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Climate Change Impact on Aquifer System of Essaouira Basin during the Past 4 Decades (Morocco)

Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第1期6卷 19-33页

作者： Salah Ouhamdouch Mohammed Bahir Paula Carreira Najiba Chkir Abdelmalek Goumih hamid chamchati 3GEOLAB Department of Geology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco Departement of Geology E.N.S. of Marrakech Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco Química Analítica e Ambiental IST/ITN Universidade Técnica of Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax Radio-Analyses et Environnement Sfax Tunisie

Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the climate of the globe, the warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, the decrease in the extent of snow and ice, and rising sea levels. In addition to the demographic pressure, the Maghreb countries are suffering from the drought, which accentuates the phenomenon of desertification and soil erosion, as well as their salinity, which leads to the salinization and depletion of water resources. In Morocco, the climate change leads to the erosion of the soil under the effect of desertification resulting in siltation of reservoirs and the increased salinization of soil and water resources. The Essaouira basin, which is the subject of this study, is located at the Western extremity of the High Atlas to the Southeast of the Essaouira city;between 31°20' to 31°30'N and between 9°00' to 9°46'W. The basin is characterized by a semi-arid climate with average annual rainfall of around 300 mm·year-1 and an average temperature of 20°C. Considering the importance of the aquifer in Essaouira in the supply of the region's groundwater, a study was conducted to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of climate change on water resources in this area. The aquifers present in this region are one of cenomano-turonian upstream and plio-quaternary downstream, separated by the diaper of Tidzi. A piezometric map of the basin was made (1990-2009) and the hydrochemical method of the waters shows that they present a facies Na-Cl with an electrical conductivity ranging from 700 to 7000 μs/cm. The isotopic tracers like 18O, 2H, 3H and 14C were analyzed to determine the age of groundwater, and a right local meteoric close to the right meteoric world characterizing the precipitation of oceanic origin has been determined. The Essaouira basin turns out to be very vulnerable and sensitive to climate change because its recharge is entirely dependent on the rainwater. These results should be ta

关键词： Climate Change Drought Essaouira Basin Hydrochemistry Isotopy Piezometry Semi-Arid Water Resources

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Groundwater Chemical Evolution in the Essaouira Aquifer Basin—NW Morocco

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2013年第3期3卷 130-137页

作者： Mohammed Bahir Rachid El Moukhayar Najiba Chkir hamid chamchati Paula Galego Fernandes Paula Carreira Geodynamics Laboratory Magmatic Géoressources and Georisks Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Morocco Geography Departement Faculty of Letters and Humanities Sfax University Sfax Tunisia Nuclear Technology Institute Sacavém Portugal.

The sustainability of groundwater resources for drinking water supplies, agriculture, and industry a prime concern in countries dominated by arid and semi-arid climates such as Morocco. The growing demand for groundwater coupled with impacts from land use and climate change make sustainability an even more important water management goal. In order to make sound decisions about water use and protection of water quality, managers and policy makers must have a sound understanding of such factors as the location and amount of groundwater recharge and groundwater ages. Due to the population growth and climate change (causing long periods of drought) in the world, many countries have intensively increased their use of water sources for supplying potable water to population and for their agricultural (irrigation) and industrial developments. Due to the lack of surface waters, people exploit mainly underground water reservoirs. So, it is necessary to study and characterize these water reservoirs to avoid any excess of exploitation. The water resources of the Essaouira basin are characteristic of a semi-arid climate, and are severely impacted by the climate (quantity and quality). Considering the importance of the Essaouira aquifer in the groundwater supply of the region, a study was conducted in order to comprehend this aquifer groundwater evolution. It is an aquifer located on the Atlantic coastline, southern (Morocco), corresponding to a sedimentary basin with an area of near200 km2. Covering the Palaeozoic bedrock, the sedimentary series range from the Triassic to the Quaternary. The geological structures delineate a syncline bordered by the Tidzi diapir of Triassic age which outcrops to the East and South. In the Essaouira basin a multi-aquifer was identified constituted by detrital deposits of the Plioquaternary and dolomitic limestones of the Turonian. The Plioquaternary is unconfined below the Senonian marls. However, in some places it can be in direct contact with t

关键词： Essaouira Basin Aquifer Hydrogeochemistry Mass Balance Model

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