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Basic Study Impact of stimulant medication on behaviour and executive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第1期11卷 48-60页

作者： Tasmia Hai hanna a duffy Julie Anne Lemay Jean François Lemay Werklund School of Education University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Paediatrics Alberta Children's Hospital/Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T3B 6A8Canada

BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)often exhibit behaviour challenges and deficits in executive functions(EF).Psychostimulant medications[e.g.,methylphenidate(MPH)]are commonly prescribed for children with ADHD and are considered effective in 70%of the ***,only a handful of studies have investigated the long-term impact of MPH medication on EF and *** To evaluate behaviour and EF challenges in children with ADHD who were involved in an MPH treatment trial across three-time *** Thirty-seven children with ADHD completed a stimulant medication trial to study the short-and long-term impact of *** with ADHD completed three neuropsychological assessments[Continuous Performance Test(CPT)-II,Digit Span Backwards and Spatial Span Backwards].Parents of children with ADHD completed behaviour rating scales[Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning(BRIEF)and Behaviour Assessment System for Children-Second Edition(BASC-2)].Participants were evaluated at:(1)Baseline(no medication);and(2)Best-dose(BD;following four-week MPH treatment).Additionally,18 participants returned for a long-term naturalistic follow up(FU;up to two years following BD).RESULTS Repeated measure analyses of variance found significant effects of time on two subscales of BRIEF and four subscales of *** assessments showed some improvement,but not on all tasks following the medication *** improvements did not sustain at FU,with increases in EF and behaviour challenges,and a decline in performance on the CPT-II task being *** Parents of children with ADHD reported improvements in EF and behaviours during the MPH trial but were not sustained at *** screening tools and neuropsychological assessments may be useful for monitoring medication responses.

关键词： Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder Behaviour Executive functions Stimulant medications

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Computer-based Creativity Enhanced Conceptual Design Model for Non-routine Design of Mechanical Systems

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第6期27卷 1083-1098页

作者： LI Yutong WANG Yuxin duffy Alex H B Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering China University of Petroleum Design Manufacture and Engineering ManagementUniversity of Strathclyde

Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（FBS） model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model（CECD） for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions（BOA）, and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.

关键词： conceptual design non-routine design creative enhance model computer-based approach mathematical expression

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Investigation of a ship resonance through numerical simulation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第5期32卷 969-983页

作者： S.S.Kianejad Hossein Enshaei Jonathan duffy Nazanin Ansarifard Australian Maritime College University of TasmaniaLauncestonAustralia

Understanding dynamic stability of a ship on a resonance frequency is important because comparatively smaller external forces and moments generate larger *** roll motion is most susceptible because of smaller restoring *** studies related to the failure modes such as parametric roll and dead ship condition,identified by second generation of intact stability criteria(SGISC)are performed at a resonance ***,the nature of resonance,where the model experiences an incremental roll motion,has not been well *** this study,nonlinear unsteady computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were conducted to investigate the resonance phenomenon using a containership under a sinusoidal roll exciting *** capture the complexity of the phenomenon,simulations were conducted over a range of frequencies to cover the resonance frequency including lower and higher *** addition to the resonance frequency,the phase shift between roll exciting moment and roll angle,as well as the phase difference between acceleration and roll angle,were found to have significant effects on the occurrence of resonance.

关键词： Resonance harmonic excited roll motion natural frequency phase shift phase difference

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Update on obesity surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3196-3203页

作者： Dan Eisenberg Andrew J duffy Robert L Bell Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3A New HavenCT 06510United States

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. With more than 30 million Americans clinically obese, the younger population has also been affected. Surgical therapy should be offered to the severely obese patient who is refractory to nonsurgical therapy, as established by the 1991 NIH Consensus Conference on Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity. Surgery is currently the most effective therapy for weight loss. It is far more effective than any other treatment modality, both in terms of the amount of weight loss and in terms of durability in maintaining weight loss.

