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An automated method for mapping physical soil and water conservation structures on cultivated land using GIS and remote sensing techniques

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第1期27卷 79-94页

作者： Asnake MEKURIAW Andreas HEINIMANN Gete ZELEKE hans hurni Kaspar hurni Natural Resources Management Department Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Geospatial Data and Technology Center Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Center for Development and Environment University of Bern Switzerland Water and Land Resource Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia

An efficient and reliable automated model that can map physical Soil and Water Conservation（SWC） structures on cultivated land was developed using very high spatial resolution imagery obtained from Google Earth and Arc GIS？ERDAS IMAGINE？and SDC Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB and statistical techniques. The model was developed using the following procedures：（1） a high-pass spatial filter algorithm was applied to detect linear features,（2） morphological processing was used to remove unwanted linear features,（3） the raster format was vectorized,（4） the vectorized linear features were split per hectare（ha） and each line was then classified according to its compass directionand（5） the sum of all vector lengths per class of direction per ha was calculated. Finallythe direction class with the greatest length was selected from each ha to predict the physical SWC structures. The model was calibrated and validated on the Ethiopian Highlands. The model correctly mapped 80% of the existing structures. The developed model was then tested at different sites with different topography. The results show that the developed model is feasible for automated mapping of physical SWC structures. Thereforethe model is useful for predicting and mapping physical SWC structures areas across diverse areas.

关键词： physical SWC structure mapping automated mathematical morphology GIS and remote sensing

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Deposition of eroded soil on terraced croplands in Minchet catchment,Ethiopian Highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 212-220页

作者： Alemtsehay Subhatu Tatenda Lemann Kaspar hurni Brigitte Portner Tibebu Kassawmar Gete Zeleke hans hurni Centre for Development and Environment University of BernHallerstrasse 103012 BernSwitzerland Institute of Geography University of BernHallerstrasse 123012 BernSwitzerland Water and Land Resource Centre Diaspora SquareMegenagnaPO Box 3880Addis AbebaEthiopia

In the Ethiopian Highlands,soil and water conservation practices are of utmost importance to conserve eroded soil and combat soil *** study provides detailed results on on-site sediment deposition and net soil loss in terraced croplands in a catchment in the sub-humid Ethiopian *** deposition was measured on horse bean and maize fields during the crop growing seasons of 2014 and *** took place on observation plots on terraced cropland with varying spacing between terraces and varying slope *** soil loss,in this case the amount leaving the terraced cropland,was calculated by modelling the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)for the whole observation field and subtracting the measured sediment *** study result showed about 8–11 t ha^(−1) sediment was deposited in the deposition zone of the terraced cropland,with greater sediment deposition on terraces with narrow spacing and steeper slope *** deposition was highest in July and August,and relatively low in *** soil loss ranged from 32 to 37 t ha^(−1) in the terraced cropland of the study *** the total soil loss in the crop growing season,about 54–74%sediment was deposited on the deposition zone of terraced crop *** of soil and water conservation with narrow spacing,especially on the steep slopes of the sub-humid Ethiopian Highlands or other similar area,are thus highly recommended as they enable conservation of the eroded soil in the cropland.

关键词： Sediment Deposition Soil Loss Soil and Water Conservation Ethiopian Highlands

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Factors influencing the adoption of physical soil and water conservation practices in the Ethiopian highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 23-30页

作者： Asnake Mekuriaw Andreas Heinimann Gete Zeleke hans hurni Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Addis Ababa UniversityPO Box 1739Bahir DarEthiopia Center for Development and Environment University of BernSwitzerland Water and Land Resource Center Addis AbabaEthiopia

Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures have been constructed on cultivated land for nearly 40 years to reduce soil loss and improve crop yields and people's livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands. However, the success of this huge effort has been mixed, and the main constraints have not been investigated in detail. This study was undertaken to identify the factors determining the adoption of SWC structures in the Ethiopian Highlands. Case study areas were selected from high-potential and low-potential areas. Data were collected from 269 farmers using face-to-face interviews, and through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations. Binary logistic regression model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the majority (87%) of the farmers interviewed were using SWC structures. Regionally, nearly all farmers in the low-potential areas and 56% of farmers in the high-potential areas constructed and were maintaining the structures properly. This disparity is due to the fact that in the low-potential areas there have been strong governmental involvement and technical and financial support, and hence the farmers there have a better understanding of the multiple uses of physical SWC structures than do farmers in the high-potential areas. In addition, off-farm activities and free grazing plays a substantial role. We can conclude that clear understanding of the benefits of SWC structures by farmers, active involvement and technical support from the government, and genuine participation of farmers in SWC practices were found to be main factors in the adoption of SWC measures.

