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Wafer-scale fabricated thermo-pneumatically tunable microlenses

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 298-303页

作者： Wei Zhang hans zappe Andreas Seifert Department of Microsystems Engineering University of Freiburg79110 FreiburgGermany

We have developed a self-contained,liquid tunable microlens based on polyacrylate membranes integrated with compact on-chip thermo-pneumatic actuation fabricated using full-wafer *** oil is used as the optical liquid,which is pushed or pulled into the lens cavity via an extended microfluidic channel structure without any pumps,valves or other mechanical *** heat load generated by the thermal actuator is physically isolated from the lens *** back focal length may be tuned from infinity to 4 mm with a maximum power consumption of 300 *** principal application is fine tuning of the back focal length,for which tuning time constants as small as 100 ms are suitable.

关键词： optofluidics thermo-pneumatic actuation tunable microlens wafer-scale fabrication

Elastomeric lenses with tunable astigmatism

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 73-78页

作者： Peter Liebetraut Sebastian Petsch Jens Liebeskind hans zappe Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79110Germany

Microlenses fabricated using flexible elastomers can be tuned in focal length by application of controlled *** varying the strain azimuthally,the lenses may be deformed asymmetrically such that aberrations may be *** approach is used to tune the astigmatism of the tunable lenses,and it is shown that the generated wavefront may be accurately *** lens presented here has an initial focal length of 32.6 mm and a tuning range of 12.3 mm for approximately 10%applied *** range of directly tunable Zernike polynomials representing astigmatism is about 3 mm,while the secondary lens errors,which cannot be tuned directly,vary only by about 0.2 mm.

关键词： aberrations active or adaptive optics micro-optical devices polymers

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热驱动微光学(英文)

中国光学 2014年第2期7卷 215-224页

作者：张维 zappe hans 德国弗莱堡大学微系统工程系弗莱堡79110 西北工业大学陕西西安710072

通过实例研究和近期报道的文献,论述了热驱动微光学的研究进展。驱动器主要通过应用在液体和液气界面的压力来调控光学微流体,包括微镜片和薄膜微透镜,热驱动器利用芯片上的温度变化产生所需要的压力差,从而对微透镜进行调控。同时还讨... 详细信息

通过实例研究和近期报道的文献,论述了热驱动微光学的研究进展。驱动器主要通过应用在液体和液气界面的压力来调控光学微流体,包括微镜片和薄膜微透镜,热驱动器利用芯片上的温度变化产生所需要的压力差,从而对微透镜进行调控。同时还讨论了用于微光学结构的各种设备、结构、液体和膜材料,并提供了典型操作特性。

关键词：可调微透镜热驱动器微光学

Cascading optofluidic phase modulators for performance enhancement in refractive adaptive optics

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Advanced Photonics 2020年第6期2卷 47-56页

作者： Pouya Rajaeipour Kaustubh Banerjee Alex Dorn hans zappe Caglar Ataman University of Freiburg Gisela and Erwin Sick Laboratory for Micro-OpticsDepartment of Microsystems EngineeringFreiburgGermany

We discuss the implementation and performance of an adaptive optics(AO)system that uses two cascaded deformable phase plates(DPPs),which are transparent optofluidic phase modulators,mimicking the common woofer/tweeter-type astronomical AO *** of the DPPs has 25 electrodes forming a keystone pattern best suited for the correction of low-order and radially symmetric modes;the second device has 37 hexagonally packed electrodes better suited for high-order *** also present simulation results and experimental validation for a new open-loop control strategy enabling simultaneous control of both DPPs,which ensures optimum correction for both large-amplitude low-order,and complex combinations of low-and high-order *** resulting system can reproduce Zernike modes up to the sixth radial order with stroke and fidelity up to twice better than what is attainable with either of the DPPs *** performance of the new AO configuration is also verified in a custom-developed fluorescence microscope with sensorless aberration correction.

关键词： adaptive optics woofer/tweeter phase modulation optofluidics aberration correction open-loop control

The engineered eyeball, a tunable imaging system using soft-matter micro-optics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 848-854页

作者： Sebastian Petsch Stefan Schuhladen Lucas Dreesen hans zappe Department of Microsystems Engineering University of Freiburg79110 FreiburgGermany

We demonstrate a tunable imaging system based on the functionality of the mammalian eye using soft-matter micro-optical *** by the structure of the eye,as well as by the means through which nature tunes its optical behavior,we show that the technologies of microsystems engineering and micro-optics may be used to realize a technical imaging system whose biomimetic functionality is entirely distinct from that of conventional *** engineered eyeball integrates a deformable elastomeric refractive structure whose shape is mechanically controlled through application of strain using liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)actuators;two forms of tunable iris,one based on optofluidics and the other on LCEs with embedded heaters;a fixed lens arrangement;and a commercial imaging sensor *** complete microsystem,optimized to yield optical characteristics close to those of the human eye,represents the first fully functional,soft-matter-based tunable single-aperture eye-like imager.

