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The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin(Ghana):Organic source input,depositional environment,and thermal maturity

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 424-440页

作者： Kojo Amoako Ningning Zhong Nancy pearl Osei-Boakye Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)School of Mathematics and ScienceCarl von Ossietzky UniversitäOldenburgAmmerläder HeerstraВ114-11826129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Saltpond Basin,situated within the South Atlantic margin of Ghana,is a significant area for petro-leum exploration but has received relatively limited research *** studies have examined source rock com-position,but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lack-ing,hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and *** address this gap,we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to eluci-date organic matter source,depositional environment,and thermal *** were compared with oils from the west African segment of the South Atlantic margin,namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin,to iden-tify potential correlations and gain insights into regional *** and isotopic results unveiled a sig-nificant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine *** of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment,contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such ***,the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic mat-ter origins underscores the complex nature of organic mat-ter dynamics in transitional marine *** of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity *** analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin,primarily due to variations in source input and depo-sitional environment *** oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils,which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude ***,its paleodepositional envi

关键词： Biomarkers Carbon isotopes Crude oil Saltpond Basin Ghana

Geochemical fingerprints and hydrocarbon potential of Paleocene mudrocks in the Tano Basin, Ghana: insights from biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 255-279页

作者： Kojo Amoako Nancy pearl Osei-Boakye Ningning Zhong N’Guessan Francois De Sales Konan Gordon Foli Prince Opoku Appau Clifford Fenyi Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgAmmerlander Heerstr.26129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Civil and Geo-EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghana National Gas Company 225 Osibisa CloseAirport WestAccraGhana Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Paleocene mudrocks in Ghana’s Tano Basin have received limited attention despite ongoing efforts to explore hydrocarbon resources.A thorough geochemical analysis is imperative to assess these mudrocks’petroleum generation potential and formulate effective exploration *** this study,a comprehensive geochemical analysis was carried out on ten Paleocene rock cuttings extracted from TP-1,a discovery well within the Tano *** analytical techniques,including total organic carbon(TOC)analysis,Rock–Eval pyrolysis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and isotope ratio-mass spectrometry,were employed to elucidate their hydrocar-bon potential and organic ***ﬁndings in this study were subsequently compared to existing geochemical data on Paleocene source rocks in the South Atlantic marginal *** results indicated that the Paleocene samples have TOC content ranging from 0.68 to 2.93 wt%.The prevalent kerogen types identiﬁed in these samples were Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ.Molecular and isotope data suggest that the organic matter found in the Paleocene mudrocks can be traced back to land plants and lower aquatic *** mudrocks were deposited in a transi-tional environment withﬂuctuating water salinity,charac-terized by sub-oxic redox *** indices,both bulk and molecular,indicated a spectrum of maturity levels within the Paleocene mudrocks,spanning from immature to marginally mature,with increasing maturity observed with greater *** comparison,the organic composition and depositional environments of Paleocene source rocks in the Tano Basin closely resemble those found in the Niger Delta Basin,Douala,and Kribi-Campo Basins,the Kwanza Formation in Angola,and certain Brazilian marginal ***,it is worth noting that Paleocene source rocks in some of the basins,such as the Niger Delta and Brazilian marginal basins,exhibit rela-tively higher thermal maturity levels compared to those observed in the current Paleocene samp

关键词： Paleocene source rocks Source input Depositional environment Thermal maturity Hydrocarbon potential Tano Basin west Africa

Factors of Adherence to Concurrent Tuberculosis Treatment and Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-TB Co-Infected Individuals in the East Region, Cameroon in the COVID-19 Era: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 131-147页

