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以子叶植株为砧木的大豆再生芽嫁接快繁技术

中国油料作物学报 2024年第1期46卷 36-42页

作者：陈晓叶许鑫张春蕾袁珊陈福禄蒋炳军武婷婷辛大伟孙石陈庆山韩天富中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081 东北农业大学农学院黑龙江哈尔滨150030

大豆组织培养过程中一直存在着再生芽不生根、生根少、根系易污染以及再生植株移栽成活率低、生长不良等问题,严重制约大豆遗传转化效率的提升。本研究针对以上问题,以只有子叶、下胚轴和根系的“子叶植株”为砧木,以组织培养产生的再... 详细信息

大豆组织培养过程中一直存在着再生芽不生根、生根少、根系易污染以及再生植株移栽成活率低、生长不良等问题,严重制约大豆遗传转化效率的提升。本研究针对以上问题,以只有子叶、下胚轴和根系的“子叶植株”为砧木,以组织培养产生的再生芽为接穗,建立了一种简单高效的大豆再生芽嫁接快繁技术体系。实验结果表明,以出苗后4~6 d的大豆子叶植株为砧木,以不生根、生根少或根系污染的再生芽为接穗,构建嫁接复合体,再生芽的成活率达到79.8%±4.9%。此外,将再生芽分成2~3个茎段,分别做接穗创制以子叶植株为砧木的嫁接植株,其繁殖种子总数(234.5±39.1粒)较通过组织培养系统得到的单个植株(83.7±13.2粒)提高1.8倍。综上,本研究提出的以子叶植株为砧木、再生芽为接穗的嫁接方法省去了再生芽生根过程,能够有效解决大豆组织培养过程中再生芽不生根、生根少和根系易污染等问题,提高再生芽的成活率,缩短再生芽的繁殖周期,扩大再生芽的种子产量,进而显著提高再生芽的繁殖系数。该技术对提高大豆遗传转化效率,实现再生植株的工程化快繁具有重要意义,对解决其它双子叶植物组织培养过程中再生芽生根困难问题、提高遗传转化效率也具有借鉴价值。

关键词：大豆再生芽生根子叶植株嫁接

种植绿肥对我国水稻产量和土壤肥力影响的整合分析

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第6期 79-88页

作者：李炫肖大康胡洋胡仁李锦涛侯俊韩天富曹玉贤年介响张卫峰长江大学农学院/农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建) 湖北荆州434025 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室北京100081 长江大学生命科学学院湖北荆州434025 新华农大(武汉)科技有限公司湖北武汉430070 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193

为探究种植绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响以及为水稻增产稳产和土壤改良提供科学依据。对已发表的相关文献数据进行了收集,建立了362组包含种植绿肥(GM)和冬闲田(FFP)处理下水稻产量和土壤肥力的数据库。采用整合分析的方法,定量绿肥... 详细信息

为探究种植绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响以及为水稻增产稳产和土壤改良提供科学依据。对已发表的相关文献数据进行了收集,建立了362组包含种植绿肥(GM)和冬闲田(FFP)处理下水稻产量和土壤肥力的数据库。采用整合分析的方法,定量绿肥在不同地区、水稻种植模式、土壤性质、氮肥用量、绿肥种类下对水稻产量及土壤肥力的提升幅度,采用随机森林模型探究影响绿肥效应的主控因素。研究结果发现,在不同地区下,GM处理对土壤有机质含量的提升在南方稻区最大(21.17%)。在不同水稻种植模式下,GM处理对水稻产量和土壤肥力的提升幅度均表现为双季稻>单季稻;土壤全氮含量≤1.5 g/kg、有机质含量≤20 g/kg时对产量的提升幅度较高;当GM处理的施氮量≤150 kg/hm^(2)时对产量和土壤有机质含量的提升幅度均较高,分别为12.47%和22.36%,但是随着施氮量的逐渐增加,GM处理的增产幅度下降。不同绿肥种类下,GM处理对产量和土壤有机质含量的提升幅度有所差异,在产量提升方面,豆科绿肥(12.47%)>非豆科绿肥(7.22%)>混合绿肥(6.32%);对土壤有机质含量提升方面混合绿肥(12.69%)>非豆科绿肥(10.93%)>豆科绿肥(9.37%)。随机森林分析结果表明,在主控因素方面GM处理对水稻增产主要受土壤有机质含量、施氮量和有效磷含量(贡献率分别为18%、16%和15%)的影响,而GM提高有机质的影响因素主要有地区、速效钾和速效氮含量(贡献率分别为14%、12%和11%)。因此,GM能显著提高水稻产量和土壤肥力,尤其是在低肥力的土壤状况下GM处理对产量的提升幅度较好,GM与化肥配合使用能促进水稻增产和稻田土壤有机质含量的提升,但GM的施氮量不宜超过150kg/hm^(2),水稻和绿肥轮作长江流域稻区推荐豆科绿肥,而在南方稻区进行混合绿肥。

