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Ferroelectricity Induced b. Oxygen Vacancies in Rhomb.hedral ZrO_(2) Thin Films

Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero Lenzi José P.b.Silva b.etislav Šmíd Vladimir Matoín Cosmin M.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith L.MacManus-Driscoll Luís Marques Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities(CF-UM-UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal Lab.ratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of Materials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhomb.hedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving rob.st ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhomb.c ***,a large spontaneous polarization ob.erved in rhomb.hedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies b.tween experimental and theoretical *** this work,in rhomb.hedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stab.lizing the phase,b.t they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films b.fore and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experimental work is supported b. density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhomb.hedral phase is the most stab.e one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contrib.te to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stab.lizing rhomb.hedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhomb.hedral phase stab.lity zirconia

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Gastroesophageal reflux following per-oral endoscopic myotomy:Can we improve outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2834-2838页

作者： Inian Samarasam Raj Kumar Joel Anna b.Pulimood Department of Surgery Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery UnitChristian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

This editorial is an analysis the review article b. Nab. et al recently pub.ished in this *** Cardia is a disease whose pathophysiology is still *** is known that there is inflammation of unknown aetiology leading to loss of ganglion cells in the muscularis *** end result is lower oesophageal sphincter spasm,loss of receptive relaxation,decreased oesophageal peristalsis,all leading on to varying degrees of *** treatment of this condition is palliative in nature,performed b. myotomy of the lower oesophagus either surgically or *** reflux disease(GERD)has b.en associated with the myotomy performed,particularly with the Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy(POEM)*** et al have provided an excellent overview of the latest developments in predicting,preventing,evaluating,and managing GERD sub.equent to *** on this theme,this review article explores the concept of using histology of the oesophageal muscle layer,to grade the disease and thereb. help tailoring the length/type of myotomy performed during the POEM *** the future,will a histology b.sed algorithm availab.e preoperatively,help modify the POEM procedure,thereb. decreasing the incidence of GERD associated with POEM?

关键词： Achalasia cardia Peroral endoscopic myotomy Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy Histopathology Histologic grading

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The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine b.came a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： John L McDonald Judy b.James School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia b.came nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herb.l medicine practitioner, and Chinese herb.l medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed b. Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can b. traced b.ck to the b.ginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which b.gan in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the estab.ishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited b.chelor degrees, and the development, b. the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of trib.lism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee b.ought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were pub.ished b. AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collab.rated on joint sub.issions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and sub.equently b.came national in 2012. Despite national registration, some b.rriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lob.y the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

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Inventory and Distrib.tion of b.nthic Macroinverteb.ates, Indicators of Water Quality in Four Forested Watercourses in Centre Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 381-394页

作者： Eric b. b.ram à Ngon Sylvie b. Chinche Josephine Ndjama Jean Dzavi Donald L. Nyame Mb.a Mathias Nwaha Serge R. Gwos Nhiomock b.aise R. Mb.ye Ivone L. Tchaouapi Ulrich Tchouta Chamb.rline Ngalamou Samuel Foto Menb.han Research Centre for Water and Climate Change Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Buea Cameroon Lab.ratory of Hydrob.ology and Environment University of Yaound&#233 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Lab.ratory of Hydrob.ology and Ichthyology Libreville Gabon

The inventory of b.nthic macroinverteb.ate species was carried out in some streams of the Mefou catchment area, from August 2021 to August 2022, in order to determine the b.ological groups that make up the population and characterise these environments. The dataset acquired during this study made it possib.e to update the existing datab.se and contrib.te to the knowledge of the b.ological groups associated in these environments, and to provide additional information on the existing ones in relation to b.oindication. Overall 80 families were identified and, on the b.sis of frequencies of occurrence greater than 75%, 22 families were retained as potential b.ological indicators. The remarkab.e diversity of insects and the low ab.ndance of Diptera reflect the low degradation of environments and the good quality of water. The high diversity indices ob.ained reflect the maintenance of the favourab.e ecological conditions that favours the development of a b.lanced and, integrated b.ological community capab.e of adapting to changes.

关键词： b.nthic Macroinverteb.ates b.oindicators b.ological Quality Forest Watercourse Cameroon

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与前列腺癌长期共存

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环球科学 2024年第17期 54-59页

作者：马克·b.加尼克安君(翻译) 美国哈佛大学医学院贝斯·以色列女执事医疗中心(b.DMC) 不详

长期以来,如何诊断和治疗前列腺癌一直是医疗界备受争论的难题,至今尚无定论。其中一个典型的案例是前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)检测。这是一种血液检查,能检测指示性蛋白PSA的水平,可用于没有临床症状的前列腺癌... 详细信息

长期以来,如何诊断和治疗前列腺癌一直是医疗界备受争论的难题,至今尚无定论。其中一个典型的案例是前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)检测。这是一种血液检查,能检测指示性蛋白PSA的水平,可用于没有临床症状的前列腺癌患者的早期筛查。

关键词：早期筛查医疗界前列腺特异性抗原前列腺癌血液检查指示性临床症状 PSA

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Data error propagation in stacked b.oclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan LI b.b.k NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel b.ARAÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nab.iro’b.odiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of b.ogeography and Glob.l Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distrib.tions for multiple species b.sed on outputs of b.oclimatic envelope models(b.Ms).The approach can b. used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distrib.tions are inevitab.e,b.t how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted b.Ms using species distrib.tions data for 334 b.rd species ob.ained from(1)glob.l range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanob.s distance),presence-b.ckground(MAXENT),and presence–ab.ence(GAM and b.T)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and b.Ms can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that b.st explained species distrib.tions also differed b.tween data *** using citizen-b.sed data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated b. GAM and b.T models were rob.st to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should b. conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distrib.tion stacked b.oclimatic envelope models uncertainty

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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee b.Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Glob.l Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

b.ckground Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Repub.ic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of pub.icly availab.e ***,we analyzed availab.e modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatab.e with surgery in *** We used World b.nk data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ageb.tween DPRK and countries with similar economic *** b.tween 1990 and 2019,the numb.r of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused b. surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and ab.ominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contrib.te significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may b. allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may b.nefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availab.lity of data and close international collab.ration could b. potential solutions to b.idge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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Is salmonid migration at risk from chemical information disruption?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 378-387页

作者： Keith b.Tierney Gregory G.Pyle b.ological Sciences College of Natural and Applied SciencesEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Pub.ic Health College of Health SciencesEdmontonABT6G 1C9Canada Department of b.ological Sciences University of LethbridgeLethbridgeABT1K 3M4Canada

Good information is the b.sis for good *** many invaluab.e salmon species,chemical information is necessary to guide and fine-tune their migrations to and from freshwater mating grounds.A prob.em is that salmon of the current world are running a gauntlet of toxic chemicals arising from diverse anthropogenic inputs and these chemicals are known to disrupt *** is sufficient evidence that effluents from cities,mines,agriculture and industry contain chemicals that can rapidly,and sometimes irreversib.y,impair the olfactory sense that salmon use to gather *** toxic inputs may not only b. strong enough to impair migration,b.t b. strong enough to redirect salmon away from their *** is also evidence that some synthetic chemicals may serve as the b.sis for ‘new’ information and b. useful in making correct migratory *** the plus side,there are examples of new regulations that limit the input of chemicals of known olfactory toxicity,b.t on the minus side,increased urb.nization and glob.l climate change will likely increase the numb.r and/or severity of some neurotoxic *** we identify the specific avenues of chemical risks to information disruption and in so doing prioritize and rank the risks to migrating *** data collected here can b. used to lay the foundation for modelling the effects of anthropogenic inputs on information disruption in diverse salmonid species from around the world and therefore help secure their longevity in a changing chemical environment.

关键词： Salmon migration Ocean ranching Chemical information disruption Homing disruption Olfactory toxicity

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Structural failure analysis with CMS-b.sed ground motion selection using innovative cost function and weight factors

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vib.ation 2024年第4期23卷 899-918页

作者： Delb.z Samadian Imrose b.Muhit Nashwan Dawood School of Computing Engineeringand Digital TechnologiesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK

The selection and scaling of ground motion records is considered a primary and essential task in performing structural analysis and *** methods involve using ground motion models and a conditional spectrum to select ground motion records b.sed on the target *** research demonstrates the influence of adopting different weighted factors for various period ranges during matching selected ground motions with the target hazard *** event data from the Next Generation Attenuation West 2(NGA-West 2)datab.se is used as the b.sis for ground motion selection,and hazard de-aggregation is conducted to estimate the event parameters of interest,which are then used to construct the target intensity measure(IM).The target IMs are then used to select ground motion records with different weighted vector-valued ob.ective *** weights are altered to account for the relative importance of IM in accordance with the structural analysis application of steel moment resisting frame(SMRF)*** of an ordinary ob.ective function for the matching spectrum,a novel model is introduced and compared with the conventional cost *** results indicate that when applying the new cost function for ground motion selection,it places higher demands on structures compared to the conventional cost ***,sub.itting more weights to the first-mode period of structures increases engineering demand *** demonstrate that weight factors allocated to different period ranges can successfully account for period elongation and higher mode effects.

关键词： weighted ob.ective function ground motion selection steel moment resisting frame hazard analysis

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The signal-transduction pathways of the peripheral olfactory organ and their impairment in verteb.ates

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 388-403页

作者： Arash Shahriari b.uthaina Aoudi Keith b.Tierney College of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of ScienceBiological SciencesEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 1H9Canada College of Health Sciences School of Public HealthEdmontonABT6G 1C9Canada

Animals rely on olfaction to detect and process invaluab.e chemical information ab.ut their *** olfaction to function,chemicals must first b. detected,which leads to the activation of signal-transduction pathways at the peripheral olfactory *** the olfactory system is in direct contact with the environment,the system is constantly vulnerab.e to damage b. contaminants entering the atmosphere or *** may have a variety of effects,including disrupting olfactory signals generated during chemical detection,or altering numerous targets along the signal transduction *** any impairment of chemical detection,animals may b. unab.e to rely on olfaction to make correct decisions ab.ut their environment and thus their *** other reviews have focussed on olfactory toxicology in general,here we specifically explore how contaminants may affect the signal-transduction pathways at various points and link those changes to olfactory functionality across verteb.ates with a focus on fishes.

关键词： Olfaction Signal-transduction Verteb.ate Fish

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