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Associated mortality risk of atypical antipsychotic medication in individuals with dementia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 298-307页

作者： Peter Phiri Tomas Engelthaler hannah Carr Gayathri Delanerolle Clive Holmes Shanaya Rathod Research&Innovation Department Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom Oxford Centre for Innovation Akrivia HealthOxford OX1 BYUnited Kingdom Department of Psychology University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of OxfordOxford OX26GGUnited Kingdom Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom Research&Innovation Department Memory Assessment&Research CentreSouthern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Antipsychotic medications such as risperidone,olanzapine and aripiprazole are used to treat psychological and behavioural symptoms among dementia *** evidence indicate prescription rates for antipsychotics vary and wider consensus to evaluate clinical epidemiological outcomes is *** To investigate the potential impact of atypical antipsychotics on the mortality of patients with *** A retrospective clinical cohort study was developed to review United Kingdom Clinical Record Interactive Search system based data between January 1,2013 to December 31,2017.A descriptive statistical method was used to analyse the *** Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores were used to assess the severity and stage of disease progression.A cox proportional hazards model was developed to evaluate the relationship between survival following diagnosis and other *** A total of 1692 patients were identified using natural language processing of which,587 were prescribed olanzapine,quetiapine or risperidone(common group)whilst 893(control group)were not prescribed any *** prescribed olanzapine showed an increased risk of death[hazard ratio(HR)=1.32;95%confidence interval(CI):1.08-1.60;Pficant association(HR=1.09;95%CI:0.90-1.34;P=0.38).factors associated with a lower risk of death were:High MMSE score at diagnosis(HR=0.72;95%CI:0.62-0.83;Pfying as female(HR=0.73;95%CI:0.64-0.82;Pf a White-British ethnic group(HR=0.82;95%CI:0.72-0.94;Pficant mortality risk was identified among those prescribed olanzapine and risperidone which contradicts previous findings although the study designs used were *** research should be conducted to better assess clinical epidemiological outcomes associated with diagnosis and therapies to improve c

关键词： Dementia Antipsychotics Mortality Vascular Alzheimer’s disease frontotemporal dementia Lewy bodies Parkinson’s and mixed

Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2341-2352页

作者： Byungchang Jin Rajan Singh Se Eun Ha hannah Zogg Paul J Park Seungil Ro Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada School of MedicineRenoNV 89557United States Department of Medicine Renown HealthRenoNV 89557United States

Gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms,such as diarrhea,abdominal pain,vomiting,and anorexia,are frequently observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these GI symptoms to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections remain *** studies indicate that the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into intestinal cells leads to downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptors resulting in impaired barrier *** intestinal ACE2 functions as a chaperone for the amino acid transporter B0AT1,the B0AT1/ACE2 complex within the intestinal epithelium acts as a regulator of gut microbiota composition and *** to the B0AT1/ACE2 complex lead to microbial dysbiosis through increased local and systemic immune *** studies have also suggested that altered serotonin metabolism may be the underlying cause of GI disorders involving *** findings of elevated plasma serotonin levels and high fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients with diarrhea indicate that the viral infection evokes a systemic inflammatory response that specifically involves the ***,the elevated proinflammatory cytokines correlate with elevated serotonin and fecal calprotectin levels further supporting the evidence of GI inflammation,a hallmark of functional GI ***,the finding that rectal swabs of COVID-19 patients remain positive for SARS-CoV-2 even after the nasopharynx clears the virus,suggests that viral replication and shedding from the GI tract may be more robust than that of the respiratory tract,further indicating fecal-oral transmission as another important route of viral *** review summarized the evidence for pathophysiological mechanisms(impaired barrier function,gut inflammation,altered serotonin metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis)underlying the GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota dysbiosis Impaired barrier function Serotonin Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor

Visualizing the importance of oxide-metal phase transitions in the production of synthesis gas over Ni catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第11期29卷 178-186页