作者： François Anicet Onana Akoa Ulrich Dama Jean Ndibi Abanda Alphonse Tedonge Asobochia Melkior Fobasso Dzeuta pearl Nsom Mbu Yokyu Zachary Pangwoh Pierre Yassa Yoniene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lisala (CIREP-UNILIS) Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Faculty of Public Health Texila American University Guyana South America Faculty of Medicine University Simon Kimbangu Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection is a serious health problem in Cameroon. The problems associated with poor adherence to treatment are on the increase worldwide. This problem can be observed in all situations where patients are required to administer their own medication, whatever the type of illness. The general objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting adherence to treatment among HIV-TB co-infected patients in health facilities in the East Region in the COVID context. Method: A retrospective cohort study before and during COVID-19 was conducted in HIV care units in 13 health districts in the East Region of Cameroon. Data were collected using a questionnaire recorded in the Kobo Collect android application, analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and plotted using Excel. Results: The pre-COVID-19 cohort compared to the during-COVID-19 cohort had a 1.90 risk of not adhering to treatment (OR: 1.90, CI {1.90 - 3.37}) and the difference was statistically significant at the 5% level (p-value = 0.029). Frequency of adherence was 65.4% (140/214). Adherence before COVID-19 was 56.9% whereas during COVID-19, it was 74.3%. Conclusion: The implementation of targeted interventions in the COVID-19 context, using evidence-based data and integrating the individual needs of HIV-TB co-infected patients, improved adherence to concurrent anti-tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 Era.

关键词： Factors of Adherence Tuberculosis Treatment Antiretroviral Therapy HIV-TB Co-Infection East Region Cameroon

Synthesis of Unprotectedα-Tertiary Amines and 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Vinyl Azides by Light Induced Denitrogenative Alkylarylation/Dialkylation

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第4期6卷 1060-1070页

作者： Sifan Li Hai-wu Du Paul w.Davies wei Shu Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055Guangdong School of Chemistry University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TT

Sterically congestedα-tertiary primary amines are ubiquitous substructures in pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents yet are challenging to ***,straightforward photoredox-catalyzed access to structurally diverseα,α,α-trisubstituted primary amines from denitrogenative alkylarylation or dialkylation of vinyl azides with N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)esters and cyanoarenes or aryl aldehydes has been *** use of vinyl azide as a precursor to a primary aminewas enabled by the dual role of the Hantzsch ester to form an electron donor-acceptor complex and serve as a sacrificial *** strategy provides a modular synthesis ofα-tertiary primary amines,including unprotected 1,2-amino alcohols,from simple materials with excellent functional group *** synthetic applicability of this method was demonstrated by streamlined access to 2,2-disubstituted *** investigations support two parallel reductive photocatalytic cycles allowing for the denitrogenative alkylarylation or dialkylation of vinyl azides via decarboxylative radical addition followed by heteroradical cross-coupling betweenα-amino radicals and aryl anion radicals or ketyl anion radicals.

关键词： photocatalysis α-tertiary primary amines 1 2-amino alcohols vinyl azide electron donor-acceptor complex

Immunological roulette: Luck or something more? Considering the connections between host and environment in TB

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第3期15卷 226-232页

作者： John E pearl Mrinal Das Andrea M Cooper Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group(LTBRG)University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK

Accurate prediction of which patient will progress from a sub-clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis represents an elusive,yet critical,clinical research *** the individual perspective,progression can be considered to be the product of a series of unfortunate events or even a run of bad ***,we identify the subtle physiological relationships that can influence the odds of progression to active TB and how this progression may reflect directed dysbiosis in a number of interrelated *** infected individuals who progress to disease have apparently good immune responses,but these responses are,at times,compromised by either local or systemic environmental *** disease promoting processes,such as tissue-damaging granulomata,usually manifest in the lung,but illness is *** apparent dichotomy between local and systemic reflects a clear need to define the factors that promote progression to active disease within the context of the body as a physiological *** discuss aspects of the host environment that can impact expression of immunity,including the microbiome,glucocorticoid-mediated regulation,catecholamines and interaction between the gut,liver and *** suggest the importance of integrating precision medicine into our analyses of experimental outcomes such that apparently conflicting results are not contentious,but rather reflect the impact of these subtle relationships with our environment and microbiota.

