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Influence of Different Plant Materials in Combination with Chicken Manure on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Vegetable Yield

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 510-521页

作者： Richard Ansong OMARI han phyo aung Mudan HOU Tadashi YOKOYAMA Siaw ONWONA-AGYEMAN Yosei OIKAWA Yoshiharu FUJII Sonoko Dorothea BELLINGRATH-KIMURA 1 United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo183-8509 Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo183-8509 Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research Institute of Land Use Systems Eberswalder str. 84 15374 Muencheberg

The use of plant materials as soil amendments is an uncommon practice amongst major farming communities in Ghana, although it is necessary for soil fertility improvement. An examination of the effects of soil amendments is necessary to encourage the use of under-utilized organic resources in Ghana. Thus, a field experiment was conducted using 8 different tropical plant materials mixed with chicken manure as soil amendments for growth of tomato as a test crop. The plant materials included Leucaena leueocephala, Centrosema pubescens, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indiea, and Theo- broma cacao. There were two other treatments： one with equivalent amounts of chemical fertilizers and the other with no-fertilizer input （control）. Plant materials were mixed with chicken manure to obtain a uniform carbon-to-nitrogen （C：N） ratio of 5：1. Except the no-fertilizer control, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen （N）. To clarify the decomposition pattern of the plant materials in soil, an incubation experiment was conducted using only the plant materials before the field experiment. The Glirieidia treatment released significantly more mineral N than the other plant materials in the incubation experiment. However, the tomato fruit yield was not enhanced in the Gliricidia treatment in the field experiment. The known quality parameters of the tested plant materials, such as total N, total carbon （C）, C：N ratio, and total polyphenols, had minimal effects on their mineralization dynamics. Azadirachta showed the best synergistic effect with chicken manure through significantly increasing soil microbial biomass and fruit yield of tomato. This result provides insights into the possible adoption of Azadirachta in combination with chicken manure as a soil amendment in small-scale agricultural holdings.

关键词： C:N ratio microbial biomass mineralization pattern organic material soil amendment synergy

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Patterns of floristic inventory and plant collections in Myanmar

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 302-308页

作者： Thant Sin aung Alice CHughes phyo Kay Khine Bo Liu Xiao-Li Shen Ke-Ping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Hong Kong Department of Ecology and Biodiversity The University of Hong Kong School of Biological SciencesChina Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China Minzu University of China Beijing 100081China

Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse countries in the Asia-Pacific region due to a wide range of climatic and environmental *** diversity in Myanmar is largely unknown,resulting in a lack of comprehensive conservation *** developed a database of higher plants in Myanmar derived from herbarium specimens and literature sources,and analyzed patterns of diversity inventories and collection inconsistencies,aiming to provide a baseline floristic data of Myanmar and act as a guide for future research *** collected 1,329,354 records of 16,218 *** show that the collection densities at the township level was variable,with 5% of townships having no floristic *** ecoregion had an average collection density of greater than 1 specimen/km2and the lowest collection density was found in the Kayah-Karen Montane Rainforests,which covered 8% of Myanmar’s total *** highest sampling densities were found in Mandalay Region,Chin State,and Yangon *** floristic collections over the past three centuries,knowledge of the distribution of the vast majority of plant taxa remained limited,particularly for gymnosperms,pteridophytes,and *** botanical surveys and further analyses are needed to better describe Myanmar’s floristic *** important strategy to promote knowledge of the biodiversity patterns in Myanmar is to improve the collection and digitalization of specimens and to strengthen cooperation among countries.

关键词： Biodiversity Ecoregion Higher plants Hotspots Myanmar Specimens

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FBG-based smart bed system for healthcare applications

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2010年第1期3卷 78-83页

作者： Jianzhong HAO Maniyeri JAYAChanDRAN Poh Leong KNG Siang Fook FOO phyo Wai aung aung Zhaohui CAI Singapore Singapore

This paper presents a smart fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor system with an unobtrusive and easy-to-use FBG sensor bed, which automatically monitors the behavior of bedridden patients and their vital signs based on indicative spatio-temporal signature for adaptive intervention triggering and activity planning. We present the subtle design, fabrication, calibration, implementation and deployment issues of the FBG pressure sensors to be used in hospitals or nursing homes to prevent bedsore generation, patient falling out of the bed, and life-threatening situations such as patient's heart rate weakening, breathing pattern change, etc. Through trials conducted in the laboratory for respiratory rate monitoring with a sample group of 10 subjects, the system showed maximum error of ± 1 breaths per minute as compared to manual counting.

关键词： 1f\b3\73\40\hcm0000111029.html

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Knowledge,access and utilization of bednets among stable and seasonal migrants in an artemisinin resistance containment area of Myanmar

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1227-1234页

作者： Wint phyo Than Tin Oo Khin Thet Wai aung Thi Philip Owiti Binay Kumar Hemant Deepak Shewade Rony Zachariah Regional Public Health Department Ministry of HealthBagoMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of HealthYangonMyanmar National Malaria Control Program Ministry of HealthNaypyitawMyanmar Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare(AMPATH) EldoretKenya GAVI the Vaccine Alliance GenevaSwitzerland International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease(The Union) South-East Asia Regional OfficeNew DelhiIndia Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research Unit(LuxOR)Luxembourg CityLuxembourg

Background:Myanmar lies in the Greater Mekong sub-region of South-East Asia faced with the challenge of emerging resistance to artemisinin combination therapies(ACT).Migrant populations are more likely than others to spread ACT resistance.A vital intervention to reduce malaria transmission,resistance spread and eliminate malaria is the use of bed *** seasonal and stable migrants in an artemisinin resistance containment region of Myanmar,we compared a)their household characteristics,b)contact with health workers and information material,and c)household knowledge,access and utilization of bed ***:Secondary data from community-based surveys on 2484 migrant workers(2013 and 2014,Bago Region)were analyzed of which 37%were seasonal *** net access and utilization were assessed using a)availability of at least one bed net per household,and b)one bed net per two persons,and c)proportion of household members who slept under abed net during the previous night(Indicator targets=100%).Results:Over 70%of all migrants were from unstable work settings with short transitory *** household size was five(range 1-25)and almost half of all households had children under-five *** 10%of migrants were night-time *** than 40%of households had contact with health workers and less than 30%had exposure to information education and communication(IEC)materials,the latter being significantly lower among seasonal *** 70%of households were aware of the importance of insecticide-treated bed-nets/long-lasting insecticidal nets(ITNs/LLINs),but knowledge on insecticide impregnation and retreatment of ITNs was poor(<10%).Although over 95%of households had access to at least one bed net,the number with one bed net per two persons was grossly inadequate(13%for stable migrants and 9%for seasonal migrants,P=0.001).About half of all household members slept under a bed net during the previous ***:This study reveals important short-fa

关键词： Operational research Malaria Transmission Artemisinin Greater Mekong sub-region Mosquito

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Effect of PWHT with Sheet-Type Ceramic Heater on Compressive Behaviors of Non-Stiffened Welded Steel Box Columns

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2018年第1期6卷 50-67页

作者： May phyo aung Mikihito Hirohata Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

A series of fundamental experimental investigation was conducted in order to examine the effect of PWHT by sheet-type ceramic heater on the residual stress, deformation and compressive behavior of non-stiffened welded box columns. The sheet-type ceramic heater was able to control the required temperature history for PWHT with high accuracy. The welding-induced tensile and compressive residual stresses of the specimens were reduced by 90% and 76% respectively with PWHT. Besides, PWHT could reduce the welding-induced out-of-plane deformation by 22%. It was revealed that the PWHT specimens had a slight higher stiffness than the As-welded specimens when applying monotonic static compressive load on both As-welded and PWHT specimens. They could also enhance the ultimate compressive load capacity about 32% of that of the As-welded specimens. The effectiveness of PWHT with the sheet-type ceramic heater could be confirmed.

关键词： Residual Stress Out-of-Plane Deformation PWHT Sheet-Type Ceramic Heater Welded Box Column

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Effects of torrefied wood chip and vermicompost application on vegetation growth and nutrient uptake in the Saemangeum reclaimed land

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 74-82页

作者： aung aung Jeong Min Seo Si Ho han Ji Young An Huong Thi Thuy Dao Woo Bin Youn Byung Bae Park Department of Environment and Forest Resources College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Environmental Conservation Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental ConservationNaypyitaw 15011Myanmar Institute of Agricultural Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea.

Background:In reclaimed land,the growth environment for plants may be unfavorable and the initial establishment and growth of seedlings could be limited because of low nutrient and water *** and control of understory vegetation that competes with seedlings may be of help in ameliorating soil physical and chemical properties,resulting in better seedling growth and reclamation ***,the amount of nutrients understory vegetation absorbs in this ecological process has been rarely ***,we aimed to investigate the effect of soil amendment on biomass production and nutrient uptake by weeds in the nutrient-poor reclaimed *** applied three levels of torrefied wood chip(TWC;0,2.5,and 5 Mg ha^(−1))and two levels of vermicompost(VC;0 and 2.7 Mg ha^(−1))as soil physical improvements and organic soil amendments in reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea,with Populus euramericana used as the crop ***:TWC did not influence weed biomass,but 2.7 Mg ha^(−1) VC significantly increased weed biomass by 21%compared to 0 Mg ha^(−1) VC ***(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and sodium(Na)concentrations in weeds were the highest in control,but there was no statistical difference among ***,VC treatment did marginally increase nutrient uptake in weeds,especially P,K,Ca,and *** treatments influenced crop tree ***:We conclude that VC can be used as an organic source of nutrients in reclaimed soil and that weed management is necessary to increase treatment effects on crop trees in this salt-affected reclaimed land.

关键词： Nutrient content Populus euramericana Saemangeum Soil amendment Weed biomass

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控电位下粒径对辉铜矿化学和生物柱浸动力学的影响研究

控电位下粒径对辉铜矿化学和生物柱浸动力学的影响研究

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作者： HTET aung phyo 中国科学院大学(中国科学院过程工程研究所)

学位级别：硕士

辉铜矿（Cu2S）是最为常见的次生硫化铜矿物之一,也是重要的铜资源。自上世纪80年代以来,由于环保和经济上的优势,生物堆浸工艺处理低品位辉铜矿得以在世界范围内广泛应用。尽管该工艺已在工业上广泛应用,仍然存在铜浸出速率慢,铜回收率... 详细信息

辉铜矿（Cu2S）是最为常见的次生硫化铜矿物之一,也是重要的铜资源。自上世纪80年代以来,由于环保和经济上的优势,生物堆浸工艺处理低品位辉铜矿得以在世界范围内广泛应用。尽管该工艺已在工业上广泛应用,仍然存在铜浸出速率慢,铜回收率低,浸出周期长,酸耗成本高等问题。破碎粒径是重要的工艺参数之一,破碎粒径过粗影响铜回收率,破碎粒径过细则影响成本和渗滤性。尽管有许多研究报道了辉铜矿在酸性Fe2（SO4）3介质中的浸出动力学,但是缺乏控电位条件下,粒度对辉铜矿柱浸动力学影响的研究。本论文针对辉铜矿生物堆浸过程中破碎粒径对浸出速率及生产成本影响较大的问题,开展了不同粒级的辉铜矿“第一阶段”和“第二阶段”的浸出动力学研究,对优化辉铜矿生物堆浸工程实践具有借鉴意义。本论文在恒电位（Eh）,恒温和恒pH的条件下,研究了粒度对辉铜矿纯矿物柱浸动力学的影响。此外,为了模拟堆浸,采用萃余液喷淋研究了粗粒级的低品位铜矿的柱浸动力学。本论文旨在探究不同粒级（0.054-200 mm）对辉铜矿柱浸动力学的影响,并利用未反应收缩核模型研究速率控制步骤。实验结果表明,粒度对辉铜矿第一阶段浸出动力学影响显著,由于硫层阻碍作用,粒度对第二阶段浸出速率影响较小。CT和SEM-EDS结果表明辉铜矿浸出后孔隙和裂缝明显增加。“第二阶段”动力学分析表明细粒级（0.054-31 mm）浸出同时受化学反应和扩散控制,而粗粒级（31-200 mm）浸出主要受扩散过程控制。通过粒度对辉铜矿浸出动力学的影响,进一步明确了微生物强化辉铜矿浸出的作用:嗜酸铁氧化菌除了维持溶液电位平衡,更重要体现在提高Fe3+和Fe2+的扩散推动力;嗜酸硫氧化菌主要作用体现在氧化S0层,减少扩散阻碍。本论文为生物堆浸应用中选择合理的破碎粒径提供了基础数据支持,为优化生物堆浸实践提供参考。

关键词：粒径柱浸收缩核模型 CT

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Plastid genome evolution of a monophyletic group in the subtribe Lauriineae(Laureae,Lauraceae)

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Plant Diversity 2022年第4期44卷 377-388页

作者： Chao Liu Huan-Huan Chen Li-Zhou Tang phyo Kay Khine Li-Hong han Yu Song Yun-Hong Tan College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit WineQujing Normal UniversityQujingYunnan655011China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River BasinGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi541004China Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar

Litsea,a non-monophyletic group of the tribe Laureae(Lauraceae),plays important roles in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia,Australia,Central and North America,and the islands of the ***,intergeneric relationships between Litsea and Laurus,Lindera,Parasassafras and Sinosassafras of the tribe Laureae remain *** this study,we present phylogenetic analyses of seven newly sequenced Litsea plastomes,together with 47 Laureae plastomes obtained from public databases,representing six genera of the *** results highlight two highly supported monophyletic groups of Litsea *** is composed of 16 Litsea taxa and two Lindera *** 18 plastomes of these taxa were further compared for their gene structure,codon usage,contraction and expansion of inverted repeats,sequence repeats,divergence hotspots,and gene *** complete plastome size of newly sequenced taxa varied between 152,377 bp(Litsea auriculata)and 154,117 bp(Litsea pierrei).Seven of the 16 Litsea plastomes have a pair of insertions in the IRa(trnL-trnH)and IRb(ycf2)*** 18 plastomes of Litsea and Lindera taxa exhibit similar gene features,codon usage,oligonucleotide repeats,and inverted repeat *** codons with the highest frequency among these taxa favored A/T endings and each of these plastomes had nine divergence hotspots,which are located in the same *** also identified six protein coding genes(accD,ndhJ,rbcL,rpoC2,ycf1 and ycf2)under positive selection in Litsea;these genes may play important roles in adaptation of Litsea species to various environments.

关键词： Litsea Phylogenetic analysis Divergent hotspots Gene evolution

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Comparison of litterfall production in three forest types in Jeju Island, South Korea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 945-952页

作者： Ji Young An Si Ho han Woo Bin Youn Sang Ick Lee Afroja Rahman Huong Thi Thuy Dao Jeong Min Seo aung aung Hyung-Soon Choi Hwa Ja Hyun Byung Bae Park Department of Natural Resources Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8502Japan Department of Environment and Forest Resources Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Forest Environment Conservation Division Korea Forest ServiceDaejeon 35208Republic of Korea Forest Conservation Department National Institute of Forest ScienceSeoul 02455Republic of Korea Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center National Institute of Forest ScienceSeogwipo 63582Republic of Korea

Litterfall, which is influenced by physical and biological factors, is a major pathway for carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to investigate monthly litterfall production in three forests in Jeju Island differentiated by forest composition and precipitation: Cheongsu(Quercus glauca as the dominant species;low precipitation), Seonheulb(Q. glauca as the dominant species;high precipitation), and Seonheulm(Q. glauca and Pinus thunbergii as the dominant species;high precipitation). Litterfall was collected monthly from April to December 2015 and divided into leaf litter, twig, bark, seeds, and unidentified *** patterns of litterfall production varied across stands according to their species composition. However,the amount of leaf litterfall and total litterfall were comparable among stands, ranging from 362 to 375 g m-2 for leaf litter and 524 g m-2 to 580 g m-2 for total *** leaf litter in May was the highest in all stands, while needle litter was the highest in December in *** twig litterfall in July may be attributable to high rainfall with strong winds and storms during the rainy season. Although forest type and climate factor had no influence on litterfall amounts in this study, the pattern of litterfall production was species dependent, suggesting diverse effects on carbon and nutrient cycling in these forests.

关键词： Coniferous forest Evergreen broadleaved forest Gotjawal Leaf litter Precipitation Temperature

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Chemical Constituents from the Whole Plant of Cuscuta reflexa

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2020年第5期10卷 337-344页

作者： Tin Thu Thu aung Meng-Yuan Xia Pyae phyo Hein Rong Tang Dong-Dong Zhang Jun Yang Xue-Fei Yang Dong-Bao Hu Yue-Hu Wang Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China School of Chemical Biology and Environment Yuxi Normal UniversityYuxi 653100People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar

Two new 2H-pyran-2-one glucosides,cuscutarosides A(1)and B(2),and one new steroidal glucoside,7β-methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside(3),together with 12 known compounds(4-15)were isolated from the whole plant of Cuscuta reflexa(Convolvulaceae)collected from *** chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic *** antiobesity activity of these isolates was evaluated using porcine pancreatic lipase(PPL),and the antiplatelet aggregation activity was screened using rabbit platelets induced by thrombin,platelet-activating factor(PAF),arachidonate(AA),or collagen.7β-Methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside(3)showed weak PPL inhibitory *** A(1),its acetylated derivative(1a),and scrophenoside B(8)showed weak inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by *** 1a also showed inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by AA.

关键词： Cuscuta reflexa Porcine pancreatic lipase Platelet aggregation 2H-pyran-2-one glucosides Steroidal glucosides

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