关键词：绿肥水稻产量土壤肥力整合分析随机森林

Preparation of Self-limiting Heating Cables with Excellent Processability, Mechanical Properties and PTC Effect via Thermal and Electrical Treatments

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 511-520页

作者： tian-Hao Yang Tong Wu Qiang fu State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Polymer/conductive filler composites have been widely used for the preparation of self-limiting heating cables with the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect. The control of conductive filler distribution and network in polymer matrix is the most critical for performance of PTC materials. In order to compensate for the destruction of the filler network structure caused by strong shearing during processing, an excessive conductive filler content is usually added into the polymer matrix, which in turn sacrifices its processability and mechanical properties. In this work, a facile post-treatment of the as-extruded cable, including thermal and electrical treatment to produce high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/carbon black (CB) cable with excellent PTC effect, is developed. It is found for the as-extruded sample, the strong shearing makes the CB particles disperse uniformly in HDPE matrix, and 25 wt% CB is needed for the formation of conductive paths. For the thermal-treated sample, a gradually aggregated CB filler structure is observed, which leads to the improvement of PTC effect and the notable reduction of CB content to 20 wt%. It is very interesting to see that for the sample with combined thermal and electrical treatment, CB particles are agglomerated and oriented along the electric field direction to create substantial conductive paths, which leads to a further decrease of CB content down to 15 wt%. In this way, self-limiting heating cables with excellent processability, mechanical properties and PTC effect have simultaneously been achieved.

关键词： Self-limiting heating cables Positive temperature coefficient Thermal treatment Electrical treatment

Carbon sequestration rate,nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield responses to long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure in a rice–rice cropping system

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农业科学学报:英文版 2023年第9期22卷 2848-2864页

作者： Nafiu Garba HAYATU LIU Yi-ren han tian-fu Nano Alemu DABA ZhanG Lu SHEN Zhe LI Ji-wen Haliru MUAZU Sobhi Faid LAMLOM ZhanG Hui-min National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Soil and Fertilizer&Resource and Environment Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200P.R.China Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 2346Nigeria Plant Production Department Faculty of Agriculture Saba BashaAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21531Egypt

Combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic amendments was recommended as a strategy for improving yield,soil carbon storage,and nutrient use ***,how the long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure affects rice yield,carbon sequestration rate(CSR),and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)while ensuring environmental safety remains *** study assessed the long-term effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic manure on rice yield,CSR,and *** also determined the optimum substitution ratio in the acidic soil of southern *** treatments were:(i)NPK0,unfertilized control;(ii)NPK1,100%chemical nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer;(iii)NPKM1,70%chemical NPK fertilizer and 30%organic manure;(iv)NPKM2,50%chemical NPK fertilizer and 50%organic manure;and(v)NPKM3,30%chemical NPK fertilizer and 70%organic *** vetch and pig manure were sources of manure for early and late rice seasons,*** result showed that SOC content was higher in NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments than in NPK0 and NPK1 *** carbon sequestration rate increased by 140,160,and 280%under NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments,respectively,compared to NPK1 *** yield was 86.1,93.1,93.6,and 96.5%higher under NPK1,NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments,respectively,compared to NPK0 *** NUE in NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments was higher as compared to NPK1 treatment for both rice *** analysis revealed close positive relationships of CSR with C input,total N,soil C:N ratio,catalase,and humic acids,whereas NUE was closely related to grain yield,grain N content,and phenol ***,CSR and NUE negatively correlated with humin acid and soil C:P and N:P *** technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)showed that NPKM3 treatment was the optimum strategy for improving CSR and ***,substituting 70%of chemical fertilizer with organic manure cou