关键词： Obesity Gastrointestinal surgery Roux-Y gastric bypass

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Controversies in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3155-3161页

作者： Kurt E Roberts Andrew J duffy Robert L Bell Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3 ANew HavenCT 06510United States

The immense success of laparoscopic surgery as an effective treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） and achalasia has established minimal invasive surgery as the gold standard for these two conditions with lower morbidity and mortality, shorter hospital stay, faster convalescence, and less postoperative pain. One controversy in the treatment of GERD evolves around laparoscopic antireflux surgery （LAP, S） as the preferred treatmerit for Barrett＇s esophagus and the procedure＇s potential to reduce the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. GERD has also been associated with respiratory symptoms, asthma and laryngeal injury, and a second controversy prompts discussions about whether total or partial fundoplication is the more appropriate treatment for GERD. A new and promising alternative in the treatment of GERD is endoluminal therapy. Three types of this new treatment option will be discussed： radiofrequency energy delivered to the lower esophageal sphincter, the creation of a mechanical barrier at the gastroesophageal junction, and the direct endoscopic tightening of the lower esophageal sphincter. Laparoscopic surgery is discussed not only as a very effective treatment for GERD but also as permanent cure for achalasia. This review analyzes the three most important treatment options for achalasia： medications, pneumatic dilatation, and surgical therapy. Medications as the only true non-invasive option in the treatment of achalasia are not as effective as LAPS because of their short half-life and variable absorption due to the poor esophageal emptying. The second treatment option, pneumatic dilatation, involves the stretching of the lower esophagus and is still considered the most effective nonsurgical treatment for achalasia. Finally, surgical therapy for achalasia and the two major controversies concerning this laparoscopic treatment are discussed. The first involves the extent to which the myotomy is extended onto the stomach, and the second concer

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Nissen Toupet Fundoplication Achalasia Heller myotomy

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Evolution of surgical skills training

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3219-3224页

作者： Kurt E Roberts Robert L Bell Andrew J duffy Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple StreetSuite 3ANew HavenCT 06510United Staets

Surgical training is changing： one hundred years of tradition is being challenged by legal and ethical concerns for patient safety, work hours restrictions, the cost of operating room time, and complications. Surgical simulation and skills training offers an opportunity to teach and practice advanced skills outside of the operating room environment before attempting them on living patients. Simulation training can be as straight forward as using real instruments and video equipment to manipulate simulated ＂tissue＂ in a box trainer. More advanced, virtual reality simulators are now available and ready for widespread use. Early systems have demonstrated their effectiveness and discriminative ability. Newer systems enable the development of comprehensive curricula and full procedural simulations. The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education＇s （ACGME） has mandated the development of novel methods of training and evaluation. Surgical organizations are calling for methods to ensure the maintenance of skills, advance surgical training, and to credential surgeons as technically competent. Simulators in their current form have been demonstrated to improve the operating room performance of surgical residents. Development of standardized training curricula remains an urgent and important agenda, particularly for minimal invasive surgery. An innovative and progressive approach, borrowing experiences from the field of aviation, can provide the foundation for the next century of surgical training, ensuring the quality of the product. As the technology develops, the way we practice will continue to evolve, to the benefit of physicians and patients.

关键词： Surgery Training Certification Skills Simulation Curriculum

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Choledocholithiasis: Evolving standards for diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3162-3167页

作者： Marilee L Freitas Robert L Bell Andrew J duffy Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple StreetSuite 3 ANew HavenCT 06510United States

Cholelithiasis, one of the most common medical conditions leading to surgical intervention, affects approximately 10 % of the adult population in the United States. Choledocholithiasis develops in about 10%-20% of patients with gallbladder stones and the literature suggests that at least 3%-10% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy will have common bile duct （CBD） stones. CBD stones may be discovered preoperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively Multiple modalities are available for assessing patients for choledocholithiasis including laboratory tests, ultrasound, computed tomography scans （CT）, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP）. Intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy can be used routinely or selectively to diagnose CBD stones. The most common intervention for CBD stones is ERCP. Other commonly used interventions include intraoperative bile duct exploration, either laparoscopic or open. Percutaneous, transhepatic stone removal other novel techniques of biliary clearance have been devised. The availability, of equipment and skilled practitioners who are facile with these techniques varies among institutions. The timing of the intervention is olden dictated by the clinical situation.