关键词： gut-liver-lung axis microbiome tuberculosis

Academic Facility Availability and Its Influence on Students’ Academic Performance and Enrollment: Moderating Effects of Facility Maintenance,evidence in Ghana

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Academic Facility Availability and Its Influence on Students...

作者： pearl Abredu 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

《加纳宪法》保证在各级教育和加纳所有地区提供教育设施,但不幸的是,一些学校缺乏必要的教育设施,拥有这些设施的学校也处于恶劣的状况。因此,许多研究都是关于设施可用性对学生的影响。这些研究评估了各种因素对学生学业成绩的影响,...

《加纳宪法》保证在各级教育和加纳所有地区提供教育设施,但不幸的是,一些学校缺乏必要的教育设施,拥有这些设施的学校也处于恶劣的状况。因此,许多研究都是关于设施可用性对学生的影响。这些研究评估了各种因素对学生学业成绩的影响,但对于学业结构的可用性和功能性对学业成绩和入学率的影响却不多见。本研究分别探讨了加纳大阿克拉地区和阿散蒂地区各大专院校的设施可用性(AFA)对学业成绩(AP)和学生入学率(E)的影响以及设施维护(FM)适度性的可能影响。(300)名受访者,包括126名女学生和174名男学生。调查对象还包括本科生(UG)和研究生(PG),研究生比本科生多,共有193名研究生和107名本科生。进行横断面研究,并使用IBM-SPSS(版本25)对数据进行定量评估。对数据进行合度和共线性检验后进行多元回归分析。模型对AP和E的R2值分别为0.8990和0.7210,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。据观察,加纳教育机构功能性学术结构(AFA)的单位增加有可能使学生的学习成绩提高69%,使所有其他因素保持不变。此外,在很大程度上,对现有设施(FM)的维护,如果由一个单位加以改进,也可以使AP提高41.00%。进一步的评估表明,教育机构AFA的单元改进有可能使入学率(E)增加约70%,而维护这些设施将使E仅提高21%,一切都是不变的。采用多元回归层次分析法检验FM对AFA与A P或E关系的调节作用,发现FM对AFA与AP/E关系有显著的调节作用(P<0.5)。研究强调,在数量和质量上都有适当设施的高等院校,可以让学生更好地接触实践和理论课,以提高学生的成功率。

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Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, DNA cleavage and antimicrobial activity of homodinuclear lanthanide complexes of phenylthioacetic acid

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Journal of Rare Earths 2013年第10期31卷 1009-1016页

作者： T. F. Abbs Fen Reji A. Jeena pearl Bojaxa A. Rosy Department of Chemistry & Research Centre Nesamony Memorial Christian College Department of Chemistry& Research Centre Scott Christian College Department of Botany & Research Centre Holy Cross College (Autonomous)

Lanthanide complexes of Eu（III）, Gd（III）, Nd（III）, Sm（III）, and Tb（III） with phenylthioacetic acid were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass, infrared radiation （IR）, electronic spectra, molar conductance, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, and powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed that the lanthanide complexes were homodinuclear in nature. The two lanthanide ions were bridged by eight oxygen atoms from four carboxylate groups. Thermal decomposition profiles were consis- tent with the proposed formulations. Powder XRD studies showed that all the complexes were amorphous in nature. Antimicrobial studies indicated that these complexes exhibited more activity than the ligand itself. The DNA cleavage activity of the ligand and its complexes were assayed on CT DNA using gel electrophoresis in the presence of H202. The result showed that the Eu（Ⅲ） and Nd（Ⅲ） complexes completely cleaved the DNA. The anticancer activities of the complexes were also studied towards human cervical cancer cell line （HeLa） and colon cancer cells （HCT116） and it was found that the Eu（Ⅲ） and Nd（Ⅲ） complexes were more active than the corresponding Gd（Ⅲ）, Sm（Ⅲ）, Tb（Ⅲ） complexes and the free ligand on both the cancer cells.