关键词： carbon sequestration chemical fertilizer long term organic manure nitrogen use efficiency paddy rice

Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第7期21卷 2134-2144页

作者： Muhammad QASWAR Waqas AHMED HUANG Jing LIU Kai-lou ZhanG Lu han tian-fu DU Jiang-xue Sehrish ALI Hafeez UR-RAHIM HUANG Qing-hai ZhanG Hui-min National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006P.R.China National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQiyang 426182P.R.China National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil Nanchang 331717P.R.China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering Ministry of Education/School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024P.R.China

Understanding the impact of biological activities on the soil phosphorus(P)distribution under long-term fertilizer application can facilitate better soil P fertility ***,the primary objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of long-term(since 1981)fertilizer application on the soil P fractions and microbial community and to evaluate correlations between the microbial community structure and P *** following treatments were implemented in a long-term field trial:no fertilization(CK),inorganic N and K(NK),inorganic P and K(PK),inorganic N,P and K(NPK)and manure+NPK(MNPK)*** study showed that the soil pH,soil organic carbon and total and available N and P concentrations were considerably higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK *** soil microbial biomass C,N and P concentrations were also significantly higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK *** fertilization treatments,theβ-1,4-glucosidase,α-1,4-glucosidase,urease,acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities were the highest in the MNPK *** to inorganic fertilization,the MNPK treatment increased the labile soil P fractions and decreased the residual soil P *** fertilization significantly affected the soil microbial *** total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)concentrations in the NK,PK,NPK and MNPK treatments were 23.3,43.1,48.7 and 87.7%higher,respectively,than in the CK treatment.A significant correlation was observed between the microbial community and soil P ***,the aggregated boosted tree(ABT)model showed that among the various soil biochemical properties,the total PLFA concentration was the factor that most influenced the active P pool,accounting for 35.4%of the relative influence of all soil biochemical properties *** findings reveal that combined manure and inorganic fertilizer application is a better approach than applying inorganic fertilizer alone fo

关键词： enzyme activities long-term fertilization microbial community microbial biomass phosphorus fraction

Data-driven rational design of single-atom materials for hydrogen evolution and sensing

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3352-3358页

作者： Lei Zhou Pengfei tian Bowei Zhang fu-Zhen Xuan Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Herein we proposed a data-driven high-throughput principle to screen high-performance single-atom materials for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and hydrogen sensing by combing the theoretical computations and a topology-based multi-scale convolution kernel machine learning *** the rational training by 25 groups of data and prediction of all 168 groups of single-atom materials for HER and sensing,respectively,a high prediction accuracy(>0.931 R^(2) score)was achieved by our *** show that the promising HER catalysts include Pt atoms in C_(4) and Sc atoms in C_(1)N_(3) coordination ***,Y atoms in C_(4) coordination environment and Cd atoms in C_(2)N_(2)-ortho coordination environment were predicted with great potential as hydrogen sensing *** method provides a way to accelerate the discovery of innovative materials by avoiding the time-consuming empirical principles in experiments.

关键词： machine learning single-atom materials sensing hydrogen evolution

Characteristics of long-distance mobile mRNAs from shoot to root in grafted plant species

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 25-37页

作者： Mengmeng fu Zhen Xu Huaying Ma Yifan Hao Ji tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu Zhenhai han Ting Wu College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Plant Science and Technology College Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China

Thousands of long-distance mobile mRNAs were identified from different grafting systems,based on high-throughput sequencing ***,the long-distance delivery of RNAs was proved to involve multiple ***,we analyzed the homology,motif,and tRNA-like structure(TLS)of long-distance mobile mRNAs identified by RNA-seq as well as the RNA-binding protein(RBP)in nine grafting combinations including Arabidopsis thaliana,Vitis vinifera,Cucumis sativus,Citrullus lanatus,Nicotiana benthamiana,Malus domestica,Pyrus spp.,Glycine max and Phaseolus *** several mRNAs were found to be shared in herbaceous,woody,and related species,the vast majority of long-distance mobile mRNAs were *** non-specific movement-related motifs were identified,while the TLS was not necessary for mRNA long distance *** addition,we found that RBPs were conserved among herbaceous and woody plants as well as related *** paper reports a further in-depth analysis of the endogenous mechanisms by which the species-specific transportable m RNAs were selected by bioinformatics,in order to provide insights for future research on long-distance mobile mRNAs.

