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Real-time generation of circular patterns in electron beam lithography

Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第3期7卷 90-98页

作者： Zhengjie Li Bohua yin Botong Sun Jingyu Huang Pengfei wang Li han Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Electron beam lithography(EBL)involves the transfer of a pattern onto the surface of a substrate byﬁrst scanning a thin layer of organicﬁlm(called resist)on the surface by a tightly focused and precisely controlled electron beam(exposure)and then selectively removing the exposed or nonexposed regions of the resist in a solvent(developing).It is widely used for fabrication of integrated cir-cuits,mask manufacturing,photoelectric device processing,and otherﬁ*** key to drawing circular patterns by EBL is the graphics production and *** an EBL system,an embedded processor calculates and generates the trajectory coordinates for movement of the electron beam,and outputs the corresponding voltage signal through a digital-to-analog converter(DAC)to control a deﬂector that changes the position of the electron *** this procedure,it is possible to guarantee the accuracy and real-time con-trol of electron beam scanning deﬂ*** EBL systems mostly use the method of polygonal approximation to expose circles.A circle is divided into several polygons,and the smaller the segmentation,the higher is the precision of the splicing ***,owing to the need to generate and scan each polygon separately,an increase in the number of segments will lead to a decrease in the overall lithography *** this paper,based on Bresenham’s circle algorithm and exploiting the capabilities of aﬁeld-programmable gate array and DAC,an improved real-time circle-producing algorithm is designed for *** algorithm can directly generate cir-cular graphics coordinates such as those for a single circle,solid circle,solid ring,or concentric ring,and is able to effectively realizes deﬂection and scanning of the electron beam for circular graphics *** with the polygonal approximation method,the improved algorithm exhibits improved precision and *** the same time,the point generation strategy is optimized to solve the blank pixel and pseudo-pixel prob

关键词： Electron beam lithography Circle production Micro–nano fabrication Pattern generator

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Seasonal prediction of extreme high-temperature days over the Yangtze River basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2137-2147页

作者： Shifeng PAN Zhicong yin Mingkeng DUAN Tingting han Yi FAN Yangyang HUANG Huijun wang Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

Extreme high temperatures occur frequently over the densely populated Yangtze River basin(YRB)in China during summer,significantly impacting the local economic development and ecological ***,accurate prediction of extreme high-temperature days in this region remains a ***,the Climate Forecast System Version 2(CFSv2)exhibits poor performance in this ***,based on the interannual increment approach,we develop a hybrid seasonal prediction model over the YRB(HM_(YRB))to improve the prediction of extreme high-temperature days in *** HM_(YRB)relies on the following four predictors:the observed preceding April-May snowmelt in north western Europe;the snow depth in March over the central Siberian Plateau;the CFSv2-forecasted concurrent summer sea surface temperatures around the Maritime Continent;and the 200-hPa geopotential height over the Tibetan *** HM_(YRB)indicates good capabilities in predicting the interannual variability and trend of extreme high-temperature days,with a markable correlation coefficient of 0.58 and a percentage of the same sign(PSS)of 76% during 1983-2015 in the one-year-out ***,the HM_(YRB) maintains high PSS skill(86%)and robustness in the independent prediction period(2016-2022).Furthermore,the HM_(YRB) shows a good performance for years with high occurrence of extreme high-temperature days,with a hit ratio of 40%.These predictors used in HM_(YRB)are beneficial in terms of the prediction skill for the average daily maximum temperature in summer over the YRB,albeit with biases existing in the *** study provides promising insights into the prediction of 2022-like hot extremes over the YRB in China.

关键词： Hot extremes Yangtze River basin CFSv2 Seasonal prediction One-year-out cross-validation

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Mechanical properties of multi-scale germanium specimens from space solar cells under electron irradiation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 173-185页

作者： Jian QIU Maliya HEINI Jusha MA Wenjia han Xunchun wang Jun yin Yan SHI Cunfa GAO State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan 512005China Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources Shanghai 200245China

During long-term service in space,Gallium Arsenide(GaAs)solar cells are directly exposed to electron irradiation which usually causes a dramatic decrease in their *** the multilayer structure of solar cells,the germanium(Ge)layer occupies the majority of the thickness as the *** to the intrinsic brittleness of semiconductor material,there exist various defects during the preparation and assembly of solar cells,the influences of which tend to be intensified by the irradiation *** this work,first,Ge specimens for mechanical tests were prepared at scales from microscopic to ***,after different doses of electron irradiation,the mechanical properties of the Ge specimens were *** experimental results demonstrate that electron irradiation has an obvious effect on the mechanical property variation of Ge in diverse *** four-point bending test indicates that the elastic modulus,fracture strength,and maximum displacement of the Ge specimens all increase,and reach the maximum value at the irradiation dose of 1×10^(15)e/cm^(2).The micrometer scale cantilever and nanoindentation tests present similar trends for Ge specimens after *** Force Microscope(AFM)also observed the change in surface ***,a fitting model was established to characterize the relation between modulus change and electron irradiation dose.

