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Neighbour effects on plant biomass and its allocation for forbs growing in heterogeneous soils

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journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 90-99页

作者： Yongjie Liu Chunyan Ma Shiting Liu Mingrui Liu Hui Li Mingxia Wang Guoe Li hans j.De Boeck Fujiang Hou Zhanhui Tang Zhenxin Li State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Plant and Ecosystems(PLECO) Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijk B-2610Belgium State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130117China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ministry of EducationLhasa 850011China

Focal plants are considerably affected by their neighbouring plants,especially when growing in heterogeneous soils.A previous study on grasses demonstrated that soil heterogeneity and species composition affected plant biomass and above-and belowground allocation *** now tested whether these findings were similar for *** forb species(*** anglica,Limonium bicolor and Suaeda glauca)were grown in pots with three levels of soil heterogeneity,created by alternatively filling resource-rich and resource-poor substrates using small,medium or large patch *** compositions were created by growing these forbs either in monocultures or in *** showed that patch size×species composition significantly impacted shoot biomass,root biomass and total biomass of forbs at different ***,at the pot scale,shoot biomass,root biomass and total biomass increased with increasing patch *** the substrate scale,shoot biomass and total biomass were higher at the large patch size than at the medium patch size,both in resource-rich and resource-poor ***,at the community scale,monocultures had more shoot biomass,root biomass and total biomass than those in the two-or three-species *** results differ from earlier findings on the responses of grasses,where shoot biomass and total biomass decreased with patch size,and more shoot biomass and total biomass were found in resource-rich than resource-poor *** further elucidate the effects of soil heterogeneity on the interactions between neighbour plants,we advise to conduct longer-term experiments featuring a variety of functional groups.

关键词： biomass allocation neighbour effect patch size soil heterogeneity shoot biomass

Chemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with a self‐replenishing nanoscale liquid coating

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Droplet 2024年第1期3卷 136-148页

作者： Xiaoteng Zhou Pranav Sudersan Diego Diaz Benjamin Leibauer Chirag Hinduja Fahimeh Darvish Pravash Bista Lukas Hauer Manfred Wagner Werner Steffen jie Liu Michael Kappl hans‐jürgen Butt Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research MainzGermany Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Due to poor chemical robustness,superhydrophobic surfaces become susceptible to failure,especially in a highly oxidative *** ensure the longterm efficacy of these surfaces,a more stable and environmentally friendly coating is required to replace the conventional salinization ***,soottemplated surfaces with re‐entrant nanostructures are precoated with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)*** additional nanometer‐thick lubricant layer of PDMS was then applied to increase chemical *** surface is superhydrophobic with a nanoscale liquid *** the lubricant layer is thin,ridge formation is suppressed,which leads to low drop sliding friction and fast drop *** introducing a bottom“reservoir”of a free lubricant as an oil source for self‐replenishing to the upper layer,the superhydrophobic surface becomes more stable and heals spontaneously in response to alkali erosion and O2 plasma *** design also leads to a higher icing delay time and faster removal of impacting cooled water drops than for uncoated surfaces,preventing icing at low temperatures.

关键词： coating friction liquid

Bound State Description of Particles from a Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons, Compatible with Relativity

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journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 562-573页

作者： hans-Peter Morsch HOFF J&uumllich Germany

Both, the dilemma to find a quantum field theory consistent with Einstein’s law of relativity and the problem to describe existing particles as bound states of matter has been solved by calculating bound state matrix elements from a dual fermion-boson Lagrangian. In this formalism, the fermion binding energies are compensated by boson energies, indicating that particles can be generated out of the vacuum. This yields quantitative solutions for various mesons ω (0.78 GeV) - Υ (9.46 GeV) and all leptons e, μ and τ, with uncertainties in the extracted properties of less than 1‰. For transparency, a Web-page with the address htpps://*** has been constructed, where all calculations can be run on line and also the underlying fortran source code can be inspected.

关键词： Quantum Field Theory of Fermion and Boson Fields Hadrons and Leptons Described as Bound States of Relativistic Fermions and Bosons Leading to a Total Energy Equal to Zero

Aerosol deposition technology and its applications in batteries

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第1期6卷 24-37页

作者： Xinyu Wang Ramon Alberto Paredes Camacho Xiaoyu Xu Yumei Wang Yi Qiang hans Kungl Ruediger-AEichel Yunfeng Zhang Li Lu National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing401123PR China National University of Singapore Singapore117576 Fundamental Electrochemistry(IEK-9) Institute of Energy and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany

Aerosol deposition(AD)method is a kind of additive manufacturing technology for fabricating dense films such as metals and ceramics at room *** resolves the challenge of integrating ceramic films onto temperaturesensitive substrates,including metals,glasses,and *** should be emphasized that the AD is a spray coating technology that uses powder without thermal assistance to generate films with high *** to the traditional sputter-based approach,the AD shows several advantages in efficiency,convenience,better interfacial bonding and so ***,it opens some possibilities to the field of batteries,especially all-solidstate batteries(ASSBs)and draws much attention not only for research but also for large scale *** purpose of this work is to provide a critical review on the science and technology of AD as well as its applications in the field of *** process,mechanism and effective parameters of AD,and recent developments in AD applications in the field of batteries will be systematically reviewed so that a trend for AD will be finally provided.

