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Experimental study on the activation of coal gasification fly ash from industrial CFB gasifiers

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 8-18页

作者： Qiyao Yang Xiaobin Qi Qinggang lyu Zhiping Zhu North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal Flexible Combustion and Thermal Conversion Datong 037000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Coal Clean Efficient Combustion and GasificationDatong 037000China

Coal gasification fly ash(CGFA)is an industrial solid waste from the coal circulating fluidized bed(CFB)gasification process,and it needs to be effectively disposed to achieve sustainable development of the *** realize the application of CGFA as a precursor of porous carbon materials,the physicochemical properties of three kinds of CGFA from industrial CFB gasifiers are ***,the activation potential of CGFA is acquired via steam activation experiments in a tube furnace ***,the fluidization activation technology of CGFA is practiced in a bench-scale CFB test rig,and its advantages are *** results show that CGFA is characterized by a high carbon content in the range of 54.06%–74.09%,an ultrafine particle size(d50:16.3–26.1 μm),and a relatively developed pore structure(specific surface area SSA:139.29–551.97 m^(2)·g^(-1)).The proportion of micropores in CGFA increases gradually with the coal *** activation experiments show that the pore development of CGFA mainly includes three stages:initial pore development,dynamic equilibrium between micropores and mesopores and pore *** SSA of lignite fly ash(LFA),subbituminous fly ash(SBFA)and anthracite fly ash(AFA)is maximally increased by 105%,13%and 72%after steam activation;the order of the largest carbon reaction rate and decomposition ratio of steam among the three kinds of CGFA is SBFA>LFA>*** the ratio of oxygen to carbon during the fluidization activation of LFA is from 0.09 to 0.19,the carbon conversion ratio increases from 14.4%to 26.8%and the cold gas efficiency increases from 6.8%to 10.2%.The SSA of LFA increases by up to 53.9%during the fluidization activation process,which is mainly due to the mesoporous *** to steam activation in a tube furnace reactor,fluidization activation takes an extremely short time(seconds)to achieve the same activation *** is expected to further improve the activation effect of LFA by regulating the carbo

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed Coal gasification fly ash Steam activation Pore structure evolution Fluidization activation

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Short-time maritime target detection based on polarization scattering characteristics

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 55-64页

作者： CHEN Shichao LUO Feng TIAN Min lyu Wanghan College of Computer and Information Engineering(College of Artificial Intelligence) Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Hangzhou Institute of Technology Xidian UniversityHangzhou 311200China

In this paper,a detection method combining Cameron decomposition based on polarization scattering characteristics in sea clutter background is ***,the Cameron decomposition is exploited to fuse the radar echoes of full polarization channels at the data *** to the artificial material structure on the surface of the target,it can be shown that the non-reciprocity of the target cell is stronger than that of the clutter ***,based on the analysis of the decomposition results,a new feature with scattering geometry characteristics in polarization domain,denoted as Cameron polarization decomposition scattering weight(CPD-SW),is extracted as the test statistic,which can achieve more detailed descriptions of the clutter scattering characteristics utilizing the difference between their scattering ***,the superiority of the proposed CPD-SW detector over traditional detectors in improving detection performance is verified by the IPIX measured dataset,which has strong stability under short-time observation in threshold detection and can also improve the separability of feature space zin anomaly detection.

关键词： sea clutter small target radar detection Cameron decomposition characteristics analysis

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Effects of Co-Firing Biomass and Pulverized Coal on NO Reduction in Cement Precalciner

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 751-760页

作者： LI Pengpeng REN Qiangqiang lyu Qinggang WANG Mingyue School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