关键词： Electron irradiation Germanium Mechanical properties Multi-scale Space solar cells

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An efficient parallel algorithm of variational nodal method for heterogeneous neutron transport problems

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 29-45页

作者： han yin Xiao-Jing Liu Teng-Fei Zhang School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 2002040China

The heterogeneous variational nodal method(HVNM)has emerged as a potential approach for solving high-fidelity neutron transport ***,achieving accurate results with HVNM in large-scale problems using high-fidelity models has been challenging due to the prohibitive computational *** paper presents an efficient parallel algorithm tailored for HVNM based on the Message Passing Interface *** algorithm evenly distributes the response matrix sets among processors during the matrix formation process,thus enabling independent construction without *** the formation tasks are completed,a collective operation merges and shares the matrix sets among the *** the solution process,the problem domain is decomposed into subdomains assigned to specific processors,and the red-black Gauss-Seidel iteration is employed within each subdomain to solve the response matrix ***-to-point communication is conducted between adjacent subdomains to exchange data along the *** accuracy and efficiency of the parallel algorithm are verified using the KAIST and JRR-3 test *** results obtained with multiple processors agree well with those obtained from Monte Carlo *** parallelization of HVNM results in eigenvalue errors of 31 pcm/-90 pcm and fission rate RMS errors of 1.22%/0.66%,respectively,for the 3D KAIST problem and the 3D JRR-3 *** addition,the parallel algorithm significantly reduces computation time,with an efficiency of 68.51% using 36 processors in the KAIST problem and 77.14% using 144 processors in the JRR-3 problem.

关键词： Neutron transport Variational nodal method Parallelization KAIST JRR-3

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Applying heteroatom co-doped carbon nanotube for manifesting high performance in the electrochemical reduction of aqueous nitrogen oxide by gold nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1151-1164页

作者： Jane Chung Haibo yin Rong wang Yunlong wang Junyang Zhang Yue Peng Joung Woo han Seongyun Ryu Junhua Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China EHS Research Center Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd.Gyeonggi-do 18448Republic of Korea

Electrochemical NO-to-NH_(3) under ambient conditions could be a viable alternative having advantages in terms of energy consumption and exhaust gas recycling of NO,replacing a traditional ammonia synthesis method of the Haber–Bosch *** synthesizing boron(B-)and nitrogen(N-)co-doped carbon nanotube(CNT)based gold(Au)catalysts,B-dopants elevate the conductivity of carbon nanotube by sp2 hybridization on graphene and implant B–N domains within the graphene layer,and result in facilitating the embedding amount of Au accompanied by high dispersibility with low particle *** density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate that the electron cloud transmitted from B-dopant to the active site of Au induces the Lewis acidic site,and the O-distal pathway occurs following a spontaneous *** of the electron-deficient B-doping area accompanied by N-defects and B–O edges retains the major valence state of Au as Au^(δ+),and suppresses hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by repulsing the hindrance of H*.This record exhibits the highest faradaic efficiency(FE)of 94.7%,and NH_(3) yield rate of 1877.4μg·h^(-1)·mg_(cat)^(-1),which is the optimal yield over energy consumption in the field of the ambient reduction of aqueous NO.

关键词： boron heteroatom nitrogen defect gold nanoparticles valence states of gold electrochemical NO-to-NH3

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Novel Cs-Mg-Al mixed oxide with improved mobility of oxygen species for passive NOx adsorption

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1581-1591页

作者： Yimeng yin Chizhong wang Lei Qiu Xing Li Feilin Zhao Jie Yu Jinchi han Huazhen Chang School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University

The development of passive NOxadsorbers with cost-benefit and high NOxstorage capacity remains an on-going challenge to after-treatment technologies at lower temperatures associated with cold-start ***,Cs1Mg3Al catalyst prepared by sol±gel method was cyclic tested in NOxstorage under 5 vol%*** 100°C,the NOxstorage capacity (1219μmol g-1) was much higher than that of Pt/Ba O/Al2O3(610μmol g-1).This provided new insights for non-noble metal catalysts in low-temperature passive *** addition of Cs improved the mobility of oxygen species and thus improved the NOxstorage *** XRD,XPS,IR spectra and in situ DRIFTs with NH3probe showed an interaction between CsOxand AlOxsites via oxygen species formed on Cs1Mg3Al *** improved mobility of oxygen species inferred from O2-TPD was consistent with high NOxstorage capacity related to enhanced formation of nitrate and additional nitrite species by ***,the addition of Mg might improve the stability of Cs1Mg3Al by stabilizing surface active oxygen species in cyclic experiments.

