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New technologies in gastrointestinal research

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 129-130页

作者： Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes hans gregersen Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg University Hospital DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

This issue presents different new techniques aiming to increase our understanding of the gastrointestinal system and to improve treatment. The technologies cover selected methods to evoke and assess gut pain, new methods for imaging and physiological measurements, histochemistry, pharmacological modelling etc. There is no doubt that the methods will revolutionize the diagnostic approach in near future.

关键词： Pain Gut Brain Sphincter Imaging Drug

Morphological properties and residual strain along the small intestine in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2002年第2期8卷 312-317页

作者： hans gregersen Biomechanics Lab Centre for Sensory-Motor InteractionAalborg University and Department of surgery AAalborg HospitalDenmark

AIM: Residual stress and strain are important for gastrointestinal function and relate to the geometric configuration, the loading conditions and the zero-stress state of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this project is to provide morphometric data and residual strains for the rat small intestine ( n =11). METHODS: To approach the no-load state, the intestine was surgically excised, transferred to an organ bath and cut transversely into short ring-shaped segments. Each ring was cut radially for obtaining the zero-stress state. The residual stress can be characterised by an opening angle. The strain difference between the zero-stress state and the no-load state is called residual strain. RESULTS: Large morphometric variations were found along the small intestine. The wall thickness was highest in the proximal duodenum and decreased in distal direction along the axis of the small intestine (P<0.001). The circumferential length of the inner and outer surfaces decreased rapidly along the length of duodenum by 30-50% (P<0.001). The wall area and lumen area showed a similar pattern (P<0.001). In zero-stress state the rings always opened up after making the cut. The experiments resulted in larger inner circumferential length and smaller outer circumferential length when compared to the no-load state. The wall thickness and wall area did not differ between the no-load and zero-stress state. The opening angle and tangent rotation angle increased along the length of the duodenum and had its highest value 30% down the intestine. Further down the intestine it decreased again (P<0.001). The serosal residual strain was tensile with the highest value close to the ligament of Treitz (P<0.001). The mucosal residual strain was compressive in all segments of the small intestine with average values between -0.25 and -0.4 and with the lowest values close to the ligament of Treitz (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Axial variation in morphometric properties and residual s

关键词： Animals In Vitro Intestine, Small histology Male Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Stress, Mechanical

Experimental human pain models in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and unexplained chest pain

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2805-2817页

作者： Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Lars Arendt-Nielsen Peter Funch-Jensen hans gregersen Center for Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Department of GastroenterologyAalborg Hospitaland Center for Sensory-Motor InteractionsDepartment of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityDenmark Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L Aarhus HospitalDenmark

Methods related to experimental human pain research aim at activating different nociceptors, evoke pain from different organs and activate specific pathways and mechanisms. The different possibilities for using mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical methods in visceral pain research are discussed with emphasis of combinations (e.g., the multimodal approach). The methods have been used widely in assessment of pain mechanisms in the esophagus and have contributed to our understanding of the symptoms reported in these patients. Hence abnormal activation and plastic changes of central pain pathways seem to play a major role in the symptoms in some patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease and in patients with functional chest pain of esophageal origin. These findings may lead to an alternative approach for treatment in patients that does not respond to conventional medical or surgical therapy.

关键词： Pain Gut Experimental Chest pain Esophagitis

New perspectives of studying gastrointestinal muscle function

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2864-2869页

作者： hans gregersen Donghua Liao Center for Visceral Biomechanics & Pain Aalborg Hospital and the Institute of Health Technology Aalborg University Denmark and Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway Center for Visceral Biomechanics & Pain Aalborg Hospital Aalborg Denmark

The motor function of the gastrointestinal tract has primarily been studied using manometry and radiography, though more indirect tests have also been applied. Manometry and radiography do not provide detailed information about the muscle properties as can be assessed from studies of muscle properties in muscle strips in vitro. In recent years a technique based on impedance planimetric measurement of pressure-cross-sectional area relations in a distending bag has proven to provide more detailed information about the muscle function in vivo. This review shows examples of new muscle function analysis such as length-tension diagrams, forcevelocity curves and preload-afterload diagrams.