关键词： Aerosol deposition Room temperature impact consolidation Ceramic film All-solid-state battery Spray coating technology

CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de Groot Marij j.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia j.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda Heinz jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in *** CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer *** cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response ***-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

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质子磁荷半径:新疑难?

Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 419-421页

作者：林勇辉 hans-Werner Hammer Ulf-G.Meiûner Helmholtz Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics Universität BonnBonn D-53115Germany Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of PhysicsInstitut für KernphysikDarmstadt 64289Germany ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbHDarmstadt 64291Germany Institute for Advanced Simulation and Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum JülichJülich D-52425Germany Tbilisi State University Tbilisi 0186Georgia

The electric radius,rE,and the magnetic radius,rM,of the proton are fundamental quantities of low-energy QCD,as they are a measure of the probe-dependent size of the proton.

关键词： radius quantities fundamental

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik j.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

The effect of Laves phases and nano-precipitates on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of Mg-Al-Ca alloys under alkaline conditions

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2447-2461页

作者： Markus Felten Veronika Chaineux Siyuan Zhang Ali Tehranchi Tilmann Hickel Christina Scheu joshua Spille Marta Lipińska-Chwałek joachim Mayer Benjamin Berkels Marcus hans Imke Greving Silja Flenner Sandra Sefa Daniela Zander Chair of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52072 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Düsseldorf 40237 Germany Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074 Germany Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52428Germany Mathematical Image and Signal Processing Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering ScienceRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062 Germany Materials Chemistry RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074 Germany Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthacht 21502 Germany

The electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys were extensively studied in previous investigations of different chemical com-positions,modified surface states and various electrolyte ***,recent research focused on the active state of Mg dissolution,leading to unresolved effects of secondary phases adjacent to a stableα-solid solution passive *** present study investigates the fundamental electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of three different Laves phases with varying phase morphologies and phase fractions in the passive state of Mg-Al-Ca *** microstructure was characterized by(transmission-)electron microscopy and synchrotron-based transmission X-ray *** electrochemical corrosion resistance was determined with a standard three-electrode setup and advanced in-situ flow cell measurements.A new electrochemical activity sequence(C15>C36>α-Mg>C14)was obtained,as a result of a stable passive layer formation on theα-solid ***,nm-scale Mg-rich precipitates were identified within the Laves phases,which tend to inhibit the corrosion kinetics.

关键词： Laves phase STEM Magnesium Corrosion Passive layer

Comparison of Leptosphaeria biglobosa-induced and chemically induced systemic resistance to *** in Brassica napus

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第8期52卷 1053-1062页

作者： LIU ShengYi LIU RenHu Akinwunmi O. LATUNDE-DADA hans j. cools Simon j. FOSTER HUANG Yongju Bruce D. L. FITT Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Key Lab of Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Chinese Ministry0f Agriculture CAAS Oil Crops Research Institute Wuhan 430062 China Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China

Brassica napus(***)seedlings pre-treated with ascospores of Leptosphaeria biglobosa or foliar sprays of either acibenzolar-S-methyl(ASM)or menadione sodium bisulphite(MSB)were chal- lenge inoculated with *** ascospores and assessed for phoma leaf spot development and tissue morphology and gene expression responses to *** of increase in phoma leaf spot area 8―21 d after challenge inoculation were significantly greater on water pre-treated plants than on plants pre-treated with ***,ASM or MSB on both pre-treated leaves(local effect)and younger leaves without pre-treatment(systemic effect).Ninety-six h after challenge inoculation,the invasive hyphae of *** were encircled by rings of necrotic mesophyll cells on leaves pre-treated with L. biglobosa,ASM or MSB but not those pre-treated with *** of transcript levels of genes commonly used as markers of the major defence signalling pathways(PDF1.2,PR-1,NPR1,APX, CHB4)0–96 h after *** challenge inoculation showed expression patterns indicating prefer- ential activation of the jasmonate/ethylene pathway and involved induction of NPR1 locally and sys- temically in leaves of plants pre-treated with *** ascospores.

关键词：油菜黑胫病抗性黑胫病弱毒种诱导途径比较化学诱导