian Zhou Bryce van dam Wenqing Shi Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Station State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for Eco-Environmental Research Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute

Turbulent mixing is enhanced in shallow lakes. As a result, exchanges across the air–water and sediment–water interfaces are increased, causing these systems to be large sources of greenhouse gases. This study investigated the effects of turbulence on carbon dioxide（CO2）and methane（CH4） emissions in shallow lakes using simulated mesocosm experiments.Results demonstrated that turbulence increased CO2 emissions, while simultaneously decreasing CH4 emissions by altering microbial processes. Under turbulent conditions, a greater fraction of organic carbon was recycled as CO2 instead of CH4, potentially reducing the net global warming effect because of the lower global warming potential of CO2 relative to CH4. The CH4/CO2 flux ratio was approximately 0.006 under turbulent conditions, but reached 0.078 in the control. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that methanogen abundance decreased and methanotroph abundance increased under turbulent conditions, inhibiting CH4 production and favoring the oxidation of CH4 to CO2.These findings suggest that turbulence may play an important role in the global carbon cycle by limiting CH4 emissions, thereby reducing the net global warming effect of shallow lakes.

关键词： Turbulence Carbon dioxide Methane Methanogen Methanotroph

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