With increased awareness of the large-scale CO_(2) emissions from the cement industry,there has been growing focus on greenhouse gas reduction *** all these strategies,fuel substitution using biomass fuel is extensively used to achieve CO_(2) zero-emission in cement *** to the avoidable high-temperature-generated thermal nitrogen oxides during cement production,research on the impact of biomass application on nitrogen oxide emissions shall be carried *** types of biomass fuel and bituminous coal were used to investigate the NO reduction characteristics under different O_(2) concentrations on experimental *** was found that the change in oxygen concentration from 9% to 1% increased the reaction time in the reactor from 555 s to 1425 s,which means the increase in oxygen concentration can lead to shorter reaction time,and correspondingly,the existing time of nitric oxide in the flue gas is also shortened,but the peak value of nitric oxide rises,during the process of O_(2) concentration changing from 1% to 9%,the peak NO concentration in the flue gas increased from 5.4×10^(-5) to 1.05×10^(-4).An increase in O_(2) concentration greatly reduces the total reduction of NO and the minimum change in NO *** peak NO concentration during the combustion process of corn stalk is 4.56×10^(-4),which is approximately 7 times higher than that of coal,and it is caused by the high amount of N in corn *** addition of raw meal has an inhibitory effect on the reduction of NO:after adding raw meal,the effective reduction time of NO by fuel decreased by about 20%,but adding raw meal raises CO_(2) concentration of fuel gas in the early stage of reaction.

关键词： cement precalciner biomass fuel coal NO reduction co-firing

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Efficient unequal error protection for online fountain codes

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 286-293页

作者： SHI Pengcheng WANG Zhenyong LI Dezhi lyu Haibo School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology Shenzhen 518057China

In this paper,an efficient unequal error protection(UEP)scheme for online fountain codes is *** the buildup phase,the traversing-selection strategy is proposed to select the most important symbols(MIS).Then,in the completion phase,the weighted-selection strategy is applied to provide low *** performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with the existing UEP online fountain *** results show that in terms of MIS and the least important symbols(LIS),when the bit error ratio is 10-4,the proposed scheme can achieve 85%and 31.58%overhead reduction,respectively.

关键词： online fountain code random graph unequal error protection(UEP) rateless code

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Process synthesis for the separation of coal-to-ethanol products

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 263-278页

作者： Qingping Qu Daoyan Liu Hao lyu Jinsheng Sun School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Nansha 511400China

The coal-to-ethanol process,as the clean coal utilization,faces challenges from the energy-intensive distillation that separates multi-component effluents for pure *** to at least eight columns,the synthesis of the ethanol distillation system is impracticable for exhaustive comparison and difficult for conventional superstructure-based optimization as rigorous models are *** work adopts a superstructure-based framework,which combines the strategy that adaptively selects branches of the state-equipment network and the parallel stochastic algorithm for process ***-performance computing significantly reduces time consumption,and the adaptive strategy substantially lowers the complexity of the superstructure ***,parallel computing,elite search,population redistribution,and retention strategies for irrelevant parameters are used to improve the optimization efficiency *** optimization terminates after 3000 generations,providing a flowsheet solution that applies two non-sharp splitting options in its distillation *** a result,the 59-dimension superstructure-based optimization was solved efficiently via a differential evolution algorithm,and a high-quality solution with a 28.34%lower total annual cost than the benchmark was ***,the solution of the superstructure-based optimization is comparable to that obtained by optimizing a single specific configuration one by *** indicates that the superstructure-based optimization that combines the adaptive strategy can be a promising approach to handling the process synthesis of large-scale and complex chemical processes.

关键词： Coal-to-ethanol Process synthesis Superstructure-based optimization Differential evolution algorithm Distillation

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Numerical study on the cavity dynamics for vertical water entries of twin spheres

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 459-472页

作者： Xu Wang Xujian lyu Ruisheng Sun Dongdong Tang School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment Shanghai200240China

In this study, a three dimensional(3D) numerical model of six-degrees-of-freedom(6DOF) is applied to simulate the water entries of twin spheres side-by-side at different lateral distances and time *** turbulence structure is described using the shear-stress transport k-ω(SST k-ω) model, and the volume of fluid(VOF) method is used to track the complex air-liquid interface. The motion of spheres during water entry is simulated using an independent overset grid. The numerical model is verified by comparing the cavity evolution results from simulations and experiments. Numerical results reveal that the time interval between the twin water entries evidently affects cavity expansion and contraction behaviors in the radial direction. However, this influence is significantly weakened by increasing the lateral distance between the two spheres. In synchronous water entries, pressure is reduced on the midline of two cavities during surface closure, which is directly related to the cavity volume. The evolution of vortexes inside the two cavities is analyzed using a velocity vector field, which is affected by the lateral distance and time interval of water entries.