关键词： SWC structures Ethiopian highlands High-potential area Low-potential area Adoption

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亚洲和非洲山区自然资源的可持续管理

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人类环境杂志 1999年第5期28卷 382-389页

作者： hans hurni 刘乃隆伯尔尼大学中国地质出版社

由于深化的土地利用,一般较低的经济生产率和综合性,以及日益加速的土地退化和山地灾害,非洲和亚洲的山区和高地对于可持续开发是具有特殊重要性的生态区域。如果能够找到克服土地退化的办法,可持续发展的机遇还是存在的。为谋求温饱而... 详细信息

由于深化的土地利用,一般较低的经济生产率和综合性,以及日益加速的土地退化和山地灾害,非洲和亚洲的山区和高地对于可持续开发是具有特殊重要性的生态区域。如果能够找到克服土地退化的办法,可持续发展的机遇还是存在的。为谋求温饱而从事农业的人口可适当缩减来充实第二、第三产业,保护区可得到更好的管理,这样就能改善边远地区的条件,以一种更为协调的山区平原合作的方式来利用山区水资源,形成一种能更好地处理矛盾的机制。可持续发展研究的重点应该是采取跨行业措施,以制定适宜的技术,改善土地管理体系,而最重要的则是创建强有力的组织机构环境。国际合作是一项重要手段,它可以从地方到区域水平上交流各种成功的经验。

关键词：亚洲非洲山区自然资源可持续管理

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降雨方向与侵蚀、土壤流失及径流之间的关系

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水土保持科技情报 1991年第3期9卷 28-34页

作者： hans hurni 冯新伟

把降雨方向定义为一场暴雨降落方向的平均倾角.这在常规的土壤侵蚀过程研究中,并没有真正监测到.然而,在斜坡表面上降雨方向对降雨侵蚀和径流量会产生影响,根据斜坡裸露的程度也可能对土壤流失和径流量得出不同的结果.在埃塞俄比亚的一... 详细信息

把降雨方向定义为一场暴雨降落方向的平均倾角.这在常规的土壤侵蚀过程研究中,并没有真正监测到.然而,在斜坡表面上降雨方向对降雨侵蚀和径流量会产生影响,根据斜坡裸露的程度也可能对土壤流失和径流量得出不同的结果.在埃塞俄比亚的一个流域中进行了大量调查,可以看出几个世纪以来土壤侵蚀造成的损失可归因于均匀的降雨方向.斜坡坡面正对着降雨方向时其土壤侵蚀的损失要比背对降雨方向时的损失大得多(背风效应).在Wischmeier地区根据暴雨侵蚀数值的常规记录得出了一种简易的理论模型来测定降雨方向的影响.本模型使用四个倾角雨量器来测量和计算暴雨方向的平均数.然后,在野外自然降雨条件下用一个特殊的装置引导雨滴倾斜地连续地流到试验小区,它的野外测数证实了模型的估计.然而,本文中即使将降雨方向的数据包含在侵蚀计算之内,但在测量中得出的侵蚀与土壤流失之间的关系也没得到改善,其原因可能是数据的收集和分析不够准确,同时受到这次试验的暴雨次数所限制.如果用更多的数据加以比较,那么将会获得更好的结果.用这种方法在埃塞俄比亚高地曾收集了五百多次暴雨的土壤流失和降雨倾角的数据,这里就不多介绍了.一般说来,在研究土壤侵蚀过程中用降雨方向测量也是为了气候监测。

关键词：降水土壤侵蚀径流

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