关键词： Grafting combination Long-distance mobile mRNA TLS RNA binding proteins

Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 826-839页

作者： Muhammad QASWAR LI Dong-chu HUANG Jing han tian-fu Waqas AHMED Sehrish ALI Muhammad Numan Khan Zulqarnain Haider Khan XU Yong-mei LI Qian ZhanG Hui-min WANG Bo-ren Ahmad TAUQEER National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024P.R.China National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQiyang 426182P.R.China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006P.R.China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjin 300191P.R.China Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water ConservationXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091P.R.China College of Agriculture Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000P.R.China School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024P.R.China

Soil organic carbon(SOC)and nitrogen(N)are two of the most important indicators for agricultural *** primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC and N in the deep soil profile(up to 100 cm)and their relationships with crop productivity under the influence of long-term(since 1990)fertilization in the wheat-maize cropping *** included CK(control),NP(inorganic N and phosphorus(P)fertilizers),NPK(inorganic N,P and potassium fertilizers),NPKM(NPK plus manure),and M(manure).Crop yield and the properties of topsoil were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009.C and N contents were measured at five different depths in 2001 and *** results showed that wheat and maize yields decreased between 2001 and 2009 under the inorganic fertilizer(NP and NPK)*** average yield between 2001 and 2009 under the NP,NPK,NPKM,and M treatments(compared with the CK treatment)increased by 38,115,383,and 381%,respectively,for wheat and 348,891,2738,and 1845%,respectively,for *** long-term fertilization treatments significantly changed coarse free particulate(cf POC),fine free particulate(ff POC),intramicroaggregate particulate(i POC),and mineral-associated(m SOC)organic carbon *** the experimental years of 2001 and 2009,soil fractions occurred in the following order for all treatments:m SOC>cf POC>i POC>ff *** fractions were higher under the manure application treatments than under the inorganic fertilization *** to the inorganic fertilization treatments,manure input enhanced the stocks of SOC and total N in the surface layer(0–20 cm)but decreased SOC and N in the deep soil layer(80–100 cm).This reveals the efficiency of manure in increasing yield productivity and decreasing risk of vertical loss of nutrients,especially N,compared to inorganic fertilization *** findings provide opportunities for understanding deep soil C and N dynamics,which could help mitigate climate change impact o

关键词： carbon stock nitrogen stock carbon fraction soil profile organic amendments long-term experiment

Effect of Al content in molten steel on interaction between MgO-C refractory and SPHC steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 838-848页

作者： fu-bin Gao fu-ming Wang Xiang Zhang tian-yu Du Xin-hua Wangg School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China handan Iron and Steel Company Hegang GroupHandan 056015HebeiChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

The effect of Al content in molten steel on the interaction between SPHC steel(0.005-0.068 wt.%Al,and 19×10^(-4)-58×10^(-4)wt.%O)and MgO-C refractory(11.63 wt.%C)was ***-metallic inclusions in the steel were examined at various periods(0,5,15,30,45,and 60 min)as well as the MgO-C interface after 60 min of corrosion at 1600℃.The results show that when MgO-C refractory comes into contact with SPHC steel,the refractory interface consists of three layers arranged from the innermost to the outermost,including the original refractory layer,the dense MgO layer,and the iron infiltration *** carbon in the MgO-C refractories and the Al content in the molten steel undergo a reaction with the MgO in the refractories,resulting in an increase in Mg concentration in the *** Al content in the molten steel from 0.005 to 0.068 wt.%causes a spinel layer to appear at the interface,and the disappearance time of Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions in the steel decreases from 60 to 30 min,while the average MgO content in inclusions ***,controlling the Al content in the molten steel and the smelting duration can help regulate the formation of spinel inclusionsinthe steel.

关键词： MgO-C refractory SPHC steel Inclusion-Spinel Al-killed steel Interfacial reaction