关键词： Muscle analysis Length-tension Force Velocity

Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 169-176页

作者： Dong-Hua Liao Jing-Bo Zhao hans gregersen hans gregersen Mech-Sense Aalborg Hospital DK-9100 Aalborg Denmark Institute of Health Technology Aalborg University Denmark Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Gastrointestinal tract Computational modelling Biomechanics Remodelling Disease

The GIOME:Concept and current role in gastrointestinal tract studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第9期13卷 1333-1334页

作者： hans gregersen

The goal of the Physiome Project is to understand and describe the physiology and pathophysiology of the human organism. Multiscale mathematical and computer models are developed within this concept to help understand human health. From its beginning about 15 years ago, most of the focus has been in the cardiac field (the Cardiome project) but other areas are developing as well now.

关键词： Gastroenterology

High shear stress induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation through angiogenesis

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第4期3卷 257-267页

作者： Yi Wang Juhui Qiu Shisui Luo Xiang Xie Yiming Zheng Kang Zhang Zhiyi Ye Wanqian Liu hans gregersen GuixueWang Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China Taiji Group Co LtdChongqing401147China

Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing thrombosis is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic *** of thrombosis is one of the important tasks developing biomedical materials such as intravascular stents and vascular *** stress(SS)influences the formation and development of *** current review focuses on the vulnerable plaques observed in the high shear stress(HSS)regions,which localizes at the proximal region of the plaque intruding into the *** vascular outward remodelling occurs in the HSS region for vascular compensation and that angiogenesis is a critical factor for HSS which induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque *** results greatly challenge the established belief that low shear stress is important for expansive remodelling,which provides a new perspective for preventing the transition of stable plaques to high-risk atherosclerotic lesions.

关键词： high shear stress angiogenesis outward remodelling vulnerable plaque vascular smooth muscle cells

正常大鼠小肠残余应变与小肠各层组织结构的相关关系

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中国生物医学工程学报 2003年第1期22卷 60-64,36页

作者：赵静波窦艳玲庄逢源 hans gregersen 中日友好临床医学研究所北京100029 奥尔堡大学和奥尔堡医院生物力学实验室

小肠消化吸收的正常进行取决于其正常的生理功能和生物力学功能。我们测定和计算了正常大鼠各段小肠 (十二指肠 ,空肠和回肠 )的残余应变及小肠各层的厚度 ,并分析了小肠各段的展开角和残余应变与小肠各层组织结构的相关关系。结果表明 ... 详细信息

小肠消化吸收的正常进行取决于其正常的生理功能和生物力学功能。我们测定和计算了正常大鼠各段小肠 (十二指肠 ,空肠和回肠 )的残余应变及小肠各层的厚度 ,并分析了小肠各段的展开角和残余应变与小肠各层组织结构的相关关系。结果表明 ,各肠段的残余应变在内壁 (粘膜面 )为压应变 (负值 )而在外壁 (浆膜面 )为拉应变 (正值 )。内壁和外壁残余应变的绝对值在十二指肠最大 ,而在回肠最小。相关关系分析表明 ,肠壁残余应变的大小与肠粘膜和粘膜下层的厚度高度相关 ,而与肠壁肌层的厚度无明显相关。本文对研究结果和意义进行了讨论。

关键词：残余应变相关关系小肠大鼠

Multimodal pain stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第16期12卷 2477-2486页

作者： Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes hans gregersen Center for Biomechanics and Pain Department of GastroenterologyAalborg Hospital & Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI)Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark Center for Biomechanics and Pain Department of GastroenterologyAalborg Hospital

Understanding and characterization of pain and other sensory symptoms are among the most important issues in the diagnosis and assessment of patient with gastrointestinal disorders. Methods to evoke and assess experimental pain have recently developed into a new area with the possibility for multimodal stimulation （e.g., electrical, mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation） of different nerves and pain pathways in the human gut. Such methods mimic to a high degree the pain experienced in the clinic. Multimodal pain methods have increased our basic understanding of different peripheral receptors in the gut in health and disease. Together with advanced muscle analysis, the methods have increased our understanding of receptors sensitive to mechanical, chemical and temperature stimuli in diseases, such as systemic sclerosis and diabetes. The methods can also be used to unravel central pain mechanisms, such as those involved in allodynia, hyperalgesia and referred pain. Abnormalities in central pain mechanisms are often seen in patients with chronic gut pain and hence methods relying on multimodal pain stimulation may help to understand the symptoms in these patients. Sex differences have been observed in several diseases of the gut, and differences in central pain processing between males and females have been hypothesized using multimodal pain stimulations. Finally, multimodal methods have recently been used to gain more insight into the effect of drugs against pain in the GI tract. Hence, the multimodal methods undoubtedly represents a major step forward in the future characterization and treatment of patients with various diseases of the gut.

关键词： Pain Gut Experimental Allodynia Hyperalgesia Neurophysiology