作者： Luis Sandoval-Diaz Milivoj Plodinec Danail Ivanov Stephane Poitel Adnan Hammud hannah C.Nerl Robert Schldgl Thomas Lunkenbein Department of Inorganic Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4-614195 BerlinGermany Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory School of Basic SciencesEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion StiftstraJSe 34-3645470 Miihlheim a.d.RuhrGermany

Synthesis gas, composed of H2 and CO, is an important fuel which serves as feedstock for industrially relevant processes, such as methanol or ammonia synthesis. The efficiency of these reactions depends on the H2: CO ratio, which can be controlled by a careful choice of reactants and catalyst surface ***, using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM) and online mass spectrometry, direct visualization of the surface chemistry of a Ni catalyst during the production of synthesis gas was achieved for the first time. The insertion of a homebuilt quartz tube reactor in the modified ESEM chamber was key to success of the setup. The nature of chemical dynamics was revealed in the form of reversible oxide-metal phase transitions and surface transformations which occurred on the performing catalyst. The oxide-metal phase transitions were found to control the production of synthesis gas in the temperature regime between 700 and 900 ℃ in an atmosphere relevant for dry reforming of methane(DRM, CO2: CH4=0.75). This was confirmed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and C18O2 labelled *** dedicated operando approach of simultaneously studying the surface processes of a catalyst and its activity allowed to uncover how phase transitions can steer catalytic reactions.

关键词： Dry reforming of methane Partial oxidation of methane Environmental scanning electron microscopy Synthesis gas Operando

Next generation per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances:Status and trends,aquatic toxicity,and risk assessment

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第2期1卷 117-131页

作者： hannah Mahoney Yuwei Xie Markus Brinkmann John P.Giesy Toxicology Center University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 5B3Canada School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 5C8Canada Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 3H5Canada Centre for Hydrology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 1K2Canada Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Department of Environmental Science Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA

Widespread application of poly-and per-fluoroalkyl substances(PfAS)has resulted in some substances being ubiquitous in environmental *** and their resistance to degradation have allowed them to accumulate in wildlife and humans with potential for toxic *** specific substances of concern have been phased-out or banned,other PfAS that are emerging as alternative substances are still produced and are being released into the *** review focuses on describing three emerging,replacement PfAS:perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulphonate(PfECHS),6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate(6:2 Cl-PfAES),and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(HfPO-DA).By summarizing their physicochemical properties,environmental fate and transport,and toxic potencies in comparison to other PfAS compounds,this review offers insight into the viabilities of these chemicals as replacement *** the chemical scoring and ranking assessment model,the relative hazards,uncertainties,and data gaps for each chemical were quantified and related to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PfOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PfOA)based on their chemical and uncertainty *** substances were ranked PfOS>6:2 Cl-PfAES>PfOA>HfPO-DA>PfECHS according to their potential toxicity and PfECHS>HfPO-DA>6:2 Cl-PfAES>PfOS>PfOA according to their need for future *** future uses of PfAS remain uncertain in the face of governmental regulations and production bans,replacement PfAS will continue to emerge on the world market and in the environment,raising concerns about their general lack of information on mechanisms and toxic potencies.

关键词： PfAS Replacement PfAS Emerging contaminants Aquatic toxicity Chemical scoring

The Role of Education in fostering Peace and Unity in Nigeria Between 1914 and 1938

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History Research 2015年第3期5卷 156-168页

作者： hannah Okediji Ministry of Education Secretariat Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria

As the world marks the centenary of the outbreak of the first World War and Nigeria celebrates the centenary of the amalgamation of the northern and southern Protectorates of 1 st January 1914, when Nigeria became a nation, it is pertinent to examine the contribution of education to fostering peace and unity in the post War era in Nigeria, from 1914 to 1938. Through historical research this project analyzes primary and secondary sources such as journals, publications, textbooks and internet materials. The findings of the study revealed that Nigeria, like other participating British colonial territories felt the impact of the first World which began in Europe in 1914 and ended in 1918. Much of the fighting took place among the central powers. In 1917, the USA joined the war against Germany as a consequence of her submarine activities and intrigues in Mexico. The War had a negative political, economic and social impact on all nations, leading to the peace conference in Paris and the treaty of Versailles in June 1919. Nigeria played a very vital role in the drive to achieve this by providing military training as well as a training in citizenship for democracy and political leadership. A culture of peace, education and non-violence has been the norm in Nigeria since the post-war period. The aims of the paper therefore are to understand the state and the role of education during the war and post-war period in Nigeria, to analyze the role of education in fostering peace in the education and to recommend ways of maintaining peace in the education sector in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended in this paper that the Nigerian Educational Research Development Council, should formulate policies that will bring cohesion with a bid to balancing the gap between the North and the South, that Labour Unions should resolve issues with government on a round table conference and not through violence and strike actions i.e. the Nigeria Union of Teachers, government should not mix educat

关键词： role education development fostering peace unity

Evaluating newer generation intraocular lens calculation formulas in manual versus femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第8期14卷 1174-1178页

作者： Harrish Nithianandan Soumya Sharma Eric S.Tam hannah Chiu Rajiv Maini Sohel Somani Department of Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences McGill UniversityMontreal H4A 3S5Canada Ryerson University TorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada Department of Ophthalmology University of TorontoToronto M5T 3A9Canada Uptown Eye Specialists VaughanOntario L4K 2Z5Canada William Osler Health System BramptonOntario L6R 3J7Canada

AIM:To determine the refractive accuracy of the Haigis,Barrett Universal II(Barrett),and Hill-radial basis function 2.0(Hill-RBf)intraocular lens(IOL)power calculations formulas in eyes undergoing manual cataract surgery(MCS)and refractive femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(Re LACS).METHODS:This was a REB-approved,retrospective interventional comparative case series of 158 eyes of 158 patients who had preoperative biometry completed using the IOL Master 700 and underwent implantation of a Tecnis IOL following uncomplicated cataract surgery using either MCS or *** spherical equivalence(SE)was predicted using the Haigis,Barrett,and Hill-RBf *** older generation formula(Hoffer Q)was included in the *** refractive error(ME)was calculated one month *** lens factors of all formulas were retrospectively optimized to set the ME to 0 for each formula across all *** median absolute errors(MedAE)and the proportion of eyes achieving an absolute error(AE)within 0.5 diopters(D)were compared between the two formulas among MCS and ReLACS eyes,***:Of the 158 eyes studied,64 eyes underwent MCS and 94 eyes underwent *** MCS eyes,the MedAE did not differ between the formulas(P=0.59),however among ReLACS eyes,Barrett and Hill-RBf were more accurate(P=0.001).Barrett and Hill-RBf were both more likely to yield AEf formula lead to greater refractive accuracy and likelihood of refractive success when compare to Haigis in eyes undergoing Re LACS.

关键词： phacoemulsification cataract femtosecond laser intraocular lens

TBtools: An Integrative Toolkit Developed for Interactive Analyses of Big Biological Data

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Molecular Plant 2020年第8期13卷 1194-1202页

作者： Chengjie Chen Hao Chen Yi Zhang hannah R.Thomas Margaret H.frank Yehua He Rui Xia State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China College of Horticulture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Oilseed Crops Institute Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing techniques has led biology into the big-data *** analyses using various bioinformatics tools rely on programming and command-line environments,which are challenging and time-consuming for most wet-lab ***,we present TBtools(a Toolkit for Biologists integrating various biological data-handling tools),a stand-alone software with a userfriendly *** toolkit incorporates over 130 functions,which are designed to meet the increasing demand for big-data analyses,ranging from bulk sequence processing to interactive data visualization.A wide variety of graphs can be prepared in TBtools using a new plotting engine("JIGplot")developed to maximize their interactive ability;this engine allows quick point-and-click modification of almost every graphic *** is platform-independent software that can be run under all operating systems with Java Runtime Environment 1.6 or *** is freely available to non-commercial users at https://***/CJ-Chen/TBtools/releases.