关键词： Choledocholithiasis Laparoscopy Diagnosis Treatment Cholangiogram

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Measuring Mental Workload Using ERPs Based on FIR,ICA,and MARA

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第5期41卷 781-794页

作者： Yu Sun Yi Ding Junyi Jiang Vincent G.duffy Business School Shenyang UniversityShenyang110044China School of Economics and Management Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu241000China Center for Science Communication and Achievement Transformation National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing100085China School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

Mental workload is considered to be strongly linked to human performance,and the ability to measure it accurately is key for balancing human health and *** this study,brain signals were elicited by mental arithmetic tasks of varying difficulty to stimulate different levels of mental *** addition,a finite impulse response(FIR)filter,independent component analysis(ICA),and multiple artifact rejection algorithms(MARAs)were used to filter event-related potentials(ERPs).Then,the data consisting of ERPs,subjective ratings of mental workload,and task performance,were analyzed through the use of variance and Spearman’s correlation during a simulated computer *** found that participants responded faster and performed better in the easy task condition,followed by the medium and high-difficulty conditions,which verifies the validity of the ERP ***,larger P2 and P3 waveforms were evoked as the task difficulty increased,and a higher task difficulty elicited a more enhanced *** analysis revealed a negative relationship between the amplitude of P3 and the subjective ratings,and a positive relationship between the P3 amplitude and *** results presented in this paper demonstrate that a combination of FIR,ICA,and MARA methods can filter ERPs in the non-invasive real-time measurement of ***,frontocentral P2,N3,and parietal P3 components showed differences between *** proposed measurement of mental workload can be useful for real-time identification of mental states and can be applied to human-computer interaction in the future.

关键词： Mental workload event-related potentials finite impulse response filter independent component analysis multiple artifact rejection algorithms

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Biomarkers of Aging: Changes in Circadian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic Output

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 182-191页

作者： PETER H.duffy RITCHIE J.FEUERS Food and Drug Administration Natiomd Center Jbr Toxicological Research JeffersonFood and Drug Administration Natiomd Center Jbr Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079 To whom correspondence should be addressedArkansas 72079

Twenty-four hour (circadian) rhythmicity is an important component of biological variability associated with studies relating to biomarkers of aging. Chronobiological testing techniques must be utilized because (1) many variables that are related to the modulation of metabolic output vary dramatically at different times of the day; (2) various experimental variable and treatment groups must be synchronized with environmental cues that control circadian rhythms; and (3) multiple circadian variables may interact together to modulate the rate of aging. The rhythm for physiological factors such as whole animal metabolic output, body temperature, heart rate, urine flow, potassium, etc. were found to be dissociated or altered by the senescence process; behavioral variables such as spontaneous activity, wheel running, feeding and drinking, verbal performance, as well as sleep-wakefulness rhythms, seem to be accurate predictors of biological age. Circadian rhythms for a variety of enzymes of intermediary metabolism which are directly associated with energy metabolism have been well documented. These well-defined rhythms of enzyme activity have also been shown to degenerate with aging. Rhythms tend to lose amplitude as activity falls with age and as a general loss of regulation (especially time of day where maximal activity might be found) of activity across the 24-h span occurs. As with behavioral variables, changes in enzyme rhythms appear to accurately predict aging. Generally speaking, the loss of temporal organization with age, characterized by decreased circadian amplitude, loose internal synchronization, and poor response to external environmental time queues, is associated with poor health states and decreased longevity. Temporal rhythms for whole animal parameters are highly correlated with molecular events, such as regulation of cellular metabolism. DNA repair, and gene expression. Automated data acquisition and process control systems will be required for future C

关键词： Biomarkers of Aging Changes in Circadian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic Output

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Financial instrument pricing using C++ / Daniel J duffy.

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2005年

作者： duffy Daniel J.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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