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Survey on Construction of Safety Case Arguments

Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software 2024年第9期35卷

作者： Chen, Ze-zhong deng, Yu-Xin Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

Safety cases provide clear, comprehensive, and reliable arguments which mean that a system’s operation under a specific environment meets acceptable safety levels. In safety-critical sectors subject to regulations such as automotive, aviation, and nuclear industries, certification authorities often require the system to undergo a rigorous safety assessment process and thus demonstrate that the system complies with one or more safety standards. The safety case utilization in system development is an emerging technical means to express the safety attributes of safety-critical systems in a structured and comprehensive way. This study briefly introduces the four basic steps of building a safety case, including determining the goal, gathering evidence, constructing arguments, and evaluating the case, and then focuses on the key step of constructing arguments. Meanwhile, eight existing forms of safety case expressions are introduced in detail, containing goal structuring notation (GSN), claim-argument-evidence (CAE), and structured assurance case metamodel (SACM), with their strengths and weaknesses analyzed. Given the significant complexity of the materials required for safety cases, software tools are often adopted as practical methods for constructing and evaluating safety cases. Additionally, seven tools for developing and evaluating safety cases are compared, including astah system safety, gsn2x, NOR-STA, Socrates, ASCE, D-Case Editor, and AdvoCATE. Furthermore, this study delves into multiple challenges in building safety cases. These challenges include data reliability and integrity, complexity and uncertainty management, inconsistencies in regulations and standards, human factor engineering, rapid technological advancements, and challenges in team and interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, a prospect is provided for the future development of safety cases to reveal their potential utilization and relevant research problems. © 2024 Chinese Academy of Sciences. Al

关键词： Accident prevention

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Study of 26 Galactic Open Clusters with Extended Main-sequence Turnoffs

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 28-37页

作者： Yang-Yang deng zhong-Mu Li Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Astronomy and Information Dali UniversityDali 671003China

Recent studies indicate that some Galactic open clusters(OCs)exhibit extended main-sequence turnoff(eMSTO)in their color–magnitude diagrams(CMDs).However,the number of Galactic OCs with eMSTO structures detected so far is limited,and the reasons for their formation are still *** work identifies 26 Galactic OCs with undiscovered eMSTOs and investigates the causes of these *** population types and fundamental parameters of cluster samples are acquired using CMD fitting *** them,the results of 11 OCs are reliable as the observed CMDs are *** propose the crucial role of stellar binarity and confirm the importance of stellar rotation in reproducing eMSTO *** results also show that the impact of age spread is important,as it can adequately explain the structure of young OCs and fit the observed CMDs of intermediate-age OCs better.

关键词： (stars:)binaries:general Galaxy:fundamental parameters (Galaxy:)open clusters and associations:general (stars:)Hertzsprung Russell and C-M-diagrams

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Evolution behavior of γ″ phase of IN718 superalloy in temperature/stress coupled field

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第12期28卷 1949-1956页

作者： han-zhong deng Lei Wang Yang Liu Xiu Song Fan-qiang Meng Shuo Huang Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China College of Materials Science and Engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China High Temperature Materials Research Division Central Iron&Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China

The evolution behavior of theγ″phase of IN718 superalloy in a temperature/stress coupled field was *** showed that the coarsening rate of theγ″phase was significantly accelerated in the temperature/stress coupled *** on the detail microstructural and crystal defect analysis,it was found that the coarsening rate of theγ″phase with applied stress was significantly higher than that without *** main reasons for the increase in the coarsening rate of theγ″phase are as follows:the vacancy formation energy is decreased by the applied stress,which leads to an increase in the vacancy concentration;in the temperature/stress coupled field,the Nb atoms easily combine with vacancies to form complexes and diffuse with the complexes,resulting in a significant increase in the Nb atom diffusion coefficient;Nb atom diffusion is the key control factor for the coarsening of theγ″phase.

关键词： IN718 stress superalloy

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Lignocellulosic fraction-induced niche differentiation within dissimilatory iron reducing bacterial groups in a paddy soil

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 77-88页

作者： Yunbin Jiang Wenting Hu Kailou Liu Shangshu Huang Fengwu Zhou Cheng han Huan deng Wenhui zhong Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control School of GeographyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Centerfor Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm ResourcesNanchang 331717China Schoolof Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

Responses of soil DIRB to lignocellulosic fractions during a 6-week microcosm incubation were ***,Bacillus,and Clostridium maintained their domi-nance throughout the *** DIRB groups proliferated under specific lignocellulosic fraction *** of insufficient ferric iron on the proliferation varied by DIRB *** iron reducing bacteria(DIRB)are phylogenetically and physi-ologically diverse in paddy soils,where iron reduction closely couples with the oxidation of rice straw-derived carbon in the straw returning ***,few studies have addressed the niche differentiation within DIRB groups during the degradation of lignocellulosic fractions of rice *** study conducted a 6-week microcosm incubation experiment to reveal the distinct responses of DIRB groups under specific lignocellulosic fraction amendments with and without ferrihydrite(Fh)addition in a flooded paddy *** showed that the total absolute abundance of the 19 detected DIRB groups did not vary significantly during the ***,Bacillus,and Clostridium were the dominant DIRB groups for all lignocellulosic treatments whereas Thermincola was dominant but only under xylan amendment with Fh ***-nodes in the co-occurrence networks of bacterial community mainly belonged to Anaeromyxobacter and *** and Thermincola,Alkaliphilus and Anaeromyxobacter,and Alicyclobacillus,Desulfobulbus,and Desulfosporosinus were specifically proliferated under xylan,cellulose,and lignin amendments,*** the proliferation was limited by insufficient ferric iron varied by bacterial *** findings suggested the lignocellulosic fraction-induced niche differentiation within DIRB groups,which advanced our understanding of the ecology of DIRB in paddy soils under straw returning.

关键词： cellulose hemicellulose lignin bacterial community diversity co-occurrence networks

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Hybrid stochastic control strategy by two-layer networks for dissipating urban traffic congestion

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 40-41页

作者： Xiaojing zhong Bin PANG Feiqi deng Xueyan ZHAO School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou University School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

With the rapid development of mobile devices and geographic information systems, social network data have become part of the traffic condition dissemination system,thereby influencing traffic conditions. Current research has indicated that the dissemination of traffic congestion information can partially alleviate congestion problems and thus enhance road transportation efficiency [1].

关键词： Traffic congestion

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The medium-temperature dependence of jet transport coefficient in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 173-191页

作者： Man Xie Qing-Fei han En-Ke Wang Ben-Wei Zhang han-zhong Zhang Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(MOE) Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of MatterInstitute of Quantum Matter South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear ScienceSouthern Nuclear Science Computing CenterSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China

The medium-temperature T dependence of the jet transport coefficient̂q was studied via the nuclear modification factor RAA(pT)and elliptical flow parameter v_(2)(pT)for large transverse momentum pT hadrons in high-energy nucleus-nucleus *** a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD parton model for hard scatterings with modified fragmentation functions due to jet quenching controlled bŷq,we check the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy for large pT hadrons,and extract̂q by global fits to RAA(pT)and v_(2)(pT)data in A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC,*** numerical results from the best fits show that̂q∕T^(3) goes down with local medium-temperature T in the parton jet *** with the case of a constant̂q∕T^(3),the going-down T dependence of̂q∕T^(3) makes a hard parton jet to lose more energy near Tc and therefore strengthens the azimuthal anisotropy for large pT *** a result,v_(2)(pT)for large pT hadrons was enhanced by approximately 10%to better fit the data at RHIC/*** the first-order phase transition from QGP to the hadron phase and the additional energy loss in the hadron phase,v_(2)(pT)is again enhanced by 5-10%at RHIC/LHC.

关键词： Jet quenching Jet transport parameter Hadron suppression Elliptic flow coefficient Energy loss asymmetry

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Monocular Distance Estimated Based on PTZ Camera

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3417-3433页

作者： Qirui zhong Xiaogang Cheng Yuxin Song han Wang Bell Honors School Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003China College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210003China College of Automation and College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210003China

This paper introduces an intelligent computational approach for extracting salient objects fromimages and estimatingtheir distance information with PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras. PTZ cameras have found wide applications innumerous public places, serving various purposes such as public securitymanagement, natural disastermonitoring,and crisis alarms, particularly with the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence and global infrastructuralprojects. In this paper, we combine Gauss optical principles with the PTZ camera’s capabilities of horizontal andpitch rotation, as well as optical zoom, to estimate the distance of the *** present a novel monocular objectdistance estimation model based on the Focal Length-Target Pixel Size (FLTPS) relationship, achieving an accuracyrate of over 95% for objects within a 5 km range. The salient object extraction is achieved through a simplifiedconvolution kernel and the utilization of the object’s RGB features, which offer significantly faster computingspeeds compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Additionally, we introduce the dark channel beforethe fog removal algorithm, resulting in a 20 dB increase in image definition, which significantly benefits distanceestimation. Our system offers the advantages of stability and low device load, making it an asset for public securityaffairs and providing a reference point for future developments in surveillance hardware.

关键词： Public security location information PTZ camera image processing

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Carbon efficiency modeling and optimization of solar-powered cellular networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 228-243页

作者： Yuxi ZHAO Xiaohu GE Wen YAN Tao han Yi zhong School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Huawei Technology Co. Ltd.

As wireless communication traffic experiences rapid growth, the carbon emissions caused by the communication industry are also on the rise. To achieve “carbon neutrality”, researchers are considering the use of renewable energy sources to power cellular networks, thereby reducing carbon emissions. However, a challenge arises when using renewable energy, specifically owing to the unpredictable nature of both the energy consumption of the cellular network and the power generation from renewable sources. This inconsistency results in low renewable energy utilization and reduced carbon efficiency. Herein, we construct a carbon efficiency model of solar-powered cellular networks using practical data from solar radiation. We propose a mechanism that alternately optimizes the performance of the renewable energy network and the cellular network. This approach is based on convex optimization theory and the Dinkelback algorithm, and it leads to the design of a carbon efficiency optimization algorithm. This algorithm aims to improve the carbon efficiency of cellular networks and reduce their carbon emissions. Simulation results demonstrate that our optimization scheme yields a maximum improvement of 2.56 × 108bps/g in the carbon efficiency of the cellular network as compared to conventional power allocation schemes such as the traditional water filling method and heuristic energy sharing and charge/discharge algorithms.

关键词： cellular networks renewable energy carbon efficiency convex optimization theory dinkelbach

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Metagenomic insights into microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes of waste antibiotic fermentation residues along production,storage and treatment processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 45-55页

作者： Ziming han Xiao Luan Haodi Feng Yanqin deng Min Yang Yu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery Beijing 100085China Wuhan Agricultural Inspection Center Wuhan 430016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Antibiotic fermentation residue(AFR)is nutrient-rich solid waste generated from fermentative antibiotic production *** is demonstrated that AFR contains high-concentration of remaining antibiotics,and thus may promote antibiotic resistance development in receiving environment or feeding farmed ***,the dominate microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in AFRs have not been adequately explored,hampering understanding on the potential antibiotic resistance risk development caused by ***,seven kinds of representative AFRs along their production,storage,and treatment processes were collected,and multiple methods including amplicon sequencing,metagenomic sequencing,and bioinformatic approaches were adopted to explore the biological characteristics of *** expected,antibiotic fermentation producer was found as the predominant species in raw AFRs,which were collected at the outlet of fermentation ***,except for producer species,more environment-derived species persisted in stored AFRs,which were temporarily stored at a semi-open *** genus,classified as Firmicutes phylum and Bacilli class,became predominant bacterial taxa in stored AFRs,which might attribute to its tolerance to high concentration of *** from metagenomic sequencing together with assembly and binning approaches showed that these newly-colonizing species(e.g.,Lactobacillus genus)tended to carry ARGs conferring resistance to the remaining ***,after thermal treatment,remaining antibiotic could be efficiently removed from AFRs,and microorganisms together with DNA could be strongly *** sum,the main risk from the AFRs was the remaining antibiotic,while environment-derived bacteria which tolerate extreme environment,survived in ARFs with high content antibiotics,and may carry ***,hydrothermal or other harmless treatment technologies are recommended to remove antibiotic content and inactivate bacteria befor

关键词： Pharmaceutical manufacturing Antibiotic mycelia residue Antibiotic resistance bacteria Thermal treatment Solid waste

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Unconventional phonon spectra and obstructed edge phonon modes

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 114-118页

作者： Ruihan Zhang Haohao Sheng Junze deng zhong Fang Zhilong Yang Zhijun Wang Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Based on the elementary band representations(EBR),many topologically trivial materials are classified as unconventional ones(obstructed atomic limit),where the EBR decomposition for a set of electronic states is not consistent with atomic valenceelectron band *** the work,we identify that the unconventional nature can also exist in phonon spectra,where the EBR decomposition for a set of well-separated phonon modes is not consistent with atomic vibration band representations(ABR).The unconventionality has two types:typeⅠis on an empty site;and typeⅡis on an atom site with non-atomic vibration *** unconventionality is described by the nonzero real-space invariant at the *** detailed calculations show that the black phosphorus(BP)has the typeⅠunconventional phonon spectrum,while 1H-Mo Se_(2)has the typeⅡone,although their electronic structures are also ***,the obstructed phonon modes are obtained for two types of unconventional phonon spectra.

关键词： unconventional phonon spectra obstructed edge phonon mode typeⅠ&typeⅡunconventionality

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