关键词： TBtools bioinformatics big data data visulization gene family

The Relevance of Sports to the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1904 Till Date

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History Research 2015年第3期5卷 188-196页

作者： hannah Okediji Ministry of Education Secretariat Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria

Sporting activities have been part of the culture, customs and natural living of man; they have direct relationship with plans, purposes and goals of human beings. Sports have existed with education since primitive times, when man developed skills like hunting, handling of weapons, tests of strength, endurance and courage. This paper examines the relevance of sporting activities to the development of education in Nigeria, since colonial era- 1904 till date. Sports like football, soccer, badminton, handball, volleyball, tennis, swimming and athletics have corroborated teaching and learning activities at all levels of education be it informal, formal and non formal education in Nigeria. Historical research methodology in education was used to carry out and analyze data for this paper using archival materials and oral interviews as primary sources while textbooks, journals and internet materials were used as secondary sources. The main focuses of the paper are＂ to examine the concepts of sports an6 education, the place of sports in the educational policy and curriculum in Nigeria, advantages of sports to education and nation building, challenges of sports in education and offer suggestions for the improvement of sports and education in Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that; sports was formally introduced into educational curriculum in Nigeria as physical education in 1904 by the British administration, sports promotes physical health and fitness, recreational activities, relaxation prestige, economic status, identifies talents, abilities, impart skills, encourage socio-cultural relationship which enhances unity among the populace. The forum to benefit from sports usually come at grassroots, school inter-house sports, and inter-schools competitions and association forum. Challenges of sports include inadequate funding, mismanagement of funds, lack of integrity, inadequate personnel, dwindling infrastructural and sporting facilities, inadequate training and me

关键词： relevance sports development education

Proinflammatory cytokine TNfα promotes HPV-associated oral carcinogenesis by increasing cancer stemness

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第1期12卷 40-49页

作者： hannah SHong Jonathan Akhavan Sung Hee Lee Reuben HKim Mo KKang No-Hee Park Ki-Hyuk Shin The Shapiro family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Los AngelesCAUSA Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA

High-risk human papillomaviruses(HPVs) are involved in the development of several human cancers, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. However, many studies have demonstrated that HPV alone is not sufficient for the oncogenic transformation of normal human epithelial cells, indicating that additional cofactors are required for the oncogenic conversion of HPV-infected cells. Inasmuch as chronic inflammation is also closely associated with carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor α(TNfα), the major proinflammatory cytokine, on oncogenesis in two immortalized oral keratinocyte cell lines, namely, HPV16-immortalized and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(h TERT)-immortalized cells. TNfαtreatment led to the acquisition of malignant growth properties in HPV16-immortalized cells, such as(1) calcium resistance,(2)anchorage independence, and(3) increased cell proliferation in vivo. Moreover, TNfα increased the cancer stem cell-like population and stemness phenotype in HPV16-immortalized cells. However, such transforming effects were not observed in h TERTimmortalized cells, suggesting an HPV-specific role in TNfα-promoted oncogenesis. We also generated h TERT-immortalized cells that express HPV16 E6 and E7. Chronic TNfα exposure successfully induced the malignant growth and stemness phenotype in the E6-expressing cells but not in the control and E7-expressing cells. We further demonstrated that HPV16 E6 played a key role in TNfα-induced cancer stemness via suppression of the stemness-inhibiting micro RNAs mi R-203 and mi R-200 c. Overexpression of mi R-203 and mi R-200 c suppressed cancer stemness in TNfα-treated HPV16-immortalized cells. Overall, our study suggests that chronic inflammation promotes cancer stemness in HPV-infected cells, thereby promoting HPV-associated oral carcinogenesis.

关键词： carcinogenesis cytokine cancer