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Do Community Pharmacies in Saudi Arabia Provide Medication-Related Information to Nonbuyers? A Mysterious Shopper Survey

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第4期10卷 169-176页

作者： hani M. J. Khojah Ahmed M. E. Abdalla Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah KSA Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah KSA

Background: Patient counseling service is an integral component of pharmacy practice in the community pharmacy. Counseling services should be provided to patients regardless of whether the patient has the intention to buy a medication or not. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the conflict between ethics and business objectives in Saudi Arabian private community pharmacies on patient counseling. Methods: Eighty pharmacies were randomly selected in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and visited by mysterious shoppers following a preplanned scenario. Clients requested information on the correct use of a dry powder inhaler for bronchial asthma. A survey form was filled in by the clients immediately after the visit. Results: seventy-five pharmacies were included in the study. Seventy-seven percent of the pharmacists gave a varying content of information although the client showed no intention to buy the medication. Only 5% of pharmacists gave the full instructions regarding the correct handling of the device and using it for taking the correct dose. Around 68% of the pharmacists focused only on how to take the dose. Four percent of the pharmacists provided insufficient information. Around 23% of the pharmacists refused to give any information and referred the shopper to other sources for obtaining the required information. Conclusions: Although most of the pharmacists provided free counseling, the amount and level of information provided were generally insufficient. This illustrates the need for introducing clear policies and guidelines for providing free professional counseling services to patients in the community pharmacy setting in Saudi Arabia.

关键词： Patient Counseling Patient Education Drug Information Community Pharmacy Saudi Arabia

Probiotic bacteria retard the ex vivo absorption of aflatoxin B1 from chick duodenum

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Probiotic bacteria retard the ex vivo absorption of aflatoxi...

感知的领导风格与员工承诺之间的关系 ——以索马里摩加迪沙私营保健部门为例

The 5th Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries

作者： Silvia Gratz hani El-Nezami Hannu Mykknen University of Kuopio Department of Clinical Nutrition P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus moulds contaminating agricultural crops. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to AFB initially via the diet and subsequently to AFB metabolites from the bile. We have found that some bacteria of both food and human intestinal origin may contribute to the detoxification of AFB by binding it in vitro. We undertook a stndy to

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感知的领导风格与员工承诺之间的关系 ...

作者：哈尼（hani Abdulkadir Mohamed）首都经济贸易大学

学位级别：硕士

领导力是管理的一项基本职能,它支持组织优化效率并实现既定目标。能够影响从领导者到追随者的共同目标,是员工对组织承诺的基石。本文旨在探讨索马里私人医疗背景下的领导风格（转型与交易）与员工承诺之间的关系。为实现这一目标,本... 详细信息

领导力是管理的一项基本职能,它支持组织优化效率并实现既定目标。能够影响从领导者到追随者的共同目标,是员工对组织承诺的基石。本文旨在探讨索马里私人医疗背景下的领导风格（转型与交易）与员工承诺之间的关系。为实现这一目标,本研究采用了两个独立的工具,即多因素领导调查表（MLQ）和组织承诺问卷（OCQ）,以衡量领导风格和员工的组织承诺分别。为了分析这种关系的多元回归,采用了皮尔逊相关矩阵和描述性统计。研究结果显示,领导风格与员工承诺之间存在着积极而显著的关系。此外,研究结果表明,与事务性领导相比,转型型领导对员工承诺的影响更大。尽管研究结果表明,转型型领导对员工承诺的影响大于对交易型领导的影响,但员工认为自己的领导能力没有"理想"水平的转型领导行为。结果进一步表明,转型型领导对情感承诺和持续承诺有积极而显著的影响,但与规范承诺没有显著关系。交易领导的结果表明,规范承诺是积极而重要的关系,但对情感承诺和持续承诺都没有显著影响。这项研究为索马里私营医疗部门和学术研究人员提供了建议,以优化实施转型领导风格,提高员工的工作绩效和组织承诺。这是因为转型型领导风格比交易领导者更有效地实现了更高的承诺水平,并对员工的决策产生了重大影响,他们希望、需要或应该保持在当前状态组织。

关键词：变革型领导事务性领导员工承诺情感承诺持续承诺规范承诺

Liver Function and Structure in Rats Treated Simultaneously with Cadmium and Mercury

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Open Journal of Pathology 2013年第1期3卷 26-31页

作者： Samir Haouem Issam Chargui Mohamed Fadhel Najjar Badreddine Sriha Abdelhamid El hani Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine of Monastir Monastir Tunisia Laboratory of Biochemistry University Hospital of Monastir Monastir Tunisia Laboratory of Histology Cytology and Genetics Faculty of Medicine of Monastir Monastir Tunisia Laboratory of Pathology University Hospital Farhat Hached of Sousse Sousse Tunisia

The effect of cadmium chloride (150 mg/l) and mercury (II) chloride (80 mg/l) either alone or in combination in drinking water for 4 weeks on function and structure of the liver of male rats was studied. Results indicated that the ratio of liver weight to body weight and the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase noted in rats co-exposed to cadmium and mercury were intermediate between those noted in the individually metal treated rats. The histopathological study showed that the individual metal and the combined metal treatments caused severe liver damage. The degree of these changes noted in rats co-exposed to cadmium and mercury was not higher than those signalized in individual treatment. The biochemical and the histological changes observed in rats co-exposed to cadmium and mercury show that there is not an additive effect between these two metals.

关键词： Cadmium Mercury Liver Toxicity Rat

Two Photon Absorption in Nanostructure Wide Band Gap Semiconductor CdS Using Femtosecond Laser

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2011年第3期1卷 64-69页

作者： Abdulla M. Suhail Raied K. Jamal hani J. Kbashi 不详

Strong nonlinear absorption in CdS nanoparticles of dimensions in the range 4 - 50 nm when irradiated with a femtosecond pulsed laser at 800 nm is observed. The CdS nanoparticles sizes were controlled by changing the reaction time of aqueous solutions of thiourea and cadmium chloride. The structure of the prepared CdS nanoparticles were tested and their optical properties were investigated and the nonlinear absorption coeffi-cients were measured using a fully computerized z-scan unit. It is found that the formation of the CdS nanos-tructuresfor are responsible for the observation of the strong tow photon absorption.

关键词： Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructure Multiphoton Absorption

In vitro inhibitory analysis of consensus siRNAs against NS3 gene of hepatitis C virus 1a genotype

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 763-770页

作者： Imran Shahid Waleed Hassan Al Malki Mohammed Wanees Al Rabia Mohammed Hasan Mukhtar Shaia Saleh R.Almalki Saad Ahmed Alkahtani Sami S.Ashgar hani S.Faidah Muhammad Hassan Hafeez Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of PharmacyUmm Al Qura University Department of Medical Microbiology College of MedicineKing Abdul Aziz University Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineUmm Al Qura University Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesAlbaha University College of Pharmacy Najran University Department of Microbiology College of MedicineUmm Al Qura University Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry

Objective: To explore inhibitory effects of genome-specific, chemically synthesized siRNAs(small interference RNA) against NS3 gene of hepatitis C virus(HCV) 1a genotype in stable Huh-7(human hepatoma) cells as well as against viral replication in serum-inoculated Huh-7 cells. Methods: Stable Huh-7 cells persistently expressing NS3 gene were produced under antibiotic gentamycin(G418) selection. The cell clones resistant to 1 000 μg antibiotic concentration(G418) were picked as stable cell clones. The NS3 gene expression in stable cell clone was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. siRNA cell cytotoxicity was determined by MTT cell proliferation assay. Stable cell lines were transfected with sequence specific siRNAs and their inhibitory effects were determined by RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blotting. The viral replication inhibition by siRNAs in serum inoculated Huh-7 cells was determined by real-time PCR. Results: RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed NS3 gene and protein expression in stable cell lines on day 10, 20 and 30 post transfection. MTT cell proliferation assay revealed that at most concentrated dose tested(50 nmol/L), siRNA had no cytotoxic effects on Huh-7 cells and cell proliferation remained unaffected. As demonstrated by the siRNA time-dependent inhibitory analysis, siRNA NS3-is44 showed maximum inhibition of NS3 gene in stable Huh-7 cell clones at 24(80%, P=0.013) and 48 h(75%, P=0.002) post transfection. The impact of siRNAs on virus replication in serum inoculated Huh-7 cells also demonstrated significant decrease in viral copy number, where siRNA NS3-is44 exhibited 70%(P<0.05) viral RNA reduction as compared to NS3-is33, which showed a 64%(P<0.05) decrease in viral copy number. siRNA synergism(NS3-is33 + NS3-is44) decreased viral load by 84%(P<0.05) as compared to individual inhibition by each siRNA(i.e., 64%–70%(P<0.05) in serum-inoculated cells. Synthetic siRNAs mixture(NS5Bis88 + NS3-is33) targeting different region of HCV genom

关键词： Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein Stable Huh-7 cell culture system RNA interference NS5B HCV therapeutics

Leachability of Oil Shale Ash from Isfir Al-Mahata Oil Shale, Southern Jordan

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2016年第5期4卷 292-303页

作者： hani M. Alnawafleh Mohammad S. Al-Harahsheh Adnan M. Al-Harahsheh Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan Department of Chemical Engineering Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Chemical Engineering Mutah University Karak Jordan

This paper presents the first study on the oil shale (OS) ashing and OS ash leachability of Jordanian OS located further in the south. The studied OS is from Isfir Al-Mahata subsurface OS located 10 km south of Ma’an. Chemical and physical characterization of the OS ash was performed and compared with original OS. Ashing OS was conducted at different temperatures. Important parameters affecting OS ash leachability were also investigated. The leachability of certain heavy metals was investigated based on clear leaching protocol. The Fisher Assay analysis result indicates that this OS type has quite higher moisture content, lower oil content, and higher spent shale compared with other Jordanian oil shales. Ashing of OS at higher temperatures (950°C) resulted in the disappearance of silica, due to its complete reaction with lime and Al, and formation of Anhydrite and cement materials like, Portland cement. The leachability analysis indicates that for most elements the leachability is high at low pH. The released heavy metals concentrations are below EPA limits. Chromium and lead are leached out more than other elements with the exception at low pH. In general, the higher the ashing temperature is, the lower the release of elements is. The chemical composition of the ash and the leachability results suggests that it has high fixing capacity toward the heavy metals present in the ash.

关键词： Jordan Oil Shale Leachability Ash Heavy Metals

Vulnerability of Groundwater System in Central Jordan Valley/Pollution Indicators and Decontamination Process

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第3期4卷 133-139页

作者： Marwan Alraggad Sahar Al-Saleh hani Al-Amoush Alsharifa Hind Jasem Dawoud Isied Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Straight Light Consultants Amman Jordan The University of Mustansiriyah Baghdad Iraq University of Jordan Amman Jordan

More than 60% of the water demand in Jordan is covered by groundwater. Due to the accelerated population growth and development in all sectors including agriculture, more water has been pumped and more fertilizers have been supplied to the natural system. In the Jordan Valley;Agriculture is practiced along the year according to the agro climatic conditions as well intensive patterns of farming are carried out to satisfy the growing food demand in Jordan. Thus, Groundwater quality analysis proved that groundwater quality is relatively polluted with respect to NO﹣3 and salinity. The pollution hot spots are mapped to be the vulnerable areas according to the considered variables (Geology, topography, land use …etc). Within this work groundwater quality was evaluated according to the global standards to be moderately polluted and not drinkable in more than 50% of the analyzed samples. The groundwater vulnerability map indicates that the pollution sources in the study area are mainly due to the agricultural return flow. To assure safe water supply for rural farmers a solar still was designed and implemented in the area for two months. The discharged water from the still proved to be suitable for drinking with no NO﹣3 content and economically it can be handled by locals.

关键词： Jordan Valley Groundwater Vulnerability Solar Distillation

Role of endoscopic ultrasound and cyst fluid tumor markers in diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第6期14卷 402-415页

作者： Hussein Hassan Okasha Abeer Abdellatef Shaimaa Elkholy Mohamad-Sherif Mogawer Ayman Yosry Magdy Elserafy Eman Medhat Hanaa Khalaf Magdy Fouad Tamer Elbaz Ahmed Ramadan Mervat E Behiry Kerolis Y William Ghada Habib Mona Kaddah Haitham Abdel-Hamid Amr Abou-Elmagd Ahmed Galal Wael A Abbas Ahmed Youssef Altonbary Mahmoud El-Ansary Aml E Abdou hani Haggag Tarek Ali Abdellah Mohamed A Elfeki Heba Ahmed Faheem hani M Khattab Mervat El-Ansary Safia Beshir Mohamed El-Nady Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Kasr Al-Aini HospitalsCairo UniversityKasr Al-Aini HospitalsCairo UniversityCairo 11451Egypt Department of Endemic Diseases Cairo UniversityCairo 11451Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Minia UniversityMinia 61511Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Kasr Al-Aini HospitalsCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Department of Gastroenterology Armed forces College of MedicineCairo 11451Egypt Endoscopy and Internal Medicine Consultant at Dr/Ahmed Galal Endoscopy Center Alexandria 35516Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineAssuit UniversityAssuit 71111Egypt Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35511Egypt Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteCairo 11451Egypt Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine for girls Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11451Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineAin shams UniversityCairo 11451Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Bani-suef UniversityBani-suefBani-suef 62511Egypt Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11451Egypt Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11451Egypt Department of Environmental Medicine&Clinical Pathology National Research CentreCairo 11451Egypt

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cystic lesions(PCLs) are common in clinical practice. The accurate classification and diagnosis of these lesions are crucial to avoid unnecessary treatment of benign lesions and missed opportunities for early treatment of potentially malignant *** To evaluate the role of cyst fluid analysis of different tumor markers such as cancer antigens [e.g., cancer antigen(CA)19-9, CA72-4], carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1(SPINK1), interleukin 1 beta(IL1-β), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A), and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)], amylase, and mucin stain in diagnosing pancreatic cysts and differentiating malignant from benign *** This study included 76 patients diagnosed with PCLs using different imaging modalities. All patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) and EUS-fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) for characterization and sampling of different *** The mean age of studied patients was 47.4 ± 11.4 years, with a slight female predominance(59.2%). Mucin stain showed high statistical significance in predicting malignancy with a sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 95.56%. It also showed a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 93.1% and 91.49%, respectively(P < 0.001). We found that positive mucin stain, cyst fluid glucose, SPINK1, amylase, and CEA levels had high statistical significance(P < 0.0001). In contrast, IL-1β, CA 72-4, VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and PGE2 did not show any statistical significance. Univariate regression analysis for prediction of malignancy in PCLs showed a statistically significant positive correlation with mural nodules, lymph nodes, cyst diameter, mucin stain, and cyst fluid CEA. Meanwhile, logistic multivariable regression analysis proved that mural nodules, mucin stain, and SPINK1 were independent predictors of malignancy in cystic pancreatic *** EUS examination of cyst morphology with cytopathological analysis and cyst fluid ana

关键词： Pancreatic cystic neoplasm Mucinous cystic neoplasm Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Mucin stain Amylase