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Phosphogypsum Processing for Rare Earths Recovery—A Review

Natural Resources 2019年第9期10卷 325-336页

作者： Xiaosheng Yang Dandara Salvador hannu tapani makkonen Lassi Pakkanen GTK Mintec Geological Survey of Finland Outokumpu Finland Geological Survey of Finland Espoo Finland

As a by-product from the phosphate fertilizer industry Phosphogypsum (PG) was considered a potentially valuable source of the rare earth elements (REEs). Because of trace concentration of REEs in the PG (normally <0.1% wt) and also their tiny and complex occurrence phases the recovery process would be highly challenging in both technology and economy. The studies on occurrences of REEs, REE recovery by physical methods and leaching using different lixiviants such as inorganic acids, H2SO4, HCl and HNO3, and organic chemicals, the effects of mechanical treatment of PG by microwaving and grinding on leaching efficiency of REEs, and resin-in-leach process were reviewed in the paper.

关键词： Phosphogypsum Rare Earth Elements Phases of Rare Earth Elements Acid Leaching

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Textural changes in metallurgical coke prepared with polyethylene

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第10期21卷 969-973页

作者： Stanislav S.Gornostayev Jyrki J.Heino Tommi M.T.Kokkonen hannu T.makkonen Satu M.M.Huttunen Timo M.J.Fabritius Laboratory of Process Metallurgy University of Oulu

The effect of high-density polyethylene （HDPE） on the textural features of experimental coke was investigated using polar- ized-light optical microscopy and wavelet-based image analysis. Metallurgical coke samples were prepared in a laboratory-scale furnace with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5% HDPE by mass, and one sample was prepared by 100% coal. The amounts and distribution of textures （isotropic, mosaic and banded） and por^s were obtained. The calculations reveal that the addition of HDPE results in a decrease of mosaic texture and an increase of isotropic texture. Ethylene formed from the decomposition of HDPE is considered as a probable reason for the texture modifications. The approach used in this study can be applied to indirect evaluation for the reactivity and strength of coke.

关键词： metallurgical coke texture image analysis polyethylene

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