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Residual Spray for the Control of <i>Aedes</i>Vectors in Dengue Outbreak Residential Areas

Advances in entomology 2019年第4期7卷 105-123页

作者： Nurulhusna Ab hamid Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd Noor Mitra Saadatian-elahi Nur Rasyidah Isa Rohaiyu Md Rodzay Balqis Md Ruslan Topek Omar Mohd Iqbal Mohd Norsham Noor Hasmiza Amanzuri Nurliyana Abd Khalil Izzah Farhah Zambari Muhammad Anwar Mohd Kassim Muhammad Khairi Kamarul Zaman Ainaa Mardia Bachtiar effendi Afiq Ahnaf Hafisool Lee Teck Peng Brian Poong Mustafakamal Ibrahim Nurul Ashikin Roslan Lee Han Lim Medical entomology Unit WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors Institute for Medical Research Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Pôle Santé Recherche Risques et Vigilances Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot Unité d’Hygiène Epidémiologie et Prévention Lyon France Vector Borne Disease Sector Disease Control Division Ministry of Health Malaysia Putrajaya Malaysia Bayer Co. (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya Malaysia Hulu Langat District Health Office Kajang Malaysia

The incidence of dengue in Malaysia has shown an increasing trend since the year 2000. Vector control is the primary approach for dengue control in Malaysia. There is an urgent need for new or modified approaches such as the residual spraying on the outer walls that can potentially last long enough to control the Aedes population, particularly in the outbreak-prone areas. In this field study, we conducted outdoor residual spraying (ORS) using a newly formulated polymer-enhanced suspension concentrate (SC-Pe) of deltamethrin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of ORS using deltamethrin SC-Pe and its effect on wild Aedes populations and to assess its residual bio-efficacy on painted cement walls against the pyrethroid-susceptible strains of laboratory-reared Aedes mosquitoes. Three rounds of spraying in a four-month cycle were conducted between 2014 and 2015 in four residential areas (low-rise and high-rise housing types) in Hulu Langat, Selangor. The bio-efficacy of the insecticide was evaluated by assessing its impact on vector population using ovitrap surveillance. Standard WHO wall deposit bioassay was adapted to determine bio-efficacy of deltamethrin, i.e. post 30 min knockdown and post 24 h mortality after exposure. During the treatment period, we observed significant reductions in the population of Ae. albopictus in the sprayed low-rise housing in both semi-indoor and outdoor environments, while in the high-rise housing, there was also a significant decline in Ae. aegypti population in the semi-indoor environment. The evaluation of the residual bio-efficacy of deltamethrin SC-Pe against laboratory-reared Aedes mosquitoes showed that the insecticide lasted longer in the high-rise housing compared to the low-rise housing with >80% mortality achieved continuously for 16 weeks. We provide initial evidence on residual efficacy of deltamethrin SC-Pe in reducing Aedes population size in the low-rise and high-rise housing. Our results showed tha

关键词： Indoor Residual Spraying Outdoor Residual Spraying Aedes Deltamethrin SC-Pe Dengue Vector Control Ovitrap Index Malaysia

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effectiveness of hepatitis B virus vaccination program in egypt:Multicenter national project

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第22期7卷 2418-2426页

作者： Iman I Salama Samia M Sami Zeinab Nabil Ahmed Said Manal H el-Sayed Lobna A el etreby Thanaa M Rabah Dalia M elmosalami Amany T Abdel hamid Somaia I Salama Aida M Abdel Mohsen Hanaa M emam Safaa M elserougy Amal I Hassanain Naglaa F Abd Alhalim Fatma A Shaaban Samia A Hemeda Nihad A Ibrahim Ammal M Metwally Community Medicine Research Department National Research Center Child Health Department National Research Center Micro--biology and Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine (for girls)Al-Azhar University Pediatrics Department Faculty of MedicineAin-Shams University Dermatology and Venereology Department National Research Center environmental and Occupational Medicine Department National Research Center

AIM:To assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccination program among fully vaccinated ***:A national community based crosssectional study was carried out in 6 governorates representing egypt. A total of 3600 children aged from 9 mo to 16 years who were fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine during infancy were recruited. Face to face interviews were carried out and sera were evaluated for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsA g),anti-HBV core antibodies(total) and quantitative detection of hepatitis B surface antibody using enzyme linked immunoassays techniques. Samples positive to HBs Ag/anti-HBV core antibodies were subjected to quantitative HBV-DNA detection by real time polymerase chain reaction with 3.8 IU/L detection limit. ReSULTS:Sero-protection was detected among 2059 children(57.2%) with geometric mean titers 75.4 ± 3.6 IU/L compared to 3.1 ± 2.1 IU/L among nonseroprotected children. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that older age and female gender were the significant predicting variables for having non seroprotective level,with adjusted odds ratio 3.3,9.1and 14.2 among children aged 5 to ears respectively compared to those ears and 1.1 among girls compared to boys with P e in 0.11% and breakthrough infection was 0.36% and 0.39% depending on positivity of anti-HBc and DNA detection respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection was significantly higher among children aged ≥ 7 years(0.59%) compared to 0.07% among younger children with odds ratio equal to 8.4(95%CI:1.1-64.2) and P evalence was higher among girls(0.48%) than boys(0.29%) with P > 0.05. C ON C LU S I ON :T he e gy pt ian c ompuls or y H B V vaccination program provides adequate protection. Occult HBV infection exists among apparently healthy vaccinated children. Adherence to infection control measures is mandatory.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Immunization Seroprotection Brea

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