关键词： Twin water entries Side-by-side Cavity Numerical simulation

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Adaptation of Ocular Opponency Neurons Mediates Attention-Induced Ocular Dominance Plasticity

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第3期40卷 339-349页

作者： Fangxing Song Lili lyu Min Bao CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China

Previous research has shown that ocular dominance can be biased by prolonged attention to one *** ocular-opponency-neuron model of binocular rivalry has been proposed as a candidate account for this *** direct neural evidence is still *** manipulating the contrast of dichoptic testing gratings,here we measured the steady-state visually evoked potentials(SSVEPs)at the intermodulation frequencies to selectively track the activities of ocular-opponency-neurons before and after the“dichoptic-backward-movie”*** hour of adaptation caused a shift of perceptual and neural ocular dominance towards the unattended *** importantly,we found a decrease in the intermodulation SSVEP response after adaptation,which was significantly greater when high-contrast gratings were presented to the attended eye than when they were presented to the unattended *** results strongly support the view that the adaptation of ocular-opponency-neurons contributes to the ocular dominance plasticity induced by prolonged eye-based attention.

关键词： Attention Ocular dominance Opponency neuron Adaptation Steady-state visually evoked potential

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Observational appearances of hairy black holes in the framework of gravitational decoupling

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第8期76卷 103-117页

作者： Yizhi Liang Xin lyu Jun Tao Center for Theoretical Physics College of PhysicsSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

We investigate the observational appearance of static and spherically symmetric hairy black holes in the framework of gravitational decoupling with the weak energy condition(WEC). Two types of thin illumination conditions are studied: spherical accretion and disk accretion. As the hairy parameter increases, the size of the photon sphere and photon rings in both models decreases, and the overall luminosity attenuation becomes more pronounced. In spherical accretion, the luminosity of infalling accretion is significantly lower than that of stationary accretion. In disk accretion the luminosity of the black hole is contributed by direct emission, the lensing ring and the photon ring. Employing four types of astrophysical disk luminosity model,we investigate the appearance of halos and note that their luminosities do not superimpose when the source is on or beyond the innermost stable circular orbit.

关键词： hairy black hole shadow gravitational decoupling accretion disk

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Inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1897-1909页

作者： Yuting Liu hanjia Li Yuan Chen Tambel Leila.I.M Zhenyu Liu Shujuan Wu Siqi Sun Xiang Zhang Dehua Chen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Agricultural Research Cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 13314Sudan

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s ***,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the main goal for increasing insect resistance in *** this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(ZM425)in 2019 and *** Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were *** results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and ZM425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated *** the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and ZM425,*** combined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending *** Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and ZM425,*** organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein *** results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton ***,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production.

关键词： Bt cotton Bt protein inhibition of protein degradation protein degradation metabolism

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Sum-Rate Maximization in Active RIS-Assisted Multi-Antenna WPCN

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China Communications 2024年第6期21卷 23-39页

作者： Jiang Jie lyu Bin Chen Pengcheng Yang Zhen School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210003China

In this paper,we propose an active reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)enabled hybrid relaying scheme for a multi-antenna wireless powered communication network(WPCN),where the active RIS is employed to assist both wireless energy transfer(WET)from the power station(PS)to energyconstrained users and wireless information transmission(WIT)from users to the receiving station(RS).For further performance enhancement,we propose to employ both transmit beamforming at the PS and receive beamforming at the *** formulate a sumrate maximization problem by jointly optimizing the RIS phase shifts and amplitude reflection coefficients for both the WET and the WIT,transmit and receive beamforming vectors,and network resource *** solve this non-convex problem,we propose an efficient alternating optimization algorithm with the linear minimum mean squared error criterion,semidefinite relaxation(SDR)and successive convex approximation ***,the tightness of applying the SDR is *** results demonstrate that our proposed scheme with 10 reflecting elements(REs)and 4 antennas can achieve 17.78%and 415.48%performance gains compared to the single-antenna scheme with 10 REs and passive RIS scheme with 100 REs,respectively.

关键词： active reconfigurable intelligent surface beamforming sum-rate maximization wireless powered communication network

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