关键词： imaging systems liquid-crystal elastomers micro-optics optofluidics

Variable optofluidic slit aperture

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 869-875页

作者： Stefan Schuhladen Kaustubh Banerjee Moritz Stürmer Philipp Müller Ulrike Wallrabe hans zappe Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10279110 FreiburgGermany Laboratory for Microactuators Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10279110 FreiburgGermany

The shape of liquid interfaces can be precisely controlled using electrowetting,an actuation mechanism which has been widely used for tunable optofluidic micro-optical components such as lenses or *** have expanded the considerable flexibility inherent in electrowetting actuation to realize a variable optofluidic slit,a tunable and reconfigurable two-dimensional aperture with no mechanically moving *** optofluidic slit is formed by precisely controlled movement of the liquid interfaces of two highly opaque ink *** 1.5mmlong slit aperture,with controllably variable discrete widths down to 45 mm,may be scanned across a length of 1.5mmwith switching times between adjacent slit positions of less than 120 *** addition,for a fixed slit aperture position,the width may be tuned to a minimum of 3 mmwith high uniformity and linearity over the entire slit *** compact,purely fluidic device offers an electrically controlled aperture tuning range not achievable with extant mechanical alternatives of a similar size.

关键词： electrowetting on dielectrics(EWOD) optofluidics scanning slit aperture tunable

An imaging spectrometer employing tunable hyperchromatic microlenses

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 33-41页

作者： Phuong-Ha Cu-Nguyen Adrian Grewe Patrik Feßer Andreas Seifert Stefan Sinzinger hans zappe Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79110Germany Fachgebiet Technische Optik Institut fur Mikro-und NanotechnologienTechnische Universitat IlmenauIlmenau 98684Germany

We present the design,fabrication and characterization of hydraulically-tunable hyperchromatic lenses for two-dimensional(2D)spectrally-resolved spectral *** hyperchromatic lenses,consisting of a positive diffractive lens and a tunable concave lens,are designed to have a large longitudinal chromatic dispersion and the images of different wavelengths from each other.2D objects of different wavelengths can consequently be imaged using the tunability of the lens *** hyperchromatic lens concepts are demonstrated and their spectral characteristics as well as their functionality in spectral imaging applications are shown.

关键词： hyperchromatic lens imaging spectrometer tunable filter tunable lens

Clinically detected gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are on the rise: Epidemiological changes in Germany

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 9012-9019页

作者： hans Scherübl Brigitte Streller Roland Stabenow Hermann Herbst Michael Hopfner Christoph Schwertner Joachim Steinberg Jan Eick Wanda Ring Krishna Tiwari Soren M zappe Klinik für Gastroenterologie GI Onkologie und InfektiologieVivantes Klinikum Am Urban10967 BerlinGermany Gemeinsames Krebsregister der Lander Berlin BrandenburgMecklenburg-VorpommernSachsen-Anhalt und der Freistaaten Sachsen und Thüringen (GKR)10967 BerlinGermany Institut für Pathologie Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH10967 BerlinGermany Institut für Physiologie Charité-Universitatsmedizin10117 BerlinGermany Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin HNO-KlinikCampus Virchow Klinikum13353 BerlinGermany

AIM:To study the epidemiologic changes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NET)in Germany,we analyzed two time periods 1976-1988 ***:We evaluated epidemiological data of GEP-NET from the former East German National Cancer Registry(DDR Krebsregister,1976-1988)and its successor,the Joint Cancer Registry(GKR,1998-2006),which was founded after German *** to a particularly substantial database the epidemiological data from the federal states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania,Saxony,Brandenburg and Thuringia,covering a population of more than 10.8 million people,were *** probabilities were calculated using life table *** addition,GEP-NET patients were evaluated for one or more second(non-GEP-NET)primary ***:A total of 2821 GEP neuroendocrine neoplasms were identified in the two *** overall incidence increased significantly between 1976 and2006 from 0.31(per 100.000 inhabitants per year)to2.27 for men and from 0.57 to 2.38 for *** the later period studied(2004-2006),the small intestine was the most common ***(NE)neoplasms of the small intestine showed the largest absolute increase in incidence,while rectal NE neoplasms exhibited the greatest relative *** the incidence of appendiceal NET in women showed little change between 1976 and *** survival of patients varied for sex,tumor site and the two periods studied but improved significantly over ***,about 20%of the GEP-NET patients developed one or more second *** most common location was the gastrointestinal ***-NET patients without second malignancies fared better than those with one or more of ***:The number of detected GEP-NET increased about 5-fold in Germany between 1976 *** the same time,their anatomic distribution changed,and the survival of GEP-NET patients improved *** malignancies are common and influence the ov

关键词： Neuroendocrine Tumor Epidemiology Gastrinoma Insulinoma Endoscopy German history Reunification Second malignancy