关键词： lanthanide complexes phenylthioacetic acid antimicrobial DNA cleavage anticancer rare earths

Gastrointestinal infection-related disseminated intravascular coagulation mimicking Shiga toxin-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome-implications of classical clinical indexes in making the diagnosis:A case report and literature review

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world Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第13期7卷 1660-1670页

作者： Xiang-Yang Li Yan-Fen Mai Jing Huang pearl Pai Department of Nephrology The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518053 Guangdong Province China Department of Hematology The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518053 Guangdong Province China Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong - Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China

BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia associated with acute kidney injury is a challenging disorder. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a potentially life- or organ-threatening syndrome that can be induced by several disorders or medical interventions. There is overlap between the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and to a lesser extent, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). we describe a case to illustrate the potential diagnostic difficulty, especially at initial presentation. CASE SUMMARY we reported a case of a 44-year-old woman that presented with diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, schistocytes, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and acute kidney injury. while the clinical presentation resembled that of Shiga toxin–induced HUS, the disease course was more consistent with gastrointestinal infection-related DIC. To aid in the accurate diagnosis of TMA and other associated disorders, we have undertaken a review and provided a clear interpretation of some typical biomarkers including schistocytes, LDH and platelet count, coagulation profile and more specific indexes of ADAMTS13, complement profile, and the isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (commonly referred to as STEC). CONCLUSION The use and correct interpretation of classical indexes of schistocyte, LDH, and platelet count is vital in diagnosing TMA and associated disorders. Understanding the characteristics of these biomarkers in the context of thrombocytopenia purpura, HUS and DIC will facilitate the accurate diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate treatment.

关键词： Thrombotic microangiopathy Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Hemolytic uremic syndrome Schistocyte Lactate dehydrogenase Thrombocytopenia Case report

Diplomacy as an Instrument of Cooperation and Good Governance for States

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Diplomacy as an Instrument of Cooperation and Good Governanc...

作者： Laone pearl Selala（龙珠）山东大学

学位级别：硕士

外交是指团体的代表或者国家之间进行谈判的一种行为和实践。它通常涉及到国际外交,通过职业外交家关于缔造和平,贸易,战争,经济,文化,环境和人权问题的说情的国际关系的行为。.国际条约一般情况是通过外交家谈判的,而不是依靠国家政治... 详细信息

外交是指团体的代表或者国家之间进行谈判的一种行为和实践。它通常涉及到国际外交,通过职业外交家关于缔造和平,贸易,战争,经济,文化,环境和人权问题的说情的国际关系的行为。.国际条约一般情况是通过外交家谈判的,而不是依靠国家政治家们的支持。在社会的,或者非正式的角度来看,外交是为获得战略性的优势而精明的雇佣关系,或者为一个共同的挑战寻找成熟可行的解决方法,是在非对抗性的,或者文明行为的语境下的一组声明措辞的工具。尽管有很多关于外交的学术研究,在国际关系语境下的关于外交的研究还存在着很多漏洞。许多学者在阐述关于外交的问题时,所写的文章仍然建立在独立国家的外交政策和关于其他国家的外交的理论基础上。本文旨在为外交概念作为各国良好合作的治理工具提供一个框架。本文重点在于展示外交作为一种合作的工具的重要性,并提供国际环境中关于合作的相关案例。外交被认为是国家间的合作和良好治理的重要工具,是经济制裁,军事力量和具体问题或者其他文书上的谈判之间的牵头或者协调工具。进一步讲,是作为在大多数国家的政府中扮演行政部门的外交部对外政策的制定和执行的连接角色,而大使在控制着其他外交政策的代表机构领域中也被授予权力。这样,在实际情况下,外交是尝试着提供不同工具之间的协调来实现国家之间的合作进程。在本文中,这里引用的“外交”概念不仅包括外交官与其他国家的外交官之间进行的日常活动,也包括政府和非政府组织者事实胜于雄辩的行为。为了这样的目的,本文将重点阐述外交作为国家良好的治理以及国家间的合作的工具作用。本文主要会使用军事和双边外交作为国际领域中促进国家良好的治理和国家间的合作的外交模式。其他模式将会在阐述两种外交模式的异同点时被提及。本文的主题在于检查外交作为国家良好的治理,国际间关于外交关系的具体参考的联盟的工具作用。本文的目的在于检查外交作为国家间谈判的媒介作用。本文的方法是关于外交对国家间因为拥有良好治理的优良模式从而签署协议和共同条约并确立发展关系的影响的理解。本文将进一步确证外交的优势和弱势。在这一方面,相关研究将会帮助确定外交的优势和劣势领域,以及外交关于国际治理和合作问题方面的积极的和消极的影响。这项研究的扩展方法涉及到关于外交对国家间相互不干涉内政的良好治理的结果的影响。通过1961年的国际关系公约,许多国家遵守这项公约,从东半球到南半球,形成了外交关系。这项研究分析了基于世界政治,国家关系和永久和平的方法论基础上的自由主义理论。自由主义的角度包括自由规范在国际政治,尤其是自由国家间的关系的努力。这些规范是通向国际合作和国家的良好治理的向导。社会学家对于社会规范的描述是：管理社会公众行为的准则。尽管这些规范没有纳入正式的社会法律中,但其对社会管理有很大的推动作用。社会规范可以通过正式施行(例如,通过制裁)或者非正式施行(例如,通过肢体语言和非语言的沟通形式),如果某些人不遵从这些社会规范,那么他们会被视为异类,最终导致被整个社会唾弃。意识到那些具体行为被视为“正常”是非常重要的,这个一般需要和社会交际行为所发生文化所属的地域属性联系考虑。功能主义学说的帕森斯认为社会规范对所有社会活动参与者的行为提出了规定。而马克思认为社会规范是为了使不同社会阶层中不同层次的人合理适度表现而形成的产物。马克思相信这种动态的力量为社会秩序提供了条件。这种学说由一个博茨瓦纳外交关系中的案例得到了很好的验证,而且被作为国家之间如何良好合作的例证。本文第五章主要分析博茨瓦纳的外交史和外交政策,以及其如何处理国际事务。而且,文章也将讨论博茨瓦纳在南部非洲发展委员会在南部非洲发展委员会中的外交角色。位于博茨瓦纳的南部非洲委员会总部是在非洲南部地区经济一体化和和平建设的背景下成立的。本文将探讨外交原则对指导国家行为,促进国际合作和国家之间互相协调的重要作用。文中案例主要集中论述了博茨瓦纳和中国的外交关系。案例证明了国家之间的合作不会对其中的某一方的权力或者地位造成限制或超越,与之相反,国家之间良好合作会增加互相之间的理解和友好合作,根本不会互相干涉影响。文章对博茨瓦纳和中国的37年外交关系做了认真研究。这项研究表明,外交手段虽然存在已久,但是在促进国际间合作和优化国家管理方面依旧是重要有力的工具。而且,国家间合作是不论政治体制,文化规范,价值观和其它社会准则的。这项研究表明先关机构在确保国际间友好合作中扮演了不可或缺的角色。这些机构,国际机构,如联合国,局部机构如,南部非洲发展委员会和东盟。外交机构在一战和二战如雨后春笋般蓬勃发展,如分别在1919年和1945年由多国参与的机构的多国联盟和联合国。联合国成立以来,国家之间努力互相合作,并因此形成了体现各国利益的区域组织机构。联合国的目的在于促进国际合作,维护世界和平。博茨瓦纳和中国之间的外交案例是一个很好的例证。

关键词：外交模式双边关系国际合作制度建设