关键词： Passive NO x adsorber Low-temperature NO x storage Cesium Oxygen mobility

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Monotonic mechanical behaviour of compacted completely decomposed granite with various inclusion levels of incineration bottom ash

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第8期25卷 670-679页

作者： han-Lin wang Cheng-Shuang yin Qian-Yi ZhanG Qi-Wei LIU Zhen-Yu yin Dong-Xing XUAN Askar KHASANOV Research Center for Advanced Underground Space Technologies of Hunan University Changsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China College of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China School of Civil Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Department of Applied and Theoretical Mechanics Samarkand State UniversitySamarkandUzbekistan

1 Introduction Completely decomposed granite(CDG)is widely distributed in South China(Xu et al.,2022;wang et al.,2023).The parent granite rock mass gradually loses features during the weathering process,and thus needs to be reinforced when used(Lan et al.,2003;Dassekpo et al.,2017;Alamanis et al.,2021).On the other hand,considering the huge demand for construction materials and limited natural resources,it is increasingly important to fully utilize solid waste(Gruhler et al.,2019;Anagnostopoulos et al.,2020;Jiang et al.,2022,2023a,2023b).With high strength and environment-friendly characteristics,incineration bottom ash(IBA)seems to be a suitable reinforcement material for CDG(Ahmed and Khalid,2011;Alhassan and Tankó,2012;Toraldo et al.,2013;Lynn et al.,2017;Xuan et al.,2018;Tang et al.,2020).

关键词： incineration behaviour utilize

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Quantum key distribution over a mimicked dynamic-scattering channel

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 323-330页

作者： Qi-hang LU Fang-Xiang wang Wei CHEN Hai-Yang FU yin-Jie LU Shuang wang De-Yong HE Zhen-Qiang yin Guang-Can GUO Zheng-Fu han CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Free-space quantum key distribution(QKD) plays an important role in the global quantum network. However, free space channels suffer from the atmospheric turbulence and scattering effects of haze,fog, and dust, which significantly weaken the performance of QKD or even block the secure quantum ***, we prove the performance of QKD over a dynamic scattering channel can be enhanced significantly using a fast wavefront shaping technique. The system achieves on average 10-dB enhancement of quantum transmission efficiency and establishes a secure quantum link for QKD. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of QKD through free-space dynamic scattering channels and enhances the deployment capability of complex-channel QKD system.

关键词： quantum key distribution free space channel channel turbulence channel scattering wavefront shaping

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On equivalence of state-based potential games

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 313-327页

作者： han WU Jinhuan wang Institute of Mathematics School of ScienceHebei University of Technology

In this paper, we explore state-based potential games using the semi-tensor product of ***, applying the potential equation, we derive both a necessary and sufficient condition as well as a sufficient condition to verify whether a state-based game qualifies as a potential game. Next, we present two static equivalence conditions of state-based potential games. We then delve into dynamic equivalence. We propose a criterion that allows us to identify state-based games that are dynamically equivalent to state-based potential games and share similar dynamic properties. Ultimately, we introduce the concept of state-based networked evolutionary games. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure that a state-based networked evolutionary game can be classified as a state-based potential game.

关键词： semi-tensor product of matrices state-based potential game verification equivalence state-based networked evolutionary game

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Does social information affect the settlement decisions of resident birds in their second breeding attempt?A case study of the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 326-335页

作者： Xudong Li Jiangping Yu Dake yin Longru Jin Keqin Zhang Li Shen Zheng han Haitao wang Jilin Enginering Labonatony for Arian Eecology ani Comsenvanion Garetis School of Lfe S&ciencesNorthaust Normal UnvesityGhangchuan130024China School of Bcology and Ervirormnt Baotou Toachars'College Baoton014000China Jilin Prorncial Key labonatary of Animal Reource Consenvation and Urlisation Northeat Normal UntversityChangchun130024 Chine School of Zlogicail Sciance Jhlia Agialural Scaince and Tecrhnology UnversiyJlim132109China No.87 Middle School of Changchun Changchun130062China

Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime *** can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological *** studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest *** location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding *** short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding ***,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding *** this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding *** results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest ***,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding ***,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.

关键词： Conepeific Heterospecifie Japanese tits Multiple brooding Nest-site selection